1914. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1L5- u 
of them are good dams for the frrtnre 
stock. Cull out the poor ones each year 
and soon, if a sire is used that is worth 
his keep, a herd of high producing grades 
will result. 
As to the relative value of dairy bulls 
in grading up the herds, we have the fol¬ 
lowing quotation from Ohio Experiment 
Station Circular, No. 135, page 81: 
“One IIolstein-Friesian bull used in 
the Ohio Experiment Station herd in¬ 
creased the average production of his 
seven daughters 1,299 pounds of milk and 
10 pounds of butterfat per year above 
that of their dams. Forty pounds of 
fat per year for six years (average pro¬ 
ducing period) by each of seven cows 
would be 1,680 pounds of fat; 1.6S0 
pounds at 30 cents per pound equals 
$504. This animal cost $100 when a 
calf. One Jersey used in the Station 
herd decreased the average production of 
his 11 daughters over TOO pounds of 
milk and over 45 pounds of butterfat per 
year below that of their dams. Forty- 
five pounds of fat per year for six years 
by each of 11 cows would be 2.970 
pounds, which at 30 cents per pound 
would equal $891. The immediate dif¬ 
ference in money value of these two bulls 
on these herds of less than 20 cows each 
was $1,395. Both bulls had an equally 
good chance to increase the production.” 
The essential points in dairy breeding 
are to get a good bull with an ancestry 
of high producers. If possible, keep rec¬ 
ords of milk weights and tests and keep 
setting the standard higher as the years 
go by and the cattle improve. Stick to 
the same breed. Above all, keep the 
weather eye out for signs of contagious 
abortion and tuberculosis. They will 
ruin the best herd of cattle in the world 
if they once get a foothold. 
Michigan. I. J. mathews. 
Decrease in Butter Fat. 
O N page 1039 is an inquiry relative to 
the decrease in butter fat. F. C. M., 
in answer, gives one to infer there 
should be a decrease, and that less than 
one-half as much butter would be made 
from 20 pounds of milk than from 40 
pounds when cow first freshened. This is 
contrary to my experience. My records 
show that my cows make about the same 
amount of butter when giving 20 pounds 
of milk per day, as when during the first 
few months after freshening they gave 40 
pounds per day. If milk will not test 
higher in butter fat when the smaller 
amount is given, how can this be ac¬ 
counted for? E. E. s. 
Skowhegan, Me. 
E. E. S. has misinterpreted my reply 
noted on page 1039. It is true that the 
butter fat test of milk is inclined to in¬ 
crease as the amount of milk produced 
decreases. However, the physical condi¬ 
tion of the cow is a factor that must be 
considered. In this connection it is in¬ 
teresting to note the following taken from 
“Milk and Its Products,” by Wing, page 
27: 
We find that there are a large number 
of conditions that affect the quality of the 
milk, meaning, thereby, the relative pro¬ 
portion of the various constituents, and 
particularly the proportion of fat to other 
constituents. Some of these changes are 
regular and progressive during the period 
of lactation, others are due to definite 
causes and still others occur from time to 
time to which we have as yet been nnable 
to ascribe any definite cause. After about 
three or four weeks of lactation, the per¬ 
centage of fat in the milk remains nearly 
constant until the seventh or eighth 
month, or until the quantity of milk be¬ 
gins to rapidly diminish. 
There is no question but that under 
certain conditions there would be a differ¬ 
ence in the butter fat test during the lac¬ 
tation period of the cow, if comparison is 
made at freshening time when she is 
giving 40 pounds of milk per day, with 
the period nine months later when she 
might be giving 20 pounds of milk per 
day. However, it is unusual for co 'S 
to give as much actual butter fat when 
they are milking only 20 pounds per day. 
as was the case when the animals were 
producing 40 pounds per day. If the rec¬ 
ords of some of the officially tested cows 
are considered, it will be found that in 
some cases unusually high butter fat tests 
are recorded at the outset of their lacta¬ 
tion period. Such animals, no doubt, 
have been given a long dry period and 
carry an unusual amount of flesh at calv¬ 
ing time. F. c. MINKXER. 
How Much Live Stock’? 
T HAVE a farm of 200 acres; 25 in 
L wood, 25 in ordinary hillside pasture, 
30 in fruit and 120 in crops where 
hay, oats, rye, corn and buckwheat can be 
raised. On how many cows should I 
figure, how many hogs, how many chick¬ 
ens, so that all the waste products in mak¬ 
ing butter would be utilized on the farm 
and that in figuring on raising as much 
feed as possible I would have to buy the 
least amount of feed? a. w. K. 
