1!) 1 4. 
THE RUR.-A.L NEW-YORKER 
1103 
NEW YORK S NEW RETAIL MARKETS. 
RW YORK has for a long time been far behind 
other large cities in retail market facilities. The 
present city administration is attempting to rem¬ 
edy this, and on September 1 four localities in va¬ 
rious parts of the city were set apart as free public 
markets. One is at the Fort Lee Ferry, 130th St. 
and Hudson River. This is convenient for New Jersey 
farmers and has a large consuming population reason¬ 
ably near. The second is at 120th St. and Third Ave¬ 
nue ; third, under the Queensboro Bridge, 50th St. and 
First Avenue; and the fourth, under the Manhattan 
Bridge, near Canal Street and Second Avenue. The 
last three are accessible to an immense number of peo¬ 
ple and can be reached by farmers from Long Island 
and Westchester County. 
These markets are for the sale of foodstuffs only. 
No charge is made for space, which is open to farm¬ 
ers, peddlers and grocers. Police and other city offi¬ 
cials are on hand to see that everything is orderly and 
weights and measures honest. 
On the first day business was a little late in start¬ 
ing but developed considerable proportions before noon. 
There were plenty of push carts and peddler’s wagons, 
but only a few farmers, though it is expected that more 
will be on hand later. Many farmers near New York 
are specialists, hauling solid loads of one kind—7.000 
ears of sweet corn, 1.200 cabbages, etc. They usually 
sell such loads to grocers in large quantities or deliver 
to commission houses in a lump There are, however, 
farmers who can make up mixed loads suitable for re¬ 
tail trade, and no doubt they will take advantage of this 
opportunity for direct selling. 
West Street, New York, from 12th to Cortlandt. is 
another locality specially adapted to retail market busi¬ 
ness. This is a very wide street where wholesalers are 
given large amounts of space for piling their goods, 
trucks are stored over night and Sundays, and there 
are spaces big enough for ball games. Yet there is 
still room for several retail market sheds. This place 
is accessible, to New Jersey and Long Island farmers, 
but its chief advantage is that produce can be unloaded 
from the docks to the retail stands with hand trucks, 
thus cutting out one of the heaviest middleman's ex¬ 
penses, trucking. 
This movement for more and better markets is a 
most hopeful sign. The old Washington Market is be¬ 
ing built over according to the most modern ideas of 
convenience and sanitation, and with a large number of 
curb markets like those just established, where produce 
can be sold at the smallest possible handling expense, 
all classes of consumers in New York should be in con¬ 
ditions to keep the “cost of living” to tlie lowest consist¬ 
ent figure. _ 
NEW YORK STATE NEWS. 
ARM BUREAU NEWS.—Nassau County has just 
been added to the list of counties having farm bu¬ 
reaus. L. R. Simons is the manager. For the past 
three years lie has been teaching agriculture in the 
Gownnda high school. What is styled as the largest 
farm bureau meeting ever held was that at Crystal Lake 
last month, when the bureaus of Allegany. Cattaraugus 
and Erie Counties united in a field meeting and picnic 
which was atteuded by more than 3.000 people. The 
Erie County Bureau has established, by privately raised 
funds, a home economics department and Katherine II. 
Mills, a Cornell graduate, conducts it. The Jefferson 
Bureau has become much interested in the growing of 
Timothy hay, and on August 25-28 the first annual 
Timothy hay show was held at Watertown. The farm 
bureau manager has interested many farmers in the 
growing of improved types of heavy yielding Timothy. 
Each grower brought to the show his 10 best individual 
plants of Timothy which were judged by competent men 
and prizes were awarded. H. M. Doyle has resigned 
as manager of the Oswego County Farm Bureau and on 
Sept. 1 his place was taken by E. V. Underwood, a 
former teacher in the Moravia high school. 
NEW LAWS IN EFFECT.—Eighteen new laws 
went into effect on Sept. 1. Nine amend the code of 
civil procedure, four the penal law. three the code of 
criminal procedure, and one each the educational and 
agricultural laws. Hereafter all executions of criminals 
must take place at Sing Sing prison. It is made a 
misdemeanor to wear the badge or button of the Grand 
Army of the Republic or other organizations unless 
entitled to use such emblem. The educational law per¬ 
tains to the registry of municipal bonds and the agri¬ 
cultural law provides that a certificate of inspection by 
the State Agricultural Department must be attached to 
every shipment of fruit-bearing trees, together with a 
label specifying the name or variety of the trees. Agents 
selling trees must carry a certificate showing their auth¬ 
ority to act. 
