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.WHAT IS AN EDUCATION ? 
Part II. 
By Dr. E. H. Jenkins. 
The Imaginative Mind. —The mind 
of the great investigator is an imagina¬ 
tive mind; the mind of the successful far¬ 
mer is an imaginative mind. His calling 
requires a knowledge of economics, the 
laws of business, demand and supply, 
forecasting crops and markets, and abil¬ 
ity to act rightly almost by instinct in 
■ mergencies. He needs all the college can 
give him of the facts of entomology, bot¬ 
any, chemistry, genetics, and so on. but 
be needs just as much a sober, reasoning 
imaginative mind to see them all in their 
relation to each other and to the prob- 
1 ‘ins of his farm. Let me give you a 
homely and very inadequate illustration 
which comes to mind. Looking over the 
strawberry beds of a farmer near one of 
our cities, I said: “These old beds you’ll 
plow up this year, won’t you? They’ll 
hardly pay to keep.” “Nope,” he replied, 
"strawberries will be high this Summer 
; nd too few of ’em.” “How so?” “Wellj 
tlid grip and pneumonia were mighty 
fatal this year. The factories for coffin 
trimmings in town have been running 
nights. Those operatives have got money 
to spend on fresh fruit as soon as it 
comes to market.” And this leads me to 
the exhortation which I wish I had heard 
and heeded in my own college days. Do 
not shirk nor little value as means for a 
truly practical education the “cultural” 
as distinguished from the vocational 
studies. Your mathematics, for instance, 
which you may never use again, but 
which teach accuracy and logic. 
Needed Knowledge. —Do not shirk 
your English composition. You do not 
really known a thing until you can ex¬ 
press it in clear, concise, accurate Eng¬ 
lish. Clear writing and clear thinking 
go together. Get a reading knowledge of 
one other language, at least, so that you 
may have acquaintance with its best liter¬ 
ature and its technical journals even if 
you have to wait some years for the 
chance to read them. Whatever of his¬ 
tory, of economics, of logic, of any so- 
called cultural study you can get will 
equip you better for your vocation. Your 
educators believed it. or they would not 
have put them into the course at all. 
They cannot do much with them in the 
crowding of other things. Rut they open 
the door to you and. because not much 
emphasis can lx* put on them in the class¬ 
room, do you put all the more on them 
in your outside study and reading. De¬ 
vour good English literature Saturdays 
and Sundays and in all vacations, both 
for its form and substance. If you don’t 
get the reading habit before you leave 
(his college you will probably never get 
it, and you will suffer a leanness of spirit 
for all your life. 
A Taste for Literature. —Do not 
'•ven leave out of account the training of 
your imagination. Read good poetry as 
a part of the preparation for practical 
farming. The ideal investigator and the 
ideal farmer have that rare balance of 
active imagination and passive scepti¬ 
cism which can grasp a vision but dis¬ 
passionately dissect it and prove its 
worth. The farmer needs it as well as 
(he investigator. The most successful 
fruit grower in my State has the imag¬ 
ination to picture the condition of his 
trees and just what they need at any 
season of fertilizer, of mulching, of head¬ 
ing, etc. lie is a failure in farm insti¬ 
tutes, for he cannot give receipts and 
rules, but he has a personal acquaintance 
with his trees which comes from read¬ 
ing, thinking and scientific imagining 
and brings him success. Your cultural 
studies faithfully followed will, I be¬ 
lieve, do more than any other to refresh 
your mind and keep you from “going 
stale” in the routine of business. They 
will lift you above the pettiness of life. 
They will help you to watch and to do 
your part in guiding with intelligence 
public affairs—what Lanier calls “The 
great soft rumble of the course of 
ibings.” They will give you amid the 
small, mixed, petty details of business, 
occasional clear visions of the meaning 
of life and perhaps of that “far off divine 
. vent to which the whole creation moves.” 
“Take not that vision from my ken; 
O wliatso’er my spoil or speed. 
Help me to need no aid from men 
That I may help such men as need.” 
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UTILITY WYANDOTTES. 
1 ITAVE been an admirer of White 
Wyandottes for many years and in my 
estimation The II. N.-Y. is manifest¬ 
ing fairness and loyalty to the breed, in 
discussing its performances in the pend¬ 
ing egg contests, relative to practical or 
utility versus the exaggerated dumpling 
exhibition type. The fads, fancies and 
fashions of breeders are many times as 
devoid of good sense as are the same in 
the realm of human attire and custom. 