New Rochelle, N. Y. 
The producing capacity of any given 
area varies a great deal, and it is rather 
unsatisfactory to attempt to give definite 
suggestions as to the number and kind of 
live stock that could be most profitably 
produced on this farm without knowing 
more about the condition of the soil and 
its ability to grow average crops. A still 
further question might be raised as to the 
owner’s experience in crop production and 
dairying; for it is possible to maintain 
successfully relatively large herds on com¬ 
paratively small areas. 
Assuming that the 120 acres are util¬ 
ized for crop producing and a rotation 
planned whereby 40 acres could be devoted 
to the growing of corn. 40 acres meadow 
and the balance used for other crops, it 
would seem reasonable to maintain a herd 
of 25 milking cows, and as much young 
stock as one would care to select and 
grow from such a herd of grade cows. The 
number of hogs that may be kept is even 
more indefinite, but I am satisfied that 
where cream can be marketed and the 
skim-milk kept on the farm that the pork 
industry deserves extensive development 
and if sufficient areas can be fenced and 
used for forage crops for swine, I would 
not hesitate to keep 15 or 20 brood sows 
on such a farm. It might necessitate the 
purchasing of some additional concen¬ 
trates, for this is always advisable up to 
a certain limit. 
A flock of 200 birds at the outset might 
establish a unit that could be added to 
or reduced as one’s experience might sug¬ 
gest. The aim should be to grow silage 
and Alfalfa hay as a basis for feeding the 
dairy herd, while corn and rye could be 
fed successfully to the pigs. I doubt very 
much if there is any profit in oats for the 
average Eastern farmer if they are grown 
alone, but when mixed with Canada field 
peas there should undoubtedly be a place 
in the rotation for this crop. Rape and 
Soy beans make a most excellent forage 
crop mixture for swine, the proportions 
being six pounds of rape and one bushel 
of Soy beans per acre seeded any time 
from early Spring to August 1st. 
f. c. M. 
LIVE STOCK NOTES. 
T HE Ayrshire cow is proving her worth 
in view of jrecent Canadian tests. To 
.Tune 1, 454 cows and heifers have 
registered in the Canadian Record of 
Performance. These gave an average of 
40S pounds of butter, a splendid average, 
189 of the number being two-year old, and 
82 three-year-old heifers. One cow gave 
over 850 pounds of butter, three over 700 
pounds, 22 over 600, 30 over 550 pounds, 
70 over 450 pounds, and 140 over 400 
pounds. 
The treatment, of hogs exposed to con¬ 
tagion from cholera has saved all but 2.27 
per cent, in the Southern States, accord¬ 
ing to reports received by the Department 
of Agriculture from local agents engaged 
in demonstration work. The report shows 
in one year a total of 34.636 inoculated 
hogs in good health exposed to disease 
only 787 died. In case of animals so af¬ 
fected with cholera that symptoms were 
plainly visible, in these 7.15 per cent, 
were saved by the agents taking a “fight¬ 
ing chance.” Inoculation is not sufficient; 
the animals should be kept in sanitary 
quarters, and free from lice and worms. 
The following Kentucky formula is rec¬ 
ommended for worms: Santonin. 2IVj 
grains, areca nut. one dram, calomel, one 
grain; sodium carbonate, one dram. 
The margin is too narrow between 
prices of butter in New Zealand and this 
country to insure heavy shipments. The 
present margin is six to seven cents per 
pound. The dairy population was great¬ 
ly reduced in New Zealand owing to elim¬ 
ination of the boarder cows caused by 
shortage of feed last year. 
There are 30 creameries in Montana 
and only one cheese factory. The Mon¬ 
tana farmer might buy another cow. 
Winter course in dairying at Cornell 
opens November 10 and closes February [ 
12. The course will cover dairy bacter¬ 
iology, buttermaking, Cheddar cheese mak¬ 
ing, market milk handling, and dairy me¬ 
chanics. 
There have been practically no impor¬ 
tations of draft horses since the opening 
of the European war, except possibly from 
England, and in limited numbers. There 
is sufficient good stock in America for all 
practical purposes, and the present Euro¬ 
pean crisis will place American stock on 
its own merits. Previous to the war the 
Tin : ted States imported from 2.500 to 
4,000 for breeding purposes. The stan- j 
dard of the purebred draft horse will in 
no way suffer. 