STATIC GAME FARM.—The conservation commis¬ 
sion has purchased, subject to a good title, the so-called 
Tamblin property in the town of Brownville, Jefferson 
(County, as a site for a new State game farm. It con¬ 
sists of 240 acres and the purchase price is $7,000. The 
remainder of the appropriation of $25,000 will be used 
in the erection of suitable buildings and equipping the 
place with game birds. 
IN GOLD STORAGE.—The State Department of 
Health is in charge of the administration of the cold 
storage law which was enacted in 1011 to prevent the 
storage of improper food and the maintenance of a supply 
in storage beyond a definite period of time. The law al¬ 
lows butter to be kept in storage for 12 months, but any 
other article of food with the exception of fruit, nuts, 
cheese and vegetables, cannot be kept in storage for a 
longer period than 10 calender months. On August 1 
the following articles of food were in cold storage in this 
State; Eggs 20,441.067 dozens; butter 10.SS3.01S 
pounds; fresh meats 10,000.352 pounds; poultry 7.021,- 
305 pounds; pickled, salted and smoked meats 3.370.- 
002 pounds. These figures indicate a very large increase 
in storage products such as named since May 1, except 
in poultry which shows a large decrease. 
HOLSTEIN BREEDERS ORGANIZE—The East¬ 
ern New York Holstein Breeders' Association was or¬ 
ganized at Pawling, Dutchess County, recently. A 
large membership is anticipated as the Holsteins are 
very popular in that county. The officers are L. L. 
Lawson, LaGrangeville, president; Paul T. Brady, 
Patterson, vice-president; Towner Kent, Patterson, 
secretary-treasurer. 
COMMISSIONER IIUSON ON THE GRANGE.— 
In an address to the boys in camp at the State Fair 
Commissioner Iluson emphasized the importance of farm¬ 
ers’ organizing and said of the Grange that it exerts 
more influence than all of the other farmers in the 
State combined. The members are persistently watching 
all legislation that might affect the farmers of the 
State in the slightest degree. The members stand to¬ 
gether for their mutual benefit. He further said that 
although the Grange has a membership in the State of 
more than 115,000 yet only about eight per cent, of the 
farmers of the State are members. 
ALTON HAS FRUIT EXCHANGE.—Another 
branch of the Eastern Fruit and Produce Exchange has 
been organized at Alton, Wayne County, which will co¬ 
operate with the one recently organized at Sodus. The 
officers of the Alton Exchange are, president. Arthur 
Sill; vice-president, Arthur Gatchell; secretary and 
treasurer. M. F. Shannon; manager, Isaac Wagemaker. 
Packing houses will probably have to be erected at both 
places above named to accommodate both fruit growers 
and vegetable farmers at shipping time. 
DAIRY AWARDS AT N. Y. STATE FAIR. 
I T is the custom of the management of the New York 
State 1 Fair to have the awards on butter and cheese 
all placed before the Fair opens its gates, and this 
work was completed on Saturday night preceding 
the opening. Each exhibit of butter and cheese is 
marked with a card on which is inscribed the number of 
points scored in the competition. The gold medal for 
the best butter exhibited in all classes was won by the 
Richardson-Beebe Company of East Aurora, with a 
score of 37. The silver medal went to the Rosemary 
Creamery Company of Adams. Jefferson County, with 
a score of 96%. II. L. Smith of Crittenden won a 
special cash prize of $10 for having the highest average 
score in the three creamery butter classes. 
In the cheese classes the highest honor—a gold medal 
—was carried off by John Lonkow of East Otto. Cat¬ 
taraugus County, with a score of 90%. Carl Bolander 
of Falconer, gave Lonkow a close race with a score of 
99 which won for him the silver medal. For the high¬ 
est average in the cheddar, young American and sage 
cheese classes C. Gray of Omar, Jefferson County, took 
the special cash prize of $10. The Shefford Cheese 
Company of Syracuse won the $25 prize in the class for 
WHO RAIDED THE PRICE 0FF00PT 
THE MIDDLEMAN’S EXCUSE. 
Front the New York World. 
cheese made by one concern, variety and attractiveness 
considered. H. S. Sweetland of South Dayton. Cattar¬ 
augus County, took the second prize of $10. 
