1914. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1245 
Pacific Apples in South America. 
A S evidence of the aggressiveness of the Northwest¬ 
ern fruit growers, a resident manager has been 
placed in Buenos Aires to look after the interests 
of the Exchange the entire year. Northwestern 
fruit has sold in Buenos Aires and Rio at notoriously 
high prices heretofore, owing to monopoly of the New 
York and London middlemen, buying at low figures in 
the West, the fruit having often sold in South America 
as high as $16 a box gold. 
This is but further evidence of the thorough prepar¬ 
ation those Western growers are making to dispose of 
their apples. They know the export trade to Europe 
is limited while the war lasts, and they must hunt for 
other markets. South America is a good field for cul¬ 
tivating the apple-eating habit. There is no reason 
why apples should not become as popular in the warm¬ 
er latitudes as oranges and bananas are in the temper¬ 
ate zones. Let any man think for a moment what will 
happen if the people of Brazil or Central America 
come to eat apples as freely as our people consume 
tropical fruit. Yet such a thing is entirely possible if 
systematic efforts are made to let these people of the 
Southern countries know what a good apple tastes like! 
The Western people are alive, and are doing this work 
well. If they are left to do it alone they will receive 
the benefit, for they will take care to preach the theory 
that the Pacific coast apples are supei’ior. What is the 
Atlantic coast doing about this? Acting as individuals 
alone, apple growers will never control new markets. 
New York State News. 
F ARM BUREAU NEWS.—The September Bulletin 
of the New York State Farm states that 15 boys 
were taken to the State Fair by the Farm Bureau 
manager of Erie County and were required to 
write an essay on their “agricultural observations at 
the fair” for which prize money to the value of $37 
was offered. A new Grange has been organized in Cat¬ 
taraugus County at Lyndon, largely through the ef¬ 
forts of Farm Bureau manager II. K. Crofoot; C. S. 
Regan, Farm Bureau councilman, was chosen Master 
of the Grange. The Farm Bureau of Monroe County 
made a fruit and grain exhibit at the Rohcester In¬ 
dustrial Exposition. A championship stock judging 
contest was conducted by the Farm Bureau man of 
Tompkins County at the county fair. It was for boys 
under IS, and there were 46 boys who had part in the 
contest. M. E. Chubbuck has resigned as manager of 
the Herkimer County Bureau and has become manager 
of the Chemung County Bureau to succeed Mr. Seo- 
ville. J. W. Doty of Niagara County succeeds Mr. 
Chubbuck in Herkimer. 
NEW BUILDING FOR AGRICULTURAL 
SCHOOL.—Plans for the new dairy building at the 
agricultural school at Delhi have been approved by 
Commissioner Huson and the board of control. This 
will be the first of several buildings to be erected from 
the appropriation made by the Legislature and is sub¬ 
sidiary to the main groups of administration, instruc¬ 
tion and laboratory buildings. 
THE GRAPE INDUSTRY.—About 300 carloads 
were forwarded during the week from Lake Erie Val¬ 
ley points of which Westfield is the center. The esti¬ 
mates made early in the season will hardly be realized, 
in respect to the size of the crop. The grape juice 
companies are starting in the price at from $30 to $35 
per ton. It is believed by experts that bulk grapes 
will run steady at $30 or a little more. The grape 
juice manufacturers promised the growers $35 at the 
opening of the season as a minimum price but later 
trade conditions did not warrant their taking all the 
acreage offered, so actual contracts were only 50 to 60 
per cent, of the offerings. 
APPLES FOR EXPORT—The demand for export 
apples is constantly increasing. The demand for space 
on steamers is in excess of their capacity, which is 
owing to the good prices which have been prevailing 
on the English and Scotch markets. Reports from the 
belt reveal a shortage of fancy Greenings, and this con¬ 
dition is said to prevail in the New England States as 
well. The weekly movements of apples to foreign ports 
totaled last week about 50,000 barrels and the total 
movement up to the close of that week was 123,361 
barrels. Of this number of barrels 35.254 went out 
from the port of New York. According to reliable re¬ 
ports it appears that Liverpool has had thus far 20.000 
more barrels than last year, but London has taken less 
by about one-half. Glasgow has about the same and 
Hamburg, notwithstanding the war, has had about 
four times as many barrels as last year. It may not 
be wholly fair to make comparisons with last year as 
the crop was much lighter then than now. 
