1914 . 
THE RURAL 
NEW-YORKER 
1131 
Ruralisms 
GARDEN NOTES FROM NORTHERN OHIO. 
R adishes after beets and 
CARROTS—The following questions 
come to me from a gardener near Cleve¬ 
land, Ohio: 
“I have often read of radishes being a 
companion crop with beets and carrots. 
How would they be for a succession 
crop? Would they become affected with 
club-root if the beets and carrots were 
not?” 
In answer I should say no, on general 
principles, but I have not had any ex¬ 
perience with club-root, as I have bought 
very little manure, and having plenty of 
land have not been obliged to crop the 
same ground continuously. This inquir¬ 
ing gardener has the means of obtaining 
first hand information in unlimited quan¬ 
tity if he goes on to the Cleveland mar¬ 
ket. In the Akron market, which I at¬ 
tend, more than 100 gardeners may be 
found at 3 A. M., and they get together 
in small groups and hold very interesting 
experience meetings. There are a few 
who have short memories and forget the 
names of vegetables they market and the 
seedsman they bought from, as well as 
time of sowing, but as a rule gardeners 
answer questions freely and honestly and 
seem anxious to help their fellows. 
The Idle Hotbed. — I presume there 
are 50,000 hotbeds owned by rural read¬ 
ers which have not been thought of from 
a business standpoint since about the 
middle of June. Some paid their way no 
doubt, but all are loafing at present, 
whether they paid or did not. Now is 
the time to get busy with these and the 
cold frames as well. Pull out the weeds, 
loosen up the soil, add a little rich com¬ 
post well mixed in, and then spank down 
until the soil is compact. Mark off some 
rows six inches apart with the edge of a 
thin board, and sow with the earliest but¬ 
ton forcing radish. Then mark off more 
rows four inches apart and sow to the 
Early Curled (Silesian lettuce of some 
catalogs). Do not sow very much of the 
radishes, as they do not thrive as well 
as lettuce under Autumn conditions. If 
the bed is a large one part of the lettuce 
sown may be of the Grand Rapids va¬ 
riety. As soon as large enough the let¬ 
tuce should be thinned for eating, and if 
properly managed the Grand Rapids will 
continue until Christmas or later, accord¬ 
ing to the exposure and latitude. The 
sash should be put on at sowing and 
shaded until the plants are well started, 
when the glass may be taken off and left 
off until it is needed to keep up a grow¬ 
ing temperature. In the latitude north 
of Philadelphia the sashes may be kept on 
after September 25 without injury, giving 
very free ventilation in warm sunny days. 
L. B. PIERCE. 
White Fly; Potting Hydrangea. 
I S there anything that will control the 
small white fly in greenhouses? It is 
troublesome on plants, especially on 
Pelargoniums, Verbenas, tomatoes and 
eggplants. They are fairly covered with 
them. 2. What is the best time to re¬ 
pot Ilydranges hortensis? J. M. L. 
Long Island. 
The most effective remedy for green¬ 
house white fly is fumigation with hydro¬ 
cyanic acid gas. Some benefit is derived 
from spraying with whale-oil soap, 1% 
ounce to one gallon of water. While hy¬ 
drocyanic acid gas is a certain remedy 
for this pest, and also for mealy-bng and 
violet aphis, it should never be used ex¬ 
cept with all possible care and precau¬ 
tion. The gas is a deadly poison to man 
as well as to insects, and we have heard 
at least one report of the death of a 
florist who did not understand the deadly 
nature of the insecticide. The materials 
used are cyanide of potassium, sulphuric 
acid and water, in the proportion of one 
ounce OS per cent, cyanide, two ounces 
commercial sulphuric acid and four 
ounces of water. Put the water in a 
good-sized crock, pour the acid in slow¬ 
ly, stirring the mixture. Never pour the 
water into the acid, or dangerous spat¬ 
tering, which may be fatal to eyesight, 
will result. Tlace the proper amount of 
cyanide in a paper bag and suspend the 
bag over the crock with a string so ar¬ 
ranged that it may be lowered into the 
fluid from the door just as the operator 
goes out. The reason for this is the sud¬ 
den and deadly flow of the gas; in the 
one greenhouse fatality reported the op¬ 
erator put the cyanide in the liquid and 
then started to walk to the door, but was 
overcome before he reached it. Of course 
all ventilators are closed. The exact 
amount of poison for a greenhouse must 
be ascertained by trial; much depends on 
the tightness of the house, while some 
plants are injuriously affected by the 
gas. It is advised by Prof. O’Kane to 
begin with one-fourth to one-half ounce 
of cyanide to 1,000 cubic feet. Keep the 
house closed for two hours, then open 
and air, and note results. If the plants 
are uninjured and the insects not all 
killed, a little stronger application may 
be used. Do the fumigation at night, 
when leaf surfaces are dry; airing may 
be done the same night, or early the next 
morning. I)o not enter the house to open 
ventilators until open doors have liber¬ 
ated gas; enter cautiously, and never for¬ 
get the dangerous nature of this fumiga¬ 
tion. 2. Young plants of Hydrangea hor¬ 
tensis for Easter blooming, from cuttings 
taken in February and March, are re¬ 
potted in eight-inch pots the end of Sep¬ 
tember, kept shaded until established, 
then exposed to sun. Older plants, that 
have been kept dormant through the Win¬ 
ter, are repotted in Spring, the old growth 
being cut back to one or two pairs of 
buds. 