AH competitors in the butter classes scoring above 90 
share in the pro rata cash prizes in the ratio of the 
number of points in excess of these figures. In the 
cheese department the contestants must score above 
92. There are a large number in each class. The pro 
rata prize in Class I (butter) $150; in class 5 (same) 
$75. _ J. w. n. 
A SUCCESSFUL FARMERS’ CO-OPERATION. 
The Way to Combine is to Get Together. 
Part I. 
ARGE RETURNS.—If an incorporated stock com¬ 
pany were to advertise stock and promise returns 
of nearly 500 per cent, profit annually, it would 
be branded immediately as a “get-rieh-quiek” 
scheme. Far seeing financiers would say that such au 
investment was neither practical nor possible under 
existing conditions. However, it is actually a fact that 
nearly 500 farmers in Chautauqua County. New York, 
have purchased less than $2,500 worth of stock in the 
South Shore Growers’ and Shippers’ Association and 
have realized almost $25,000 of profits in two years. 
Startling statement to those who do not believe in co¬ 
operation, but here is the story of such a venture. And 
after you have read it. you may be converted to the 
idea that where there is a will there is a way—especial¬ 
ly among this class of farmers. 
CONDITK >NS INVOLVED.— Chautauqua County 
farmers are composed of three separate classes, as re¬ 
gards occupations. Dairying is almost the sole business 
among the farmers of southern Chautauqua, while fruit 
raising and gardening is left almost entirely to the re¬ 
gion along the southern shore of Lake Erie. This is a 
strip of land about four miles wide, and running back 
from the edge of the water to a range of hills that is 
the divide between the Saint Lawrence and the Missis¬ 
sippi basins. Here is found the great Chautauqua 
grape belt that produces two million dollars worth of 
Concord grapes annually. This is the home of the un- 
fermeuted grape juice industry and over four million 
gallons of the “national drink” wore manufactured in 
this section last year. Three railroads skirt the shore 
of the lake and along the railroads are found more than 
a dozen thriving towns. In five of these, at Farnham. 
Irving, Silver Creek, Fredonia and ForestviUe. are 
found canning factories. Surrounding these factory 
towns is naturally fonnd the gardening section, where 
for 25 years, the farmers have grown vegetables for the 
canneries. Tomatoes seemed to be the principal crop, 
although other produce was grown in smaller quantities. 
There was very little chance to market produce except 
to the canneries, and both farmer and canner knew 
this, but the advantage was all with the canner. The 
farmers were practically compelled to contract, during 
the Spring, for all the produce they expected to grow 
that season. The contracts offered were very unsatis¬ 
factory to the grower in many ways. Payment for pro¬ 
duce was not made until December first or even later. 
The canner agreed to furnish baskets and containers for 
all produce, but failed miserably, generally, with the 
result that tons of produce rotted in the field at a total 
loss to the grower. If the grower protested or kicked 
about the conditions the canner simply annulled the con¬ 
tract which left the farmer without any market for his 
product. 
TROUBLE WITH CANNERIES.—The average 
American farmer will permit himself to be imposed on 
for a certain length of time, and then will turn and 
fight with a vengeance for his natural rights, and the 
Chautauqua County vegetable growers are no excep¬ 
tion to the rule. In 1911 a very large acreage of to¬ 
matoes was contracted with the canneries. During to¬ 
mato harvest that Autumn the canneries failed, as usual, 
to furnish the grower with enough baskets. And to this 
fact might bo traced directly the beginning of the 
South Shore Growers’ and Shippers’ Association. One 
day in September when tomatoes were ripening by the 
ton and baskets were scarcer than discontent, two large 
tomato growers were discussing the situation. One said 
to the other: “Cook, we ought to have an association to 
handle this tomato deal with the canneries. We’ve got 
to do something pretty soon or quit the business.” 
Other growers joined in the discussion, and the co¬ 
operative idea spread so rapidly that it resulted in a 
meeting being called in Silver Creek. Fifty large to¬ 
mato growers were present and it was the unanimous 
opinion of those present that a farmers’ association 
would be a good thing for the community. A second 
meeting was held, this time at Sheridan, and the out¬ 
come was the organization of the South Shore Growers’ 
and Shippers’ Association. 
FORMATION OF THE ASSOCIATION.—The new 
association was incorporated on December 28, 1911, 
with a capital stock of 1,000 shares of $5 each. The 
office was in Silver Creek and the officers were: Presi¬ 
dent, F. M. Cockburn; secretary and treasurer. II. K. 
