4 
November 7, 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKHK 
Live Stock and Dairy 
FARM STOCK BREEDING. 
Cattle Stock Breeding. 
Part IV. 
0 varied are the conditions under 
which cattle are maintained in this 
country that the popularity of special 
breeds and their management differ wide¬ 
ly. As long as there are areas of pas¬ 
ture land not yet settled upon, beef cat¬ 
tle on these pastures are the main re¬ 
liance of the general farmer. As the 
country becomes more settled, markets 
are opened up and there comes a gradual 
change. Villages are formed nearby and 
transportation makes it possible to ship 
dairy products long distances with no 
harm resulting. Under these conditions, 
dairying which can only prosper upon 
<i,p cnPivated farm, displaces beef mak¬ 
ing. This is especially true where land 
desire in a beef sire. A good beef sire 
must be strong in the hind quarters, well 
muscled and with a good length and 
proportion of loin. How can we expect 
to get choice prime beeves out of the 
young stock when we use a cat-hammed 
sire? While it seems a trifle far-fetched 
to call the limbs of any of the beef bulls 
“cat-hammed,” yet when we see two of 
them together, it is usually easy to pick 
out the one which has the most meat on 
the steak and loins. Although a great 
deal is said about the purebred dairy 
sire, the purebred beef sire has just as 
good a chance to improve the progeny of 
the herd as has the dairy bull. 
Consideration Of Dairy Breeds— 
The most prominent dairy breeds are the 
Jersey, Guernsey, .Holstein-Friesian, 
Ayrshire, and Brown Swiss. Each of 
these breeds, like the breeds of beef cat¬ 
tle, is suited to somewhat different condi¬ 
tions, and on account of having been de¬ 
veloped in different environments, each 
presents peculiarities which are common 
only to the members of the breed. The 
HOLSTEIN COW, VALLEY FARM TOPSY, 595S9. 
Official record, milk. S0.9 lbs. one da 
24.17 lbs. seven days, 
values have so increased as to make the 
raising of beef cattle unprofitiible ex¬ 
cept in combination with the dairy cow. 
There is no want of breeds from 
which to select if the farmer is engag¬ 
ing in the production of beef. Among 
the most popular are the Hereford, 
Aberdeen Angus and the Shorthorn. 
These breeds all originated in Great Bri¬ 
tain where the beef cattle business is a 
little more advanced than in this coun¬ 
try. These three breeds are suited to 
different conditions and surroundings. 
The Hereford will do somewhat better 
on pasture than either the Shorthorn or 
Aberdeen Angus but the last two broods 
will do better in confinement—in other 
words, they can stand the heavy grain 
feeding which forces early development 
without showing “patchiness.” On the 
western ranches. Hereford cows are most 
popular because they give such a small 
quantity of milk and there is little dan¬ 
ger of milk fever. Shorthorn bulls used 
upon such cows make a fine beef animal 
for the market as the two brec s tend to 
reinforce the weak poin' ; of one another. 
Avoid anything but the first crosses, 
however. ' The weakest point of the 
Shorthorn is the crops, and a tendency 
to a flat rib, while in these particular 
points the Hereford is strong. On the 
other hand, the Hereford is usually weak 
in the hind quarters where the Short¬ 
horn is especially strong. The eombina- 
iion of the two breeds gives a very even¬ 
ly developed carcass, the meat of which 
is well marbled and high in quality. 
The influence of the purebred sire is 
just as pronounced in beef cattle as with 
other classes of livestock. The ideal beef 
bull is a far different shaped animal 
from the dairy sire. The beef bull is 
a beautiful animal to look upon while 
the dairy sire is too angular to present 
a good appearance. In the beef animal 
we look for the rectangular or parallel- 
ogramic conformation which usually 
gives a carcass of good fleshing qualities 
and meat so evenly distributed that the 
body is said to be symmetrical. 
