1914. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
113 3 
THE LAND BANK. 
T ill*] work of organizing the Land Hank of the 
State of New York is progressing most favorably; 
30 associations with resources of $16,000,000 
have signified their intention to become charter mem¬ 
bers. About $69,000 has been subscribed to the capi¬ 
tal by these associations, and others are only waiting 
formal meetings to authorize their membership. Hon. 
Walter L. Durack has been assigned by the Agricultural 
Department to /ill engagements with local associations 
which require definite information on the subject. He 
already has the following appointments: 
Newburgh . .., 
. September 
IL 
21. 
Monday 
Kingston . 
Tuesday 
Troy . 
23, 
Wednesday 
Glens Falls.. 
il 
24. 
Thursday 
Utica . 
tt 
25, 
Friday 
Watertown . . . 
<i 
28, 
Monday 
()gdensburg. . 
it 
29, 
Tuesday 
Syracuse . 
CL 
30, 
Wednesday 
Geneva. 
. October 
1, 
Thursday 
Rochester. ... 
il 
*> 
Friday 
Batavia . 
it 
5v 
Monday 
Albion . 
Tuesday 
Buffalo . 
CL 
7, 
Wednesday 
Dunkirk . 
8v 
Thursday 
Gowanda . . .. 
a 
9, 
Friday 
Salamanca. . . 
a 
12, 
Monday 
Alfred . 
it 
13, 
Tuesday 
Corning . 
tt 
14, 
Wednesday 
Elmira . 
a 
15, 
Thursday 
Oneonta . 
tt 
16 , 
Friday 
Port Jervis. . . 
a 
17, 
Katurday 
le time would 
be just right for 
Granges and farm 
dubs and other farm organizations to get the benefit 
of Judge Du rack’s itinerary. If any of these organiza¬ 
tions in the State would like to bold a meeting, and 
bear Judge Durack, applications could be made at The 
I t. N.-Y. office or at the State Agricultural Depart¬ 
ment; and dates can be arranged 1 . The expense of this 
organization work is being paid out of the appropria¬ 
tion secured by Governor Glynn during the last session 
of the Legislature for cooperation in the State. The 
Land Bank will soon be organized and we should have 
several farm associations as charter members. As yet 
we have only two. Farmers should make a point of 
attending the above meetings as individuals or in a 
body of their organizations. In other sections the farm¬ 
ers’ organizations may arrange meetings of their own ; 
and we shall be glad to cooperate in making the ar¬ 
rangements. If the people of the State fully appreciated 
the value of this system of realty credits, there would 
be an association in every neighborhood. This will 
come in the future, but the sooner the organizations are 
made the sooner we shall get the benefits; and the larger 
the number of associations, the greater will be the bene¬ 
fits. When all the people of the State who want mort¬ 
gage credit are registered under this system, the bonds 
of the Land Bank will sell at as low a rate of interest 
as National bonds, and they will be as good an invest¬ 
ment, and in some features better. 
THE NEW OPEN MARKETS. 
E NCOURAGING progress has been made in the 
development of New York’s free markets for the 
sale of foods. Other sections of the city are now 
asking for markets similar to the four referred 
to last week. More farmers have brought in loads 
during the week, and it is expected that, as the mar¬ 
kets become more widely known as a feature of the 
city’s business, many other farmers will make arrange¬ 
ments to come, as they will be practically sure of selling 
out within a reasonable time. 
Meats have been added to the products sold, prices 
running two to four cents under the regular butcher 
shops, and fish from New Jersey coast points will prob¬ 
ably be offered soon. Fishermen promise to sell the 
standard sorts caught at this season for eight to 12 
cents per pound, or one cent per pound less if not 
cleaned. A large fresh fish trade could be worked up 
at such prices, as the majority of buyers are unable to 
get anything but cold storage fish, which carries more 
or less risk of ptomaine poisoning. 
