1270 
THE RURAL NE W-YORRER 
Live Stock and Dairy 
FARM STOCK BREEDING. 
Part II. 
Genera! Principles. 
H EREDITY.—The modern idea ol 
heredity does not believe in the in¬ 
heritance of acquired characters. Of 
course, that will largely depend upon 
what we call acquired characters. Some 
of the characteristics of a species or 
class of animals have been acquired 
through long ages of natural selection 
and weeding out of the weaker ones, but 
the common usage of the word, “ac¬ 
quired'’ when applied to characters 
means those which are of a transitory na¬ 
ture much as the tricks of a dog. the 
hand-shaking of a horse and other 
achievements which may be brought on 
by training. The colt will not possess 
the acquired characters of the mother; 
that is, the colt of a trick mare will not 
necessarily be a trick colt although he 
may have acquired a tendency in that 
direction, and may be very easily trained 
to do tricks. I have seen colts of such 
mares very obstinate and scarcely able 
to learn anything. The feeding or other 
factors which enter into the making of 
the desirable adult besides the coming 
together of two desirable parents are ac¬ 
quired characters, and the answer to the 
question of their transmission is prob¬ 
ably no. 
Prenatal Influences. —While we 
must not deny that the nervous condition 
of the mother may have some effect upon 
the offspring, such prodigious effects as 
are often claimed for it would seem to 
be simply “out of the question.” Many 
freaks which are often called birth 
marks are more likely cases of rever¬ 
sion to some ancestor or cases of arrested 
development. 
Crossing Breeds. —The crossing of 
breeds is a practise that is seldom ad¬ 
visable, for the chances are that one will 
get an inferior animal which combines 
the bad characters of both breeds and 
has not the good qualities of either of the 
animals entering into the cross. In some 
cases, however, as crossing the Short¬ 
horn upon the Hereford gives a good 
type of market steer, the two breeds 
seem to reinforce each other. At any 
rate, never cross more than once. If 
crossing is done at all, it should be for 
the production of market stock only. 
Cross a Shorthorn bull on a Hereford 
cow and the first cross may not look 
like either of the parents but the off¬ 
spring of such first crosses will look very 
much alike. Go on with the crossing on 
these halfbreeds with the Shorthorn bull 
and one gets everything ranging through 
good, bad and indifferent. After one gets 
beyond the first cross, the weak points 
of both breeds begin to show up and a 
mongrel lot of stock is the result. It is 
true that some of our breeds were or¬ 
iginated by crossing on native cattle, but 
at present we have enough breeds to 
supply adequately the needs of any part 
of the country. Make a choice of the 
breed that best fills the requirements and 
then stick to it. Sometime ago, a cor¬ 
respondent of The R. N.-Y. wrote that 
some dairymen in the \\ estern Reserve 
in Ohio had been breeding up Holsteins 
for eight to 10 years and then to get 
the bonus for high-testing milk, Jersey 
bulls were turned in. This could hardly 
be considered good dairy breeding. If 
this is continued for 10 years, these 
farmers will have neither Ilolsteins, 
Jerseys nor a new breed but will be the 
owners of a mongrel lot of cattle. 
Transmission of Disease. —We often 
hear it claimed that diseases can be di¬ 
rectly transmitted to the embryo. This 
is probably true in blood diseases or 
diseases of the ovaries. It seems that 
hog cholera which is a blood disease can 
be transmitted to the offspring. I have 
never known of a case where a sow con¬ 
tracted hog cholera and still farrowed 
her pigs naturally. She will invariably 
abort if she has true hog cholera. An¬ 
other common disease which is trans¬ 
mitted in embryo is the white diarrhoea 
which affects young chicks from three to 
seven days after hatching and which is 
claimed by scientists to be due to dis¬ 
eased ovaries in the hens. These con¬ 
taminate the embryo before the shell is 
formed around the egg and these bac¬ 
teria grow with the developing chicks 
and are ready to attack them in dead 
earnest as soon as they emerge from the 
shell. The mother’s blood gets to the 
embryo by diffusion or slow seeping 
through animal membranes; usually the 
bulk of it diffuses through cross them 
branes in the umbilicus or navel cord. 