There will be a great demand for Amor- J 
ican horses during the war in Europe, I 
and for a decade following it. is the opin¬ 
ion of the United States Department of 
Agriculture. Foreign agents are purchas¬ 
ing horses in the United States and Can¬ 
ada, and it is emphasized that only high 
quality animals should be reared. In¬ 
ferior horses are a drug on the market. 
Next to Russia, the United States has 
more horses than any other country, and 
the two countries possess 58 per cent, of 
the world’s supply. The German army 
for complete mobilization, requires 770,- 
000 horses, and the French army about 
250.000. These are probably figures for 
cavalry use only. During the Boer War 
the British Government secured 100.000 
horses from the United States, and it is 
doubtful whether this number could be 
secured at the present time except at ex¬ 
cessive cost. At the present time there 
are over 1,000,000 horses in the Euro¬ 
pean service. The great majority of 
these horses are used in agricultural pur¬ 
suits, and requisitioned only in the time 
of war. Before the planting of crops next 
season the shortage of horses will be keen¬ 
ly felt, and already rural credit for the 
benefit of farmers is being urged which 
•will make it possible for them to secure 
motor equipment. This is being proposed 
in Germany. The United States army 
furnishes a desirable market for horses, 
and demands under the remount system 
at least 5,000 horses annually. There are 
now about 20,000 horses in the army on a 
peace basis. 
Sheep men declare that the wool pays 
for the keep of the sheep. Where this is 
true there is a nice profit left in increased 
stock and sale of surplus stock. There is 
a value in dollars and cents to the farm 
where sheep are kept, particularly where 
the farm is so fenced that they can be 
shunted from one field to another. One 
farmer advises if he had no sheep he 
would give free pasturage of a certain 
fields for some weeks for the benefit the 
sheep would afford. If the farm is well 
fenced, allow the sheep the run of the 
wheat and oat stubble after the grain has 
been removed. They will secure feed for 
some little time, and will clean out the 
fence rows. Turn them on the corn stub¬ 
ble after the crop has been removed, and 
they will clean up the wasre rood and 
make steady gains. Sheep will work un¬ 
der hedges, will clean up briars, there will 
be no goldenrod left in the pasture when 
they are through. The field is cropped 
as close as a lawn, there are no daisies 
or other weeds left in the field. 
Wiie>t you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
S X 3NT 33 
niIRnn-NinFP!fi<M> 5 «P»i r Pedigreed. Write 
UUHUU muc rioo s A VYi.;AK S, D eGraff. Ohio 
CHELDON FARM REGISTERED DUROCS 
u Pigs of both sex. Bred Sows. Service Boars. 
Best of breeding. C. E. BARNES. Oxford, N. Y. 
SWINF - Registered I>UROC SERVICE 
f VV ROARS—Farrowed, May 13ih. Write 
ror prices. Also, Registered Guernsey Bull, time 
years old. C.M. PA I.MER, Valalie, New York 
FOR PURE BRED TAMWORTH SWINE 
write or visit WESTVII W STOCK FA KM, K. 
F. D.Xo. 1, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 
LARGE YORKSHIRE SOWS 
pigs. SUMMIT FARM, Blue Ridge Summit, Pa. 
I AKGR ENGI.ISH YORKSHIRE PIG' — 
eight weeks o d, $10 each. 10 % discount for three or 
more. Boars and sows not related. Registered, f.o.h. 
Hamilton. Frank Tooke, Morneylight Farm, Hamilton. N.Y. 
Alfalfa Lodge Yorkshires 
Large English, white, short nose type. Special 
sale boar pigs, superior quality, fair prices- It is 
not what yon pay. but what yon get that counts. 
J. G. CURTIS, Box 373, ROCHESTER, N.Y. 
Large Yorkshire Swine 
We are offering a fine lot o<' LARGE YORKSHIRE 
Boars, ready iov service. These hoars have 
large bone and are true to type. Also have a 
few young sows of splendid conformation. 
HEART’S DELIGHT FARM 
CHAZY, NEW YORK 
SHORT WINTER COURSES 
In Horticulture 
Poultry Husbandry 
Dairy Husbandry 
Eight weeks — December 30th to February 24th. 