The situation in the city is developing nicely for the 
luindling of produce direct from farmers’ cooperative 
associations of the State through the new Market Com¬ 
mission provided for in the Food and Market law of 
this year. The organization of this department has 
been necessarily delayed in order to give producers an 
opportunity to form their local associations and be in 
a position to take up aggressive work in the selling 
markets. Ay sin this measure was put through in record 
time, and the opposition to the successful operation of 
it has been persistent and determined from some of 
the old influences of distribution, and some time was 
necessary to study the situation so as to frustrate the 
opposition and start the work on a plan that would 
promise permanent success. Governor Glynn is great¬ 
ly interested in the success of this new department. It 
was his interest in the measure that secured its adop¬ 
tion by the last Legislature, and he is deeply concerned 
about its successful organization. The City of New 
York has now made a small beginning along this line 
of distributing farm food products direct from the 
farm to consumers with the least possible delay, and 
cost of handling. Efforts, however, so far have been 
confined to inducing local producers to bring their pro¬ 
ducts t« the markets in wagons. This is well enough 
as tar as it goes, but such means can never fully supply 
the New \ork markets. Provision must 1*** made to 
i eceivft shipments by water and rail from distant points. 
I his will only require terminal and cold storage facili¬ 
ties and opportunities of the farmers’ cooperative asso¬ 
ciations will then be complete. Now that the Summer 
rush of farm work is over in the country, and the Sum¬ 
mer vacation period is past in the city, these plans will 
be pushed vigorously. Govorner Glynn, the State Agri¬ 
cultural Department and the State Cooperative Com¬ 
mittee are all anxious for the organization of the work, 
and are devoting their best energies to its success. If 
the city does its part, as now seems likely, in providing 
facilities, the producer’s 35-cent dollar will pass into 
history as far as the New York market is concerned. 
Farm food products will flow direct from the farms 
through these open markets to the tables of the city 
consumer, and the legitimate and economic cost of dis¬ 
tribution will be the only cost of the service. 
“ WAR TAXES.” 
T HE war in Europe will prevent heavy imports into 
this country, and thus reduce the revenue obtained 
from the tariff. It will be necessary to raise 
money for national expenses to meet this deficit, 
and President Wilson suggested a system of war taxes. 
At the outbreak of the Spanish War taxes of this kind 
were levied very largely in the form of stamp taxes. 
This proved unpopular and inconvenient, although it 
gave immediate revenues. The taxing power rests with 
Congress, and the party in power will be expected to 
devise a system of taxation and be made responsible for 
it. It was at first proposed to increase the revenues 
from the income tax. At present incomes nnder $4,000 
a year are not taxed, and the first suggestion was to 
tax incomes of $2,000 per year for single men, and 
$3,000 per year for married men. The balance of the 
revenue was to be obtained very 1 irgely by increasing 
the tax on liquors. President Wilson, however, ob¬ 
jected to the increase of this income tax, because it 
would fall hard upon the salaried class, and because 
such revenues would not be immediately available. The 
party is disposed to do what Mr. Wilson tells them, and 
it is. now expected that the increased income tax will 
be given up, and larger revenue obtained from liquors 
by including whiskey and other spirits, while the bal¬ 
ance will be levied on tickets for amusements, toilet 
articles, possibly soft drinks, and other articles of wide 
distribution which cannot be called necessities. It has 
also boon proposed to levy a tax of 2% on the freight 
carried by railroads. The exact scheme lias not yet 
been worked out, but it now seems definitely settled 
that neither the old stamp tax, nor the increased income 
tax will be levied. 
THE WAR AND COMMERCE. 
U NDER the amended shipping laws about 40 vessels 
will be registered under the American Flag dur¬ 
ing the coming week. These will be used mainly 
in South American trade, which merchants in this 
country are working actively to increase. Norway has 
several merchant ships that will be offered for sale to 
this country in case the plan for Governmental owner¬ 
ship is adopted. 
Since last week wheat advanced to the highest point 
of the season, $1.29, but dropped three cents later. 
Buying of oats for war purposes has continued heavy, 
with price advances of one to two cents per bushel. 
Sales of flour have been smaller and prices on a gener¬ 
ally lower basis. 
Various plans are being worked out to save the cotton 
growers from the clutches of the speculators this year. 
Citizens in Memphis, Atlanta and some other sections 
are contributing to build warehouses where cotton 
can be stored until prices advance to somewhere near 
its normal value. The growers can store in those 
places and get money when necessary on warehouse re- 
ceipts. Where th : s plan is used the patrons will have 
to make agreements to reduce the acreage of next year’s 
planting. 
AH is uncertainty so far as European demand for 
our raw cotton is concerned. Some increased business 
in the Liverpool cotton market is noted, but Europe as 
a whole is too busy with other tilings to pay much at¬ 
tention to industry. 
NEW YORK STATE NEWS. 
U NIVERSITY CONVOCATION.—The State Uni¬ 
versity convocation will be held in the auditorium 
of the State Education Building October 22-23. 