Value , Of Beeves Determined By 
High Priced Cuts. —I have seen the 
butchers walk into a herd of young 
beeves and say to the owner: “We will 
give you $42 apiece for those three ani¬ 
mals ' there,” pointing out three special 
steers. “We will give you $35 _ apiece 
for those six and the rest we will take 
at $30 per head.” I wondered at this 
and asked the butcher why those three 
steers were worth so much more per head 
than were the others. He explained to 
me that by their conformation and de¬ 
velopment, when dressed they would 
give a much higher weight of round steak 
and loins—those parts of beef which 
bring the most in the market—than 
would the other steers. The answer was 
logical enough and when I looked more 
•losely, I could see that these three steers 
lid excel in the weight of high priced 
beef. This was an eye-opener and it 
gives us the cue as to what we should 
y: 551.6 lbs. seven days. Butter, 
99.S7 lbs. 30 days. 
native home of the Jersey is the Island 
of Jersey, in the English Channel. These 
cattle have not been reared on abundant 
pastures; in their native home, they are 
usually tethered or “staked out.” The 
inhabitants of the Channel Islands were 
among the first to take steps toward 
keeping the blood of their cattle free 
from infusion of outside blood. They 
made a law that no cattle should be im¬ 
ported to the Island of Jersey for other 
than consumption purposes and those 
must be slaughtered before the expiration 
of a certain number of days. Such close 
watch over the purity of the blood of 
these cattle, has given the Jersey breed 
a refinement which is scarcely possessed 
by any of the other breeds. The individ¬ 
uals were prized for their rich milk and 
consequently, the Jersey is today a rich- 
milk breed of persistent milkers, milk¬ 
ing all the year round. They are smaller 
than any of the other dairy breeds, of a 
light, dark brown, or even Hack color 
and possess the tri-wedge conformation 
which is so highly valued in dairy ani¬ 
mals. 
The island where the Guernsey breed 
was originated is only a short distance 
from the home of the Jersey. The 
Guernsey breeders practiced the same 
supervision of the blood which was 
brought to the Island but they did not 
commence this as soon as did the Jersey 
breeders and they were not so particular 
about color. Guernseys may be fawn 
and white or a clear fawn while some of 
them very nearly approach a red. The 
Guernsey breeders did not pay so much 
attention to form; they bred for a per¬ 
sistent milker, giving a rich yellow milk 
and that is what they secured. As a 
consequence, the Guernsey has rather 
less refinement of form than has the 
Jersey and giving a medium, annual 
weight of milk which is rich and yellow. 
Here, let us settle the fact that the color 
of the milk is no indication as to amount 
of butterfat which it contains. Butter- 
fat is seldom present in milk in sufficient 
quantities to give the milk a color. The 
yellow milk of the Guernsey is yellow 
because of a pigment contained therein 
while the Holstein milk is blue because 
of a blue pigment which it contains. 
The Holstein-Friesian cattle have been 
found in Holland for over 2.000 years. 
We have mention of them in history that 
far back as the “black and white cattle 
of Holland.” They are larger than either 
of the two dairy breeds mentioned be¬ 
fore. The Holstein can consume a larger 
amount of food in confinement. In 
quantity of milk, this breed far surpasses 
any of the other breeds while the quality 
is only medium. There has been a ten¬ 
dency, especially when the Ilolsteins were 
first introduced into this country, to re¬ 
gard them as skim-milk cows and al¬ 
though their milk is not quite as rich in 
butterfat as the Jersey or Guernsey, 
Holstein breeders have been constantly 
striving toward a higher percentage of 
fat. Now, the average for the Holstein 
breed is around 3.5 and many Holstein 
cows and strains of them are averaging 
as high as five per cent, butterfat. 
The Ayrshire is a Scotch breed of 
medium-sized animals. Their one point 
of excellence over any of the dairy breeds 
is the udder which is recognized by dairy 
judges as being as near perfection as can 
be had. The animals are red and white and 
as there are so few of them in the United 
States, their breeding is a local matter. 
The Brown Swiss are worthy of men¬ 
tion. Previous to six years ago, this 
breed of Swiss origin was deemed by 
American breeders to be a so-called “dual- 
purpose” breed. About six years ago, 
the Brown Swiss breeders determined to 
make their breed conform more to the 
dairy form. They have accomplished 
wonders in this short time and now some 
of the individuals of the breed are mak¬ 
ing records which are comparable with 
the other dairy breeds. The cattle are 
a mouse color with a light brown stripe 
down the back. 
External Form Not a Positive In¬ 
dex To Productive Capacity. —As to 
judging the points of a dairy cow by an 
external examination only, I do not think 
it amounts to much. As far as I can 
see, the judging of dairy cows by con¬ 
formation only is one of the biggest will- 
o’-the-wisps of the stock judging pavil- 
lion. We do know that the former 
World’s Champion Guernsey, Spottswood 
Daisy Pearl, was at one time placed at 
the end of the list and in the tenth place 
by a prominent dairy judge who was 
judging productive capacity by conforma¬ 
tion only. Those cows of the dairy 
breeds which took the prizes at Chicago 
last year were not the most productive 
animals that the exhibitors had in their 
herds. As a general rule, however, the 
tri-wedge conformation goes with high 
productive capacity while the udder 
should be well hung, of good size with 
teats well placed. All the finer points of 
dairy form are good only when asso¬ 
ciated with a superior producing animal. 