Schedule of courses furnished on request, 
Connecticut Agricultural College 
Storrs, Conn. 
SUEBI 5 
REGISTERED SHROPSHIRE, yearling Ewes and rams 
•* bred right at low prices. FRED VAN VLEET, Lodi, N.Y. 
R egistered Shropshire rams for 
SA I.E— Yearling and two-year-olds, from im¬ 
ported sire. E. E STEVENS 8 SON. Wilson. New York 
F or sale—registered Shropshire 
RAMS, Lincoln ranis. Delaine Merino rams; 
also Devon bulls. CHESTER HAMLIN, East Wilton, Maine 
Hir 1 W GT Shropsiiire and Southdown 
** 1 '-***"^-"—sheep for sale. NIAGARA 
STOCK FARM, J. C. Duncan, Mgr., Lewiston, N. Y. 
— 
REGISTERED SHROPSHIRE YEARI.ING 
*■ RANIS. Ewes to stile. Sired by an imported 
ram. Also ram and ewe lambs. H. B. Covert, Lodi, N. Y. 
HAMPSHIRE RAMS-SK^-SSW. 
breeding, lowest pines. Stock ram, sure breeder 
of good ones, HAS1.ETT BROS., Seneca, N.Y. 
Fairholme Hampshire DOWNS 
Prom imported and home-bred stock. Great bar¬ 
gains in ewes. EARL D. BROWN, R. F. D. No. 2, llion, N. Y. 
Pedigree Chester Whites. riogm t ewy t o°r n k 
Seven Purebred 0,1.C. Shotesi* r H£el°& 
each. Red Cross Strain. HERBERT HAITH, Manlius, N Y. 
WING3H0CKING HERD 
selected from 100 head. Spring gilts ready to breed. 
3 service boars. Pigs from 8 weeks old np prices 
reasonable. F, W, LEVIS. R . D. No. 1, Chadd's Ford, Pa. 
0. I. C. WH3TES -Have a of ,0 - far- 
Ua I• III WI Hi I CO rowed July 24th, out of A1 
matured stock. Price, $ 10 , tit 8 to 10 weeks. Regis- 
: tered. WAYSIDE FARM. Chatham, N J 
Address, A, L. Page, (Own er), G2 Cortlandt St.. N. Y. City 
0.1. C.’s and CHESTER WHITES 
Summer and Fall pigs, bred from large, healthy, 
prolific stock. K'egistered in either Chester While 
Record or O. T. C. Record. 
VICTOR FARMS. BELLVALE. ORANG E CO., N. Y. 
For Sale-Registered O. I. C. PIGS 
Silver Strain. Ayrshire Bulls. Oxford-Down 
Rams, S. C. B. Minorca and S. C. Red Cock¬ 
erels. Prices right. Satisfaction guaranteed. 
GEO. M. LEWIS, - It. 5, Hornell, N. Y. 
Eureka Stock Farm 
Now reatlv for Shipment: 
100 Registered Chester 
White Pigs, includinir a 
full line 10 weeks old, that 
can be mated in pairs and 
trios not akin; also a tine 
lot 3 to 4, 4 to 5 and 5 to 6 ^ 
months old. Write for prices 
EDWARD WALTER, ’ DEPT. R 
WEST CHESTER, PENNA. 
ini] BERKSHIRE PIGS —6 to 8 weeks old, fine 
healthy stock, CAT ROCK FARM, Westwood, Mass. 
For Sale—Berkshire Piga“^ oice ^.| > ( ’j« e jJ; 
ship —$10 each. A, I.. Fitch, Westmoreland,' New York 
UIOODI.YNN FARM HERKSHIRKS-Spri <, 
** and fa I pigs, trios not relate,- Gilts bred for 
early spring litters. JOHN W COOPER. Pineville, Pa‘ 
Berkshires Q UftL,TY that you can afiford- 
, ' V ' >l 11 CS itasy payments ifyou like. Gnarnn. 
teed as represented. A. C. HOOPER. Bozman, Maryland 
Ramhmi Pt Dorset, Lincoln, cotswolo. cheviot Berkshires - ^,? au> and Spring and 
RdlimUUIIItJI, RflMS. POLAND. ESSEX DUR0C and t,cl ^ auucs tall htte-s of the finest breeding 
YORKSHIRE SWINE-a!l ages. D. H. TOWNSEND, Lodi, N Y. P rlcad to Sb1 ‘- J- » HERETER. R. 0. 4. Gettysburg, Pa 
Registered and Grade Suffolk Sheep 
$7 each for grades; $15 each for resistered. I). It. 