Pruning Cane Fruits. 
1 IIAVE just bought a suburban home 
where the former owner has set out 
blackberries, red raspberries, black 
raspberries and strawberries. When 
should I trim out the old canes; that is, 
those that had fruit on this year? The 
grass has become a sod in between the 
rows. Should I plow this up this Fall or 
wait till Spring? How may I start young 
black raspberry roots? In the blackber¬ 
ries, young shoots have come up all over 
and they are a solid mass. Should I cut 
out those in between the rows now or 
in the Spring? a. b. 
McGraw, N. Y. 
The old canes that have fruited this 
year should be removed as soon after 
fruiting as possible. This permits the 
young shoots to get the full benefit of air 
and sunshine, and stronger canes for next 
year’s fruiting will be the result. I would 
plow the old sod that has come in be¬ 
tween the rows of plants this Fall, after 
growth has stopped. The action of frost 
and weather this Winter will help to 
break it up and make it more workable 
next Spring. Any shoots left after plow¬ 
ing can be cut out this Winter. It would 
also be an advantage to cut out all weeds 
and sod in the row of plants. This can 
be done in late Fall or early Spring. If 
the material is available, a mulch of 
straw or strawy manure along the rows 
of plants, covering the space between the 
row and the cultivated area, will be quite 
an aid in holding moisture and keeping 
down weeds. 
Black-cap raspberries are grown mostly 
from root-tips. When the cane reaches 
a certain stage in its growth it is bent 
over and covered with a little soil. If 
necessary a stone is put on it to hold it 
in place. In order to get the best plants 
there should «be at least six weeks of 
growing weather after the tip of the cane 
is laid down. These rooted tips can be 
cut from the old cane next Spring and if 
desired they can be put in a nursery row 
in order to obtain additional size and 
vigor before being set out in the perman¬ 
ent plantation. Such plants are known 
as “transplants.” trucker, jr. 
Preparing Catnip for Market. 
W ILL you tell me how to prepare cat¬ 
nip for the market? I have raised 
a large quantity and would like to 
know how to prepare it for sale. What 
part is used, is it just blossoms, or blos¬ 
soms and leaves? Are any small stems 
allowed, and what are the size and weight 
of the package? f. a. h. 
Pomfret. Vt. 
Catnip and similar herbs for market 
purposes, are cut, when in full bloom, 
high enough above the soil to avoid most 
of the coarse, bare lower stems, and after 
partially curing in the swath, the drying 
is finished in an airy shed or loft in order 
to retain the natural green color as far 
as possible. When thoroughly dry, the 
herb is best pressed in bales of 100 to 200 
pounds weigh. If in smaller quantity, it 
may be tightly pressed in burlap sacks 
or ventilated boxes. In packing throw 
out all coarse and bare stems, retaining 
only the leafy shoots and blooms. Dried 
herbs keep and travel best when tightly 
pressed, but with provision for ample 
ventilation. The prices received by grow¬ 
ers for catnip usually range from three 
to five cents the pound. v. 
These nails prove why your roofs 
should be of ARMCO Iron 
Rust has eaten up the round steel nail. The wrought 
iron nail is still good, although three times as old. 
The reason for the superiority of the wrought iron nail 
is that the iron in it is practically pure. It is impurities 
that hasten rust. 
Apply this lesson of the nails to your roofing, and roof 
your buildings with Armco Iron. 
ARMCO IRON 
Resists Rust 
Armco Iron has been, and still is, widely known as American 
Ingot Iron. Armco Iron is purer, hence more rust-resisting than the 
iron in the nail or the iron in the good old-fashioned tin roofs that 
are still good after seventy years or more of rain, sun and snow. 