The real detectives on the trail of the 
dairy cow are the Babcock test and the 
milk scales. These, taken together with 
the amounts of feed consumed, rarely 
fail to give evidence which should oust 
the unprofitable ones. 
Grade Up From Mongrels Or 
Grades. —As for cows with which to 
start, do not make the mistake of think¬ 
ing that they must be purebreds. Let 
the first real start begin with the dairy 
animals that are already on hand; some 
; DAIRY CiLTTTjiE^I 
WANTED —A number of GUERNSEY HEIFERS, due to 
™ freshen April or May, lirst calf. Submit price 
with full particulars to LONE OAK FARM, Babylon, N. Y. 
You will succeed 
in the 
by choosing the breed which produces most 
economically the best grade oi dairy products. 
Buy GUERNSEYS and be convinced 
Write for literature 
GUERNSEY CATTLE CLUB 
Box Y Peterboro, N. H. 
F OSTERFIELD’S herd registered 
JERSEYS for sale. Cows, Heifers and Heifer 
calves. Charles G. Foster, P. 0. Rox 173, Morristown, N. J. 
FOR PRODUCTION ^L^ SSJTiSi 
calves, only, from producing dams and highest type 
sires. R. F. SHANNON, 603 Renshaw Bldg.. Pittsburgh. Pa. 
Yearling Jersey Bull 
breeding. Abo choice bull calf These combine 
production and beauty. A. F PEIRCE, Winchester, N.H. 
Registered Jersey Bull Calves 
of close-up, Raleigh breeding. Priced low. Uomesee 
them. Jas. Lamg & Sons. Fairacres Farm, West Nyack, N.Y. 
FOR SALE 
20 Jersey Heifers and Heifer Calves 
from yearly record Register of Merit dams and 
cows on test. Their grandams, sires and grand- 
sires in R.of M. Also two young liullsold enough 
for service. Let us know your w ants. Address, 
E. W. MOSHER. . Aurora, N. t Y. 
Owl-Interest Blood 
flows through the veins of a 
family of cows whose remark¬ 
able persistency is proven by 
repeated Register of Merit 
records. Spermfield Owl’s Eva. 
l6,4S7 lbs. milk, 1168 lbs. butter; 
Owl’s Say da’s Queen, 13 . 02 . 2 lbs. 
milk, 940 lbs. butter; and Inter¬ 
ested Violet, 13,833 lbs. milk, 819 
lbs. butter, forcefully illustrate the ability of the 
family; while at least a hundred others have dem¬ 
onstrated in yearly authenticated work that these 
are exceptional only in quantity. 
This blood will increase the production of your 
herd. It is intensified in an excellent bull calf, 
nearly ready for service, offered by Meridale 
Farms. He has two crosses to Spermfield Owl, 
two to Interested Prince, and an outcross to The 
Imported Jap. For Pedigree address 
ayer & McKinney 
300 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Whkn you write advertisers mention Ths 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
‘square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
SAVE !££ CALVES 
CUHA-330S positively cures 
WHITE SCOURS, also prevents this dread 
disease. Attacks are sudden and fatal. Be 
prepared. TRIAL BOTTLE to reputable 
stockmen —send 10c. for postage and pack, 
iug. Used extensively in high-grade dairies 
Dairy size, $1; Veterinary size, $2. 
TROY CHEMICAL CO., 24 Commerce St., Binghamton. N.1 
HORSES 
is an ideal Christmas gift for children. Guaranteed 
perfectly gentle. Address A. C. PALMER, Waverly, N.Y. 
P ERCHER0N STALLIONS— Buy from farmers. Out 
hobby is quality. S. Sclioonmaker. Gardiner. N. Y 
For Sale-Span Imported DRAFT MARES 
Cost SI.050, will take S700, if sold at once. 