HONE, CRESCENT HILL FARM, SHARON SPRINGS, N. Y. 
Special Sale for Nov. and Dec. of 
Registered Tunis Sheep 
150 head. Both sexes. All ages. Mule-foot pigs, 
both sexes Some bred sows. Indian Runner and 
White Brazilian drakes. White Cochin China Ban¬ 
tam Roosters. Prices low. Write for booklet of in¬ 
formation and prices. J. N McPHERSON, Scottsville.N. Y. 
\Y A N T E D T O IJ IT Y 
A FEW ANGORA GOATS 
HENRY T. FAY, 236 Main Street. Poughkeepsie. New York 
Dogs axid Ferrets 
Fafrply Por Qolp Booklet and Price List Free, 
reireiS ror oaie j p Morray, R.l, New London. 0. 
Ferrets for Sale color, large or 
i ci i cr 1.0 tut -Jcut small; mat„,i pairs or dozen 
lots. Choice stock. C. H. Keefer 8 Co., Greenwich, Ohio 
1717 O U C* TC For Sale—Fine Stock. Rest 
r D 1 O hunters on earth. Write 
- for Free Book and prices. 
C..M.SAL KETT.DF.PT K, ASHLAND,OHIO 
PHI I IF PMPC— the intelligent kind. Also Blood- 
UULLIl rUro hounds. NELSON'S. Grove City, Pa. 
Crtlie tmlts^JSSSS^lsW 
English BULL TERRIER Bitches 
Pedigreed Bred. _$la; open, $11). Also younger 
stock. Midfield Kennels, Bound Brook. N. J. 
AIREDALE TERRIERS 
Most useful, popular, profitable country dog 
Guards home, stock, children; kills rats, skunks, 
weasel, fox; puppies sell readily; two litters yearly. 
Strong, faithful, sensible. Sturdy, farm-raised stock 
young and grown, from best Airedale blood in world. 
Pedigreed,certified.registered 20championsin nmli 
groo. Folder. AT STUO-WESTON WILLIE, a gramlsire 
out of famous Champion King Oorang. Foe, $ 15 . 
VIBERT KENNELS, Box la, Weston, N. J. 
. J. 
up. 
COR SALE— PI'REHRET) BERKSHIRE PIG' 
r invirpmU'w 1 \ ®£i’ pIy sm!l11 - °rder earlvl 
CLOT KRDAI.L I 1 ARM, - Charlotte, N. Y. 
DERIvSHIKES IOR PROFITS-High-ciass 
sb'Ck at moderate prices. Write us 
NORFOLK LIVE STOCK CO , Box 185, Wrenthani, Mass. 
BERKSHIRES 
We have the large, thrifty kind, with lots of type, 
quality and breeding. Write for prices and de- 
senptions. TOMPKINS FA RM, Lansdale, Pa 
Springhank Herd Big Berkshires 
I have a tine lot of March and April (1914) 
Boar Pigs tit for service this Fall; of hrih 
class conformation and good looks. 
J. E. W AT ON. MARBLE DALE, CONN. 
Large Berkshires at Highwood 
Justsold eleven sows for export toArgentinn. Makes 
fourth exportation this year. We s . id 47a"regis- 
tered Her..shires during 1913, which is over a ban¬ 
died more than any other swine breeder in the U. S. 
Most of these went to old customers, which speaks 
tor use ’. Selected animals all ages for sale ‘ 
II. C. II P HARDEN!)! N <7. Dundee," N.Y. 
Berkshire Boars "Winter Service 
About Christmas time I will have a dehigo of let. 
terx asking for boars tit for immediate service Tb e 
wise ones are buying now and putting them at once 
111 their permanent quarters, so thatMr. P:g will feel 
quite at home and have his mind on business 
the New Lear s rush is on. DON'T DELAY. BOY TC0AY 
R. Y. BUCKLEY, Weodrew Farm, Broad Axe, Pa. 
lSSHlTs"'] 
the best 
i! 
When you want to raise your 
pigprofits, raise Collins' Jersey JV 
Keds. Free Book shows profit 
1 «r$7.26 on every .toiler invested. ' 
, itax 1 1 f 
COLLINS'W 375‘fbs.m 
9 months! 