The exact particulars vary with the dif¬ 
ferent kinds of animals. Any blood- 
borne germ disease cannot be carried to 
the young as these membranes strain 
the germs out. In fact, the bacterio¬ 
logist can separate the germs from blood 
or tissues by filtering through animal 
membranes. Of course, when the ovaries 
are diseased, it would be hard to im¬ 
agine a healthy egg developing in them. 
The disease attacking the ovary would 
naturally attack the egg and either ar¬ 
rest its development or so weaken it 
that it would not develop into a healthy 
animal. Any local disease, however, 
such as in tuberculosis, lump-jaw, can¬ 
cer, etc., does not seem to be transmitted 
to the offspring. There are on record 
many' cases where tuberculous cows 
have dropped healthy calves. These 
have been isolated at once and not al¬ 
lowed to take the milk from their dams 
and have developed without ever having 
the disease. It seems that such offspring 
are somewhat super-sensitized to the at¬ 
tack of the disease from which the 
mother is suffering which means that 
they may inherit a tendency to be easy 
prey for the disease atlliough they do not 
actually inherit it. The best policy for 
the breeder is to avoid all these diseases 
so far as possible and thus preclude the 
possibility of spending time and money 
on animals having a tendency which ren¬ 
ders them more susceptible. I. J. M. 
Michigan. 
LIVE STOCK NOTES. 
T HE butter production of Holland is 
so controlled by the government as to 
guarantee its purity. It amounts to 
154,000,000 pounds yearly. 
Increasing parasitical diseases in 
poultry and game birds in England is 
said to be due to distribution of dust 
in the air by automobiles. 
French government agents sought con¬ 
tracts from New York steamship com¬ 
panies to transport 5,000 army horses 
to Bordeaux at $40 a head. The animals 
were westerners, half broken, light and 
young. They were suitable for cavalry 
work only, and cost from $80 to $100 
per head. The large New York dealers 
say that most of the orders for horses 
have been put through dealers in the 
West, and that representatives of Eng¬ 
land and France are buying directly 
from ranchmen. One said that lie knew 
of sales of more than 100,000 horses 
made in the West: that the animals were 
shipped either to England or France by 
way of Canada. This dealer said since 
the war commenced the price of horses 
went upward $20 to $25 per head, and 
they will go higher. He declared it is 
very difficult to secure large horses. 
There is an organization of Texas 
ranchmen now established with the view 
to shipping to New York cat.le and beef 
by water from the Black Prairie coast 
lands in the Lone Star State. 
Don’t try keeping over stunted pigs, 
hoping to get them growing this Winter, 
and perhaps ready for Spring. It is a 
waste of effort and feed, and besides it 
does not pay to let them become stunted, 
it will bo a good plan to sell those lit¬ 
tle fellows now, before Winter starts in. 
Perhaps some neighbor with more feed 
can make good use of them. 
The advantages of raising Fall calves 
are that cream may be sold in Winter 
and skim-milk fed to calves, the calves 
may receive more careful attention; the 
calf is ready to go on pasture in Spring. 
Keep the calves in a dry place, give them 
plenty of sunlight and air, keep the 
calves growing steadily, and free from 
lice. 
Many farm people in the Winter will 
allow the separator to stand several days 
without washing, only flushing it out 
with warm water. The California Sta¬ 
tion advises: “The cleanliness of the sep¬ 
arator needs first attention. It must 
be kept scrupulously clean. The dis¬ 
astrous effects of using a foul separator 
bowl can be imagined only when recall¬ 
ing that all cream that passes through it 
becomes seeded with the bacteria it con¬ 
tains.” 
Preceding June 30th the imports of 
cheese from Europe averaged about five 
and one third million pounds a month 
for the year. Since then the European 
war has affected the imports consider¬ 
ably, and it is the opinion of the Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture that American 
c-heesemakers can take advantage of the 
opportunity to establish their products 
in place of European goods. Limburger 
has been made in America and sold for 
some years at a price which drove the 
imported product from the market, yet 
many people believe they are eating im¬ 
ported limburger. 