HOPS ARE PROFITABLE.—Some hop growers in 
the vicinity of Waterville will make small fortunes this 
year from their hops. As the price is likely to start in 
around 50 cents per pound it means that a man who 
markets 20,000 pounds, and there are some such, will 
realize $10,000 from his crop. Added to this fact that 
nearly all hop growers also conduct dairy farms or 
grow varied crops on large acreages, it is quite evi¬ 
dent that there will be business for the Land Bank or 
some other bank in that section. Reports from Rich- 
mondville are to the effect that up to last week there 
had been very little doing in the hop market and the 
general anticipation of a better than 50 cent price is 
giving way to a feeling of another sort. 
BIG ALFALFA CROP.—A few years ago Alfalfa 
was a comparatively unknown crop, that is as grown 
to any extent. Now one county in this State—On¬ 
ondaga—will report a crop of Alfalfa worth $1,000,000. 
The county has an estimated acreage of Alfalfa of 15,- 
000 acres, which places it at the head of all counties 
in the State, not only, but it leads all other counties 
east of the Mississippi. The limestone belt that runs 
across the county makes an ideal soil for the growing 
of. this crop. As high as $22 and $24 have been re¬ 
ceived by Onondaga County farmers for Alfalfa this 
year. This county is also famous for its ap¬ 
ples. It is said that one orchard will produce 30.000 
bushels this year. There are 640 acres of apple trees, 
a total of 28,000 in number. J. w. l>. 
Government Crop Report. 
T HE last regular report for the season puts the 
total wheat crop at 892,000,000 bushels, about 
4,000,000 less than previous estimates. Septem¬ 
ber was favorable for fiinishing the corn crop, the 
estimate being 2,676,000,000 bushels, or 78.000,000 more 
than was expected in late August. Oats are put at 1,- 
137,000,000, the per acre yield being 29.6 bushels; bar¬ 
ley, 197,000,000 bushels, 19,000,000 more than last 
year; flax, 17.000,000 bushels; tobacco, 954,000,000 
pounds; and apples, 230,000.000 bushels, which is 10,- 
000.000 above the previous estimate. 
The cotton outlook in early October was for a yield 
of 7,400,000,000 pounds in our 14 cotton States. The 
area in cotton is about 36,960,000 acres, 1.3 per cent, 
less than last year, but the per acre yield is 200.2 
pounds of lint, 1S.2 more than in 1913. Texas leads 
in area, 12,052,000 acres; Georgia, 5,398,000; Alabama, 
3,912,000; Mississippi, 3,148,000; Oklahoma, 2,854,000; 
South Carolina, 2,826,000; Arkansas, 2,527,000; North 
Carolina, 1.5S9.000; Louisiana, 1.389.000; Tennessee, 
866.000; Florida, 194,000; Missouri, 124,000; Virginia, 
46.000; California, 35,000. 
Rosewood by the Cord. 
T HE picture shows a pile of rosewood in front of a 
New York steamer dock. The sticks shown are 
five to 10 feet long and run six inches to a foot 
in diameter. This rosewood came from the West Iu- 
ROSEWOOD IN THE ROUGH. Fig. 533. 
dies. The ends show crude ax work, as though done 
with poor tools or by inexperienced men. 
Modern Freight Storage. 
B UILDINGS for the handling and storage of freight 
at terminal points were formerly made low and 
often of wood, dingy and dirty inside and out. 
The picture shows one of the finest modern buildings 
for this purpose, 26th St. and Hudson River, N. Y. 
It is of reinforced cement and steel construction, nine 
stories high and strictly fireproof. One side is aceessi- 
CONCRETE RAILROAD WAREHOUSE. Fin. 534. 