Palmer, who was also manager. A board of five direc¬ 
tors was also chosen. The only salaried office was the 
manager. The first certificate of stock was issued Jan¬ 
uary 10. 1912. During the next 30 days 110 shares were 
issued. The stock money paid in was used to purchase 
the necessary office equipment, and the association im¬ 
mediately began business. 
THE TOMATO QUESTION.—Tomatoes were the 
one important issue. The canners had been paying $7 
and $8 per ton. When the new association started ne¬ 
gotiations with the canneries it demanded a more sat¬ 
isfactory contract, better basket conditions and an in¬ 
crease to $9 per ton. It was claimed with good caus» 
that tin 1 crop was not profitable at $7 and $8 a ton. 
It was claimed that it actually cost $55 to raise an acre 
of tomatoes that would produce an average crop of 
eleven tons. The land was worth $150 to $250 per acre 
and a net profit of less than $40 was not considered very 
satisfactory. The canners gave little thought to the 
new factor, and absolutely refused to do business with 
the association, regardless of the price per ton. Further¬ 
more they consistently kept signing up tomatoes with 
private farmers who had not joined the association. 
Consequently, the manager began hunting elsewhere for 
a tomato market. It was found that there were many 
firms using an immense tonnage of tomatoes annually, 
but few of these concerns seemed willing to depend on 
an association unknown, and of only recent existence, 
for their supply of tomatoes. However, at the last mo¬ 
ment, a large Pittsburg pickling and canning concern 
agreed to purchase 500 acres of tomatoes at $9 per ton. 
The news of this large contract spread rapidly, and 
caused the new association to be looked upon as a fac¬ 
tor of no mean proportion by the canning interests. 
Meanwhile the secretary and treasurer. Mr. Palmer, 
had moved from the vicinity, and Mr. S. J. Cook, one 
of the first promoters of the association, was elected to 
the office and made sole manager. c. R. berger. 
THE WAR AND COMMERCE. 
AKERS of white glass are in difficulty because of 
the scarcity of oxide of manganese, made in Ger¬ 
many. The price has gone from $28 to $210 per 
ton. One ton is required for every 20 of the glass. 
Because of the danger to shipping in the North Sea. 
there is getting to be a shortage of wood pulp from 
Sweden, which furnishes two-thirds of the imports into 
the United States. Wood pulp prices have doubled, un¬ 
bleached now selling at 2% cents and bleached 3%. 
All paper except newsprint has advanced. The news 
print concerns make their own pulp here. The foreign 
pulp is used in wrapping paper of various kinds, and 
the best grade bleaehed. which comes mainly from Ger¬ 
many, in ledger, bond and other high quality writing 
paper. 
Jute used in baling cotton has become so scarce that 
cotton may he put up in its own fiber this year. The 
jute comes from India and the Far East. 
Germany's exports to Great Britain have amounted 
to about $400,000,000 per year. Some items during 
1913 were: Timber. $230,000; clocks. $1S0.000; steel 
girders. $160,000; steel bars, $700,000; woolen rags, 
$130,000: silk manufactures, $000,000; paper. $620.- 
000. leather. $600,000. 
The following nations have decreed a moratorium, or 
suspension of debt collection by legal process, for per¬ 
iods of one to two months to prevent undue pressure on 
debtors who. because of the war. are unable to meet 
their obligations as would be possible normally: Great 
Britain. France, Norway, Russia, Bulgaria, Egypt. 
Italy. Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Brazil, Argentina, 
Ecuador. 
The market on grains was less active during the 
week, the prices being so high as to check buying. 
Wheat declined from two to five cents. There are now 
ample shipping facilities to Europe, particularly from 
gulf ports, where boats are usually crowded with cot¬ 
ton at this season. Foreign buying of oats is very 
heavy at full last week’s prices. Demand for flour 
has slackened owing to the high prices demanded by the 
mills. 
Important exports from New York from August 1 
to 20 were: Sugar. 27.234,539 pounds: wheat. 755.681 
bushels; flour. 139.931 barrels; lard. 6.641.644 pounds; 
bacon. 4.422.500 pounds. The total value of all items 
was $0,193,032. Great Britain was the heaviest buyer, 
taking 20.371.234 pounds of sugar, 4.377.095 of lard. 
457,348 bushels of wheat, 26,424 barrels of flour. 3,- 
861,263 pounds of bacon. The Netherlands took 1,332,- 
015 pounds of lard; Denmark, 148,700; and West In¬ 
dies. 197.359. 