Surely you have not been “knocking” the 
producing White Wyandotte. And when 
you get after the drones and loafers 
with only Standard of Perfection points I 
must give expression to a hearty amen. 
Some years ago I met a fancier who took 
some of the principal prizes at the Pitts¬ 
burg poultry show, and he told me he had 
a laying strani from Michigan, if I 
mistake not, which were far better layers 
than the exhibition strain from which he 
selected his Pittsburgh winners. His 
winners were bred from the flocks of the 
breeder from whose stra ; n Barron ob¬ 
tained his foundation stock. Those lay¬ 
ers were not as white as the winners yet 
their status as purebreds remained white 
—unsullied. Do those breeders afflicted 
with dumpling mania desire their clioseii 
breed to go the way of some of the fash¬ 
ionably fluff feathered-to-the-toe-points 
Asiatics which were relegated to “injiqq- 
uous (Tcsuetu.Te” in times gone by? The 
exaggerated dumpling type is neither 
highly productive nor handsome—the two 
requirements of present day popularity in 
poultry. One detractor writes that Bar¬ 
ron’s system of selection for laying W.van- 
dottes would finally result in a Leghorn 
in type. If th ; s were true then the Hol¬ 
stein and Ayrshire bred for the same pur¬ 
pose would also be one type, and the same 
would apply to the Guernsey and Jersey. 
Grantsville, Md. J. n. M. 
FAT LAYING HENS. 
T J you think there is any danger of 
Leghorns getting too fat where they 
have constant access to dry mash, 
and have the mixed grain ration scattered 
over the bare yard instead of in litter? 
T have been feeding a little less than l 1 /^ 
quarts morning and night to 25 Brown 
Leghorns in this way. and green feed at 
noon, with water, shells and grit always 
before them, also dry mash. One died on 
the nest a few days ago and on opening 
her, found her very fat. But if we feed 
less grain they will eat too large a pro¬ 
portion of the dry mash. Do you con¬ 
sider the charcoal much benefit? They 
lay very well: last year our hens aver¬ 
aged 145 eggs apiece, and I think they 
will do as well this year, but in the light 
of the contest I begin to think they 
should do better than that. 
MRS. F. ,J. n. 
Eowls are something like people; some 
will get too fat ou rations that are just 
right for others. One has to feel quite 
a number of his fowls to tell whether they 
are getting too fat or not. I used to have 
trouble with White Wyandottes. esp'-mal¬ 
ly just after they were through n.. Iting. 
It required special care in fee - ’ ng to get 
them started to lay after the m<>lt. There 
was a natural tendency to take on fat, 
instead of devoting the food to the pro¬ 
duction of eggs. When we come to think 
about it, we see that this taking on of 
fat is nature’s way of protecting the 
fowl against the cold of the coming Wiu- 
ter. One of the good things about Leg¬ 
horns is that there is very much less 
trouble in this direction. My Leghorns 
have all the dry mash they can eat, and 
I feed mash also, at noon, oats that have 
been scalded since the night before, they 
are well swelled out, and I pour in enough 
hot water to cover the oats, then at noon 
time, all the scraps from the table go 
in the pail of oats, and a mixture of 
cornmeal, bran and middlings is stirred 
in until the mash is crumbly. My fowls 
stand around at noontime and wait for 
this mash and clean up the last particle 
of it. I feed it to everything, young 
and old. This boiled oats and wet mash, 
is Mr. Barron’s way of feeding; but lie 
feeds it at night. Fowls that will not 
eat dry oats, will eat them when boiled 
and fed in this manner. If E. .T. B.’s 
hens really are too fat, I should cut down 
the proportion of cornmeal in the dry 
mash, and of cracked corn in the dry 
grain. It should not be forgotten that a 
laying hen needs to be fat. or what we 
call “in good condition.” because the 
yolk of an egg is more than half fat. and 
ii good layer will take the fat out of her 
own body if she does not have enough 
fat in her food. In other words, she 
will lay herself poor and thin in flesh, 
even taking all the yellow fat coloring 
matter out of her legs; all the best lay¬ 
ers among your Leghorns.will have near¬ 
ly white legs in the Fall. Charcoal I 
consider a very important addition to the 
ration. I have seen it completely alter 
the “too soft” conditions of the drop¬ 
pings in 24 hours after feeding it. In 
the absence of litter, you can take a 
hoe and haul the earth up into a pile, 
scattering the grain through it; the hens 
will level it off: they would if there was 
no grain in it, just out of feminine curi¬ 
osity. GEO. A. COSGROVE. 
mokei* 
I money b 
I*. 
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