SANITATION 
would have saved a great many 
of the 7,420,912 hogs valued 
at $59,455,700.00 lost in 
United States during 1913 from 
HOG CHOLERA 
You can make your hog 
pens sanitary if you use 
KRESO DIP No. 1 
The Standardized, Reliable 
Dip and Disinfectant. 
We will send you free a booklet on the 
treatment of mange, eczema or pitch 
mange, arthritis, sore mouth, etc. 
We will send you free a booklet on 
how to build a hog wallow, which will 
keep hogs clean and healthy. 
We will send you free a booklet ou 
how to keep your hogs free from lice and 
parasites and disease. 
Write for them—they are free. 
KRESO DIP No. 1 has been used at 
the large state fairs in the United States 
for the last ten years to prevent the 
spread of contagious disease. It has done 
it, and KRESO DIP No. 1 will do the 
same for you on the farm. 
KRESO DIP No. 1 is Easy to Use-Reli¬ 
able —For Sale by All Druggists— 
Effective—Not Expensive. 
PARKE, DAVIS & CO. 
Dep’t Animal Industry. DETROIT, MICH. 
YouCantBe&tX 
Galloway Prices Anywhere* 
You can’t get Galloway quality at any-’ 
where near my price. 1 get one small 
manufacturing profit, the rest of your^ 
dollar buys what you need. The other! 
way your dollar pays the profit of the’ 
manufacturer, the jobber and the dealer .1 
You have tried the old way. Now try 
way and see what you save. 
Five New' 
Selling 
Plans 
JC ash, Credit, 
(Note or Easy f 
Pay¬ 
ments.’ 
One of these^ 
will suit your needs. Any plan allows 3 
30 days for trial of Engine, Cream Separa¬ 
tor or Manure Spreader. If not satis-, 
fied that they are as good as any you- 
ever saw or heard of, the goods come 
back to me and you’re nothing out. 
CATALOG FREE—Write for catalog you I 
want. Get full particulars and my special [ 
prices, extra I 
11 a 
on Engines, 
Separa- 
k tors and 1 ! 
SpreadersT 
Address 
Wm. Gniloway. Pros. 
Wrr. Galloway Co. 
277 Galloway Sta.„ | 
Waterloo, Iowa 
93 AMERICAN 
Upward CREAM 
SEPARATOR 
FREE TRIAL. FULLY GUARANTEED. 
Easy running. Easily cleaned. 
Whether dairy Is largo or small, 
obtain our handsome free catalog Address „ 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. bainbr'?dge, 5 n. y. 
Empire Fence stays hog tight and cattle tight “ 
as long as it is in use. Our Free book fully explains 
whyU,e No. 9 Empire and Empire, Jr. 
fences stand up. Why the famous Empire knot 
holds securely— why the wires can’t slip 
out of place. Open hearth steel, 
'"'g wires. heavily galvanized ,make 
Empire fences proof against 
all sorts of weather, rust and 
hard usage. Don’t fail to write 
for Free Fence Book and get 
the truth about wire fences. 
BONO steel POST CO. 
23Maumeo St., Adrian, Mich. 
SAVE- 
THE- 
HORSE 
1 Trade-Mark Registered 
Cures Both 
H. IT. BEERS, Springwater, N. Y., writes: Last 
spring I bought Save-The-Horse to use on a large 
knee and a bone spavin and it cured both. 
Goes Around World 
MALCOLM PULLBROOK, Box No. 83, Paseo, 
Buenos Aires, writes: I just come across your 
address again. I used your preparation when in 
Wisconsin, also in Manitoba. Who is your agent 
here? Your remedies gave mo satisfaction and I 
can rely on them. If you can send me your Save- 
The-Horse Book, I will be glad; a friend In Liver¬ 
pool sent mo a copy, hut 1 lost or mislaid it. Send 
withendsopen for i nspeetion and save customduties. 
IS OKI GIN A TE1) the plan of treating 
horses under Signed Contruct-Koiul to 
Return Money if Remedy fails on Ring¬ 
bone—Thoropin—SPAVIN—or A N Y—Shoulder, 
Knee, Ankle, Hoof or Tendon disease. 