Lie to trucks, and on the other, shown in the picture, 
cars are loaded and unloaded. Elevator service makes 
all of the floors quickly available. Cars from the rail¬ 
roads terminating in New Jersey are brought by light¬ 
ers to the New York side and run from the floats to 
the yard in which the building stands. 
The War and Commerce. 
E XPORTS from New York for two recent weeks 
amounted to $33,300,000. There is again a short¬ 
age of steamer space, owing to the number of ships 
taken for army transport. Present steamer rates 
to Liverpool are: Grain, 7 to S cents per bushel; flour 
in sacks per 100 pounds. 21 cents; bacon, beef, pork 
and lard. ton. $7.25; butter $14.50; cotton, compressed, 
70 cents per 100 pounds. 
Business in grain has been on nearer a normal basis 
than for a month previous. Export sales are averag¬ 
ing about 500.000 bushels daily, but at prices consid¬ 
erably under previous figures. Reports from the coun¬ 
tries at war indicate that great efforts are being made 
to increase the acreage of Fall sown grain, the work 
being done by prisoners of war and old men and others 
at home. On the whole the prospect for next year's 
foreign grain crops is much better than was anticipated. 
American factories in many lines are busy with war 
supply orders. Among other items are: 1,000.000 
blankets. 500.000 sweaters: 1,000.000 yards of tent 
cloth: 30,000 saddles and an equal quantity of artil¬ 
lery harness, horse shoes, hospital supplies, horses and 
mules, motor trucks, and coal. 
The London wool auctions opened their fifth series 
of sales for this year October 6. interest being large. 
Scoured crossbreds, and other wools suitable for use 
in existing home contracts, were higher, 10 to 30 per 
cent, above July sales. Merinos sold lower. England 
has nominally prohibited exports of raw wool, but it 
is understood that this does not apply to direct ship¬ 
ments from the colonies, and that exports of merino 
will be permitted except to hostile countries. Our mar¬ 
ket has been dull, with buyers taking only enough for 
immediate needs in hope of lower prices, which do not 
now seem probable, except on some grades not specially 
desired. In another week the situation will doubtless 
develop more definitely. 
By government decree the cotton area of Egypt for 
1915 will be limited to 1,000,000 acres. At present 
there are 1.750.000 acres in cotton. The 750.000 acres 
will be put in wheat and other cereals, of which Egypt 
imports largely. 
The British commission for handling the sugar short¬ 
age situation reports that 1.800,000.000 pounds were 
bought by the government. This is sold to the refiners 
who are obligated to dispose of the finished sugar at 
a normal profit. 
South Jersey Cranberries, 
W HAT is being accomplished by a strict application 
of scientific methods and the use of the most ap¬ 
proved machinery and appliances in the cultiva¬ 
tion. harvesting and marketing of cranberries to 
increase New Jersey’s already valuable output, was 
demonstrated to 200 persons recently at Joseph J. 
White’s extensive bog, a few miles beyond Brown’s 
Mills. This was the annual convention of the American 
Cranberry Growers’ Association. To those who had 
never seen the system and equipment which have 
brought to Mr. White the title of “Cranberry King” 
the inspection was a revelation. The scene was the 
settlement known as White’s Bogs, where there are 
about 25 houses, a general store and the immense build¬ 
ings used by Mr. White to handle the cranberries. 
There are about 1.000 acres in the White tract and 600 
are under cranberry cultivation. They show a remark¬ 
ably fine condition and barring unfavorable elements, 
he will gather about 40.000 bushels. 
The meeting was opened by an address of welcome by 
Frank S. Chambers, son-in-law of Mr. White, with a 
response by Mayor C. Fowler Cline, of Wenonah. 