The program will include Prof. Geo. It. Palmer, 
of Harvard on “What is a Profession?” Herbert Quick, 
of Springfield, O., on “Rural Schools”; Mrs. E. M. 
Hardman is expected to lead in the discussion on this 
subject. Otis E. Hall, of Crawfordsville, Iud.. will 
treat “Rural School Consolidation.” “Educational Ef¬ 
ficiency” will be the topic of Prof. C. W. Kent, of the 
University of Virginia. Brief addresses will be deliv¬ 
ered by Gov. Glynn and Commissioner Finley. 
STATE FAIR INCOME.—There was a marked de¬ 
crease in gate receipts at the State Fair this year sis 
compared with last. However, owing to the lessened 
expenses, the Fair Commission will be enabled to turn 
over to the State a considerable fund. The gate re¬ 
ceipts were a bout,$8,000 less than last year. In addi¬ 
tion to making up the deficiency of $20,000 between 
the $50,000 to be paid out in premiums and the legis¬ 
lative appropriation of $30,000, it is probable that some¬ 
where between $5,000 and $10,000 will be turned back 
to the State. The total attendance of the week was 
161,082 as against 177,S23 last year. The total gate 
receipts were $72,037.50 as against $80,550 last year. 
COLUMBIA COUNTY FAIR. The Columbia Coun¬ 
ty Fair, at Chatham, was one of the most successful 
exhibitions in its recent history. Opening on Labor 
Day, the attendance was very large and the following 
day, being Governor’s Lay, drew a good crowd. The 
exhibits were excellent in nearly every class. This fair 
has a reputation of having the greatest poultry show of 
any county and this year there were more exhibitors 
and more birds. The fruit display was hardly up to the 
average, while in vegetables it exceeded past years. 
SANITARY OFFICERS TO MEET.—The 14th 
annual conference of the sanitary officers of the State 
will be held at Saratoga Springs on September 15-17. 
It is expected that about 750 health officers will at¬ 
tend. The conference will be opened h.v State Commis¬ 
sioner of Health, Dr. Herman M. Biggs, who will in¬ 
troduce Gov. Glynn and he will take for his topic the 
“Health Department and the State.” Among the other 
speakers on the program are Geo. Foster Peabody, Dr. 
Albert W. Ferris, Miss Julia C. Lathrop, of Washing¬ 
ton. D. C., Dr. Leonard P. Ayres, of the Russell Sage 
Foundation, Dr. S. Josephine Baker, of the New York 
City Health Department, Prof. A. C. Abbott, of the 
University of Pennsylvania. Trot’. Geo. C. Whipple, of 
Harvard. Dr. John W. Trask of I he U. S. public health 
service. Washington, 1>. C. Prof. Henry N. Ogdon, of 
Cornell on “Farm Sanitation,” and Dr. S. A. Knopf, 
of New York on “Tuberculosis in Rural Communities.” 
One afternoon will be devoted to the discussion of the 
new milk regulations of the public health council which 
go into effect Nov. 1. j. \v. u. 
A SUCCESSFUL FARMERS’ CO-OPERATION., 
The Way to Combine is to Get Together. 
Part II. 
SAVING IN FERTILIZERS.—Commercial fertil¬ 
izer is used in large quantities by truck growers, and 
the association succeeded in purchasing about 200 tons 
for its members, at a great saving over local agent’s 
prices. This was partly due to the fact that all fer¬ 
tilizer was paid for when unloaded at the cars. A 
commission of two per cent., for handling the fertilizer, 
was charged tin; grower but it was found at the end 
of the year that this was not enough to defray ull ex¬ 
penses. So the board of directors voted to thereafter 
charge a commission o-f five per cent, on all fertilizer 
handled. 
WORK WITH FRUITS—Although tomatoes were 
the main cause of the organization, its energies were 
directed toward other products. When cherries, cur¬ 
rants, etc., began to ripen the real worth of the asso¬ 
ciation became apparent. The canneries were buying ail 
cherries they needed at 4 x /> cents per pound, but Mr. 