Iron Steel 
Armco Galvanizing Protects 
Armco Roofing has galvanizing that pro¬ 
tects it much more than galvanizing can or¬ 
dinary sheet metals. 
American Ingot Iron, because of its purity, 
shows practically no dissolution when the 
zinc is applied. Therefore, the coating of 
zinc is purer than the galvanizing on ordi¬ 
nary iron and steel. 
How to get Armco Iron 
You can get Armco Iron products from 
your hardware store or your tinner. If you 
have difficulty in getting Armco Iron, write 
to us for names of manufacturers and deal¬ 
ers who handle it. 
The trade mark ARMCO carries the assurance that 
Iron bearing that mark is manufactured by The Ameri¬ 
can Rolling Mill Co. with the skill, Intelligence and 
fidelity associated with its products, and, hence, can be 
depended upon to possess in the highest degree the 
merit claimed for it. It has behind it the guarantee of 
that company concerning the purity of the iron and the 
accuracy and thoroughness with which each step in its 
manufacture has been conducted* 
Valuable Books FREE 
Get our Free book, “ Iron Roofs that Re¬ 
sist Rust. ” Tells all about American In¬ 
got Iron Roofing. There are a dozen styles or 
more—corrugated, flat sheet, roll, V-crimp, 
black sheet, shingles—single or in cluster, 
g alvanized or teme plate, etc. When you 
ave selected the roof you want, your dealer 
can get it for you. The Armco trade mark 
—as shown below—is stenciled on every 
sheet of American Ingot Iron roofing. 
Armco Iron is used in stoves and ranges, 
furnaces and refrigerators, silos and water 
tanks, culverts, flumes, wire fences—wher¬ 
ever rust-resisting iron is needed. All these 
uses are told about in our book— “A Jour¬ 
ney to Armco Farm. ” We will gladly send 
it free with our roofing booklet if you care 
for better, rust-resisting metal articles. 
The American 
Rolling Mill Co. 
Box 532 Middletown. Ohio 
Licensed Manufacturers un¬ 
der Patents granted Interna¬ 
tional Metal Products Co.. 
Armco Iron wire fencing made 
by Page Woven Wire Fence Co. Namei of 
other manofactnren who me Armco tent upon reqneit 
$ There's Money In 
Crushing Limestone 
For Others 
$ 
WHEELINCsto^CRUSHER, will MAKE it 
- -— - - 53 FOR YOU 
‘BUILT LIKE A. BATTLESHIP” 
Get into the crushing business. Remem¬ 
ber the fortunes that were made in 
threshing when the threshing machine 
was new. The same opportunity exists today for 
the man who owns a 
Wheeling Crusher. Lime 
doubles crops — costs 
but little, crush¬ 
ed with a Wheeling 
—cheapest and sur¬ 
est soil food. 
Our No. 2 enables you to start small 
Add capacity as you grow. Impossible 
with other crushers. Crushes any size— 
equally good for concrete, road work or lim¬ 
ing. Your engine will run it Built of steel 
— like a battleship — not cast iron. 
Light and EASY running. 
SIZES FOR EVERY 
CRUSHING CONDI¬ 
TION. — 
GET FULL 
PARTICULARS. 
Write for This Book 
Mixing Brains with Farming.” Free on Request. 
Tells all about crushing profits and why a Wheeling, built by 
the pioneers in the business, does best work. 
WHEELING MOLD & FOUNDRY CO. 
603 Raymond Street WHEELING, W. VA. 
rar m< '9 
/'Vvr 
A money-maker for 
fall or winter 
work 
The leg is used for bracing the 
table to neutra¬ 
lize the vi¬ 
bration 
caused by engine 
pull on frame 
TESTED SAW MACHINES REQUIREMENT 
Situated in the heart of Vermont, we’ve studied wood sawing problems at 
first hand ever since 1840. There’s a Gray Saw- 
Machine for every need—and everyone has 
proved its worth under exacting tests. 
Illustration at top of ad shows Gray Attach¬ 
able Saw Rig mounted with our 5 and 6 H. P. 
Engine. Rig can be attached to your own 
truck frame or wagon by home-made support- 
hreshers, Howe Powers, Saw ing frame. Balance wheel provided wit h drive 
Machines, Ensilage Cutters, pulley. Gray Circular Saw Machine with slide 
table shown at right; extended table,, 
allows one person to do sawing 
left is Gray Independent Drag 
Saw Machine with power log 
feed. Write now for Free Cata-:’ 
log describing these money-making 1 ? 
labor-saving machines. 
A. W. GRAY’S SONS 
14 South St., Middletown Springs, Vt. 
Gasoline 
Engines 