Our Charges for Treatment ARE MODERATE, 
BUT WRITE and we will send our “SAVE-THE- 
HORSE BOOK”— It is the Quint-Essence and last word 
of UP-TO-DATE knowledge and practice on ALL 
LAMENESS. We also send Sample Contract and 
ADVICE—ALL FREE (to Hoi'se Owners and Man¬ 
agers—Only). Address 
TROY CHEMICAL CO., 24 Commerce Ave., Binghamton, N.Y, 
liruggists Kvoryivb.ro soil Savo-TTio-liomo with CO.NTBAOT, 
or wo Boud by Pared Post or Express paid. 
October 24,4 
Book Free 
[$3 Package^ 
will cure any case or 
money refunded 
$1 Package 
cures ordinary cases. 
Postpaid on receipt of price, 
Agents Wanted 
Wiite for descriptive booklet 4 
MINERAL 
. _y u v’rHEAVE 
yoars REMEDY 
NEGLECT 
Will Ruin I 
Your Horse* 
Send to-day for ’ 
only 
PERMANENT 
CURE, 
Sail—Certain j 
llroral Hea»e Remedy Co.. 4til Fourth Ave ., Pittsburgh, Pr 
absorbine 
M* *TRADE MARK REG.US.PAT. OFF. 
Will reduce Inflamed, Strained, 
Swollen Tendons, Ligaments, 
Muscles or Bruises. Stops the 
lameness and pain from a Splint, 
Side Bone or Bone Spavin. No 
blister, no hair gone. Horse can be 
used. $2 a bottle delivered. Describe 
your case for special instruction* 
and Book 2 K Free. 
ABSORBINE. JR., the antiseptic liniment for 
mankind. Reduces Strained, Torn Liga¬ 
ments, Enlarged Glands, Veins or Muscles, 
Heals Cuts, Sores, Ulcers. Allays pain. Price 
81.00 a bottle at dealers or delivered. Book ' ‘Evidence’* free. 
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 
KENDALLS 
—has saved thousands of dollars 
and thousands of horses. The 
old reliable cure for Spavin, 
Ringbone, Splint or lameness. 
For sale at all druggists. Price 
Si per bottle, 6for $5. 'Treatise on 
free at druggists or write to Dr. B. J. KKM)ALL 
COMPANY, Knosbnrg Falls, Vt., U. S. A, 
r Dl IMD’C IMPROVED 
UKUmDi WARRINER 
STANCH IOK 
Prof. P. G. Helyar of 
Mt. Herman School, Mt 
Herman, Mass., writes: 
“ We could not get along 
without Warriner Stanch¬ 
ions.” 
Send address for book¬ 
let of information to 
WALLACE R. CRUMB, Box Ml, Forestvllle, Con* 
HOR.SE OWNERS! USE 
GOMBAULT'S 
CAUSTIC 
BALSAM. 
A safe, speedy and poiitivo cur© 
The safest, Bo si BLISTER 
overused. Removes all bunchet 
from Horses. Impossible to 
produce ecar or blemish. Send 
for descriptive circulars. 
THE LAWRENC E-WILLI A MS CO., Clevoland, O. 
AMERICAN 
POSTs 
STEEL 
FENCE 
f 
Made by American Steel & Wire Company 
I High-class steel, heavily coated with zinc. Strong 
enough to hold up any wire fence and furnish nil nec¬ 
essary resistance. End and corner posts so strong 
that they will maintain any wire fenco made. 
Cheaper than Wood and More Durable 
Adapted to all conditions and absolutely satisfac¬ 
tory, no matter how heavy the l'encc nor how hard the 
usage after the fence is erected. Give better service 
than wood post, and you get the benefit of every post 
in the fenco from year to year, whilo wood posts 
burn, rot and decay from the start. Have been in 
service since 1893, in every section of the United 
States, and the oldest posts now as good as when set. 
Adapted toall fences. Increasestho lifeof a fence. 
A wire fenco on wooden posts is like building a brick 
house on a wood foundation. For sale by dealers 
everywhere. Big picture catalog FREE. 
American Steel & Wire Co., Chicago, New York 
41052 ■■■ 