Cook for the association, sold three cars at five cents 
per pound plus the cost of packages. The canneries 
paid 11 cents per quart for red raspberries, but the 
association sold several cars at an average price of 13 
cents per quart. Tomatoes in 20-pound baskets were 
shipped as far south as New Orleans, and netted the 
growers $45 per ton. With these results the members 
became highly elated over the success of their organiza¬ 
tion, hut their enthusiasm was dampened somewhat 
later when three cars of tomatoes shipped south re 
suited in a total loss. On all produce sold the Asso¬ 
ciation charged a commission of five per cent., except 
on bulk tomatoes, on which the commission was two 
per cent, and it also endeavored as far as possible to 
mail checks to members within ten days after shipinent- 
EARNINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION.—At the end 
of 1612 it was found that 607 cars of produce had 
been disposed of, and a year’s business had been done 
that amounted to $101,138.86. The report showed sales 
<>f three cars cherries, one car currants, 21 cars berries, 
32 cars apples, 2!) cars basket tomatoes, 45 cars mixed 
produce, 476 cars bulk tomatoes, of which 436 cars went 
to the one Pittsburg firm. The net earnings for 1012 
were $2,403.24. The operating expense*, salaries of 
manager, stenographer, bookkeeper and day labor, and 
losses were $2,570.78. This showed a deficit of $167.54. 
However, at the first annual meeting in December, 1012, 
with 200 members present, it was unanimously voted to 
continue the association. On January first. 1013, the 
stock book showed that 284 shares of stock had been 
issued. At a directors’ meeting in January, 1013, the 
president, secretary and treasurer and manager were 
re-elected. 
A BRANCH ESTABLISHED.—In February Port¬ 
land Grange voted to petition the association to estab¬ 
lish a branch at Portland. This town is almost 30 
miles west of Silver Creek and it was feared that the 
main office of the association would be too far distant to 
aid the farmers of Portland mat rially. But after a 
couple of meetings had been held more than 30 Port¬ 
land farmers joined the association, and during 1913 
these growers received all the benefits of the organiza¬ 
tion. During last year over 600 tons of fertilizer were 
purchased and distributed to the members at a saving, 
over local fertilizer agent’s prices, of $5 or more per 
ton. This meant a saving of over $3,000 to the mem¬ 
bers on fertilizer alone in 1013. and a total of over 
$4,000 in the two years of 1912 and 1013. This 
amounted to practically $10 per member, or twice the 
amount each had paid for his share of stock in the 
association. 
EFFECT ON CANNERIES.—Nine hundred acres 
of tomatoes were grown hist year for canneries and 
preserving firms. Of this amount 700 acres were for 
the Pittsburg firm that had given the association its 
first contract for 500 acres. The price last year was 
increased to $9.1.8 per ton. which netted the grower $9 
per ton after the association’s commission of two per 
cent, was deducted. By this time the local canneries 
had begun to ftsd the effect of the growing organization 
and were compelled to pay $9 per ton for tomatoes, anil 
in a couple of instances the canneries condescended to 
contract part of their supply from the association, main¬ 
ly because they were compelled to, in order to secure 
all they wanted. During September and October last 
year the tomato business of the association was almost 
stupendous. The Pennsylvania Railroad ran entire 
trains of tomatoes to Pittsburg daily, and at times 
these trains were composed of from 25 to 35 cars, all of 
them being loaded by the association. To show the 
growth of the association I will give the report of the 
amount of business done in 1013 as follows: 
MATERIALS PURCHASED FOR MEMBERS. 
30 Gars fertilizer .$12,562.62 
2 Cars sheep manure . 707.95 
2 Cars baskets . 870.26 
1 Far crates . 298.80 
2 Gars lime. 410.50 
Seed il,8.36 
Spraying materials. 253.66 
Paint . 154.24 
Tomato plants . 5,061.44 
Total .,$22,03G.83 
PRODUCE SOLD. 
8 Gars grapes 
5 Cars cabbage 
1 Gar corn 
7 Gars berries 
6 Cars cherries 
2 Mixed cars currants and cherries 
4 Mixed cars carrots, beets and parsnips 
24 Mixed ears currants, plums and gooseberries 
47 Mixed cars pears, tomatoes, grapes and corn 
47 Cars basket tomatoes 
667 Cars bulk tomatoes 
SIS Cars, amounting to .$128,846.17 
Total .$150,883.00 
The profits for the year were $5,396.37. The operat¬ 
ing expenses, salaries, losses, etc., were $4,522.95. This 
left a net profit of $873.42. 
January first, 1914, the assets were.$3,211.85 
The liabilities were . 2,505.97 
The surplus being . $705.88 
There are now practically 500 members, which means 
that $2,500 of capital stock is paid in. With a sur¬ 
plus of over $700 a five-dollar share is actually worth 
about $6.30. 