C. F. MOUNT, - - Koppel, P». 
For Sale-Sorrel Cob Combination Mare 
Absolutely safe For particulars address 
JAMES II. OWEN, R. D. No. 4, Newburgh, N. Y 
WILL SELL ALL OUR 
IMPORTED PUREBRED PERCHERONS 
2 stallions, 2 mares, 1 filly coming 3, 2 fillies coming 
2, 1 filly colt. All sound and handsome. These wil 
prove a profitable investment, as the Perclieror 
lin ed in Fi ance is being exterminated by the war 
Come see them. M0HEGAN FARM, Peekskill, New Ynrl 
50 STALLIONS 
and MARES. $250 to $1000 east 
Write for my Illustrated 
Circular telling why I can sav* 
you money on the purchase of a Per 
chcron or Belgian Stallion or Marc 
A.W.Greeu,Middlefield,0. 
R. R. Sta., E. Orwell, on Penna. Ry. 
Midway between Ashtabula &Warraa 
Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves 
offer. THE GATES HOMESTEAD FARM. Cliittenango. N. Y 
DtTAfW CflD QPDUIT'P—PRICES, S75.00 to 3150 06 
ncaui run OLitUlbL Registered liolstoinnnd 
Jersey Bulls. Splendid individuals with great 
backing. Best blood in the land. Also younger bull 
calves. Write for list. HOMEWOOD FARMS, HYE, N. Y 
ONTARIO PRINCELORIE^?!!?™" 1 fflr, 
dam, high record granddaughter of Hengerveld D* 
Kol: sire, 35.61 pound bull. Price, $250. Send for 
pedigreo. Cloxerdale Farm, Charlotte, N.Y 
READY FOR SERVICE 
Sire—Son of King of Pontiac, out of 31-lb. dam 
Dam—15-lb. 3 -yr. old daughter Barren Butter Boy, 
Price, $125. SABARAMA FARM. Baldwinsville. New York 
Registered Hoisiein Bull Caif~o 0 a n ix? e Ha'a 19 in 
official record at three years old of 17 lbs. of butter 
Price, $5D. One ready for service at $125. 
ARTHUR U. FREEMAN, PULASKI, N. I. 
PUREBRED HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES 
Let us supply the best half of your future herd, 
whether grade or purebred. We have 5 unsold 
specimens for the purpose at $60 to $350 according 
to blood. Inspection invited. Mohegan Farm, 
Peekskill, New York. Hudion Valley lloUtoin Headquarter, 
H olsteins and guernseys for sajlb 
70 high-grade Holstein yearlings, $35 each. 10 
grade Guernsey yearlings, $35 each. 1 registered 
Guernsey bull one year old, doing service, $60. Bui] 
and heifer calves, % Holstein, $15 oach. Bull and 
Heifer calves, % Guernsey, $15 each. Iiegistered 
bull calves, $35 to $50 each. Some ready for ser¬ 
vice $G 0 to $100 each. REAGAN BROS., Tully, New York 
Buy a Bull on Easy Terms 
Long Time and 4 Per Cent Interest 
Holstein bull calves, sired by a SON OF KING 
OF THE PONTIACS, whose dam has a record 
of 29.5V lbs. butter in 7 days and 113.96 lbs. in 80 
days, mil out of A. R. O. DAMS. WRITE AT 
ONOI< for breeding, prices, and particulars rs 
garding our terms. 
JUSTAMERE FARM, Middletown Springs, Vt 
East River Grade Holsteins For Sale 
75 High GradoCows just fresh, largo producers. 
50 cows due to calve this month and next. 
40 extra nice heifer calves ten days old, sired 
by pure blooded bulls, from high producing 
dams. Registered and grade bulls all ages. 
WE TUBKRCULINE TEST. 
JOHN B. WEBSTER, 
Dept. Y, Cortland, ,N. Y. Bell Phone 14, K. S. 
SPRINGDALE FARMS 
Is the best place to buy 
GRADE HOLSTEINS 
200 Cows and Heifers always on hand. Largest, 
llnest individuals, heaviest milkers. 
Registered bulls, Pontiac & Colantha breeding. 
F. P. SAUNDERS & SON, Cortland, N. Y. 
Office, 50 Clinton Ave, 
Purebred Registered 
HOLSTEIN 
CATTLE 
The University of Missouri has a herd of 
thirty-five purebred registered Holsteins nil 
descended from four cows purchased ten 
years ago for $450. Animals have been sold 
from this herd for breeding purposes to the 
amount of live times the cost priee and the 
herd now contains more than thirty cows 
worth at least ten times the cost of the 
foundation stock. 
Here Is an object lesson for any man am¬ 
bitious to go Into dairying on a money-mak¬ 
ing basis. 
Send for FREE Illustrated Descriptive Booklets 
Holstein-Friesian Asso., F. L. Houghton, Sec’y, 
Box 105, Brattlcboro, Vt. 