President E. II. Durell, of Woodbury, delivered his an¬ 
nual address, which was very interesting. He spoke on 
the best up-to-date method of harvesting and gave many 
valuable pointers to the growers, who represented near¬ 
ly every bog and certainly all of the important interests 
of cranberry growing in all parts of the State. In his 
annual report Secretary A. J. Rider, of Hammonton, 
referred in a general way to existing conditions, and 
said that if New Jersey is to resume her place as a 
leader of cranberry production there must be a cleaner 
culture than can be found in many places. "Before we 
learned some things we know now,” said Mr. Rider, 
“a suggestion of this kind would have been turned down 
as theoretical, but it is pertinent now. We must have 
more intensive cultivation and spend less time and 
money in making over the bogs that have been over¬ 
run with brush, briers and bracken.” The crop report 
and forecast which formed a part of Mr. Rider’s re¬ 
marks was given out as being less dependable than in 
former years, this being due to the holding of the con¬ 
vention a week or 10 days earlier than usual. He said 
that 50 reports from New Jersey and Long Island grow¬ 
ers estimate the 1914 crop at 243.140 bushels, an in¬ 
crease of 27per cent, over last year. Limited re¬ 
ports from New England and Wisconsin make a forecast 
of their crops impossible. 
Dr. J. G. Lipman, director of the New Jersey Ex¬ 
periment Station, urged that the cranberry men organ¬ 
ize their experimental work for a series of years and co¬ 
operate with the Federal Agricultural Department, the 
New Jersey Station or the State College in providing 
for the permanency of experiments. He knew that some 
of the older members of the association owe something 
of their early success to the suggestions and assistance 
given by those who had directed the work of the ex¬ 
periment station in years gone by. There is now prom¬ 
ise of important and effective work through experiments 
being made and he wants the cranberry growers to as¬ 
sist in'getting the funds needed to produce even greater 
benefits. 
The insect question that is so puzzling to all cran¬ 
berry growers was touched in a brief address by Dr. 
J. T. Ileadlee. another representative of the New Jersey 
station. He gave the growers an important truth wlmn 
he said that they must familiarize themselves with the 
beginning of every devastation and know what is going 
to happen and what to do to stop it. “Every grower,” 
he said, “must keep in touch with all conditions and 
the progress of growth and act as such conditions de¬ 
mand. It generally happens that 75 per cent, of the 
injury by insects has been done before the real condi¬ 
tion is discovered, and for this reason it becomes the 
duty of the cranberry producers to keep awake if they 
desire to obtain a greater degree of success. You most 
know when the destructive work is beginning and then 
act to stop it.” 
H. B. Scammell, of the IT. S. Bureau of Entomology, 
gave the results of his investigation of the blackhead 
fire-worm, the girdle-worm and the new root-worm. 
He said that spraying with pure kerosene at the rate of 
180 gallons to the acre, with both sides of the foliage 
sprayed, will kill about 65 per cent, of these worms, 
and arsenate of lead at the rate of 16 pounds to 209 
gallons of spray is safe poison to use. but. while both 
do good work, neither produces an absolute control of 
the infestation. There is nothing so effective as re¬ 
flooding after the larvae are old. If young they will 
live under water for at least four days, and under such 
a condition it is necessary to hold the water for five or 
six days. 
Frank S. Chambers, chairman, made a committee re¬ 
port on attacks made on the child labor question as 
applied to cranberry picking by a well-known maga¬ 
zine in November last lie said that all of the charges 
made had been investigated, and it could be shown con¬ 
clusively that there is no foundation for the attack. He 
further said that the growers will welcome investigators 
with an honesty of purpose who are looking for true 
general conditions and not exceptional cases, and who 
are not the paid agents determined to get stories that 
are misleading and damaging and cause publishers to 
misrepresent. The experience has been that the fam¬ 
ilies of pickers look forward with pleasure to getting on 
the bogs. 
After luncheon in the large packing house by a 
Philadelphia caterer there was a tour of inspection of 
the bogs and the experimental fertilized plots handled 
tinder the direction of Prof. John II. Yoorhees of the 
New Jersey station. Much interest was shown in this 
part of the proceedings. It has been clearly demon¬ 
strated by Prof. Yoorhees that scientific fertilization 
will produce a greater yield of berries. He has several 
one-twentieth acre plots laid out for his experiments, 
and comparisons were made between the yield of fer¬ 
tilized and untreated plots side by side. The experiment 
with acid phosphate, which he suggested be used at the 
rate of about 250 pounds to the acre, seemed to attract 
tlie greatest attention among the growers generally. 
D. T. II. 
