1352 
'THE R URAL NEW-YORKER 
November 14. 
THE NATIONAL DAIRY SHOW. 
T HE National Dairy Show is one of the 
great exhibitions that has lived up 
to its name and has become truly 
national in character. The recent exhi¬ 
bition at Chicago was an immense affair, 
bewildering in its variety and complete 
display. This show has become as char¬ 
acteristic as the great English shows 
which have done so much to improve the 
live stock industry of Great Britain. 
The showing of over 1,500 of Ameri¬ 
ca’s choicest cattle, and high quality im¬ 
portations numbering now in American 
herds, were only incidental features of 
the show compared with the grand show¬ 
ing of men. Keen rivalry in show ring, 
possibly occasioned jealousies, but men 
took their medicine. “Some day we may 
have a typical American breed, it may 
not be Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey, Ayr¬ 
shire or Swiss, but when our stock goes 
to Japan, to South America and Africa, 
it will not be recognized by inherited 
names from breed homes in Europe, but 
will carry honor to American dairy activ¬ 
ity,” was the forecast of one speaker. 
“What is new in breeding.” This 
was the question put to members, 
officials and judges of breeds at 
the show. Professor Van Pelt of Iowa 
answered this question: “The Hol¬ 
stein men have gone to breeding mon¬ 
strous massive cows. This has been their 
tendency for several years, and can be 
overdone. There is a similar tendency 
among Jersey men and among the other 
breeds. The small delicate refined type 
of Jersey is a beautiful creature under 
blanket in the stall and in the show ring, 
but more vigorous animals are needed for 
the farm. Jerseys have reached this ex¬ 
treme and we must be careful not to 
swing to monstrosities in the next few 
years. It seems the Guernsey men are 
right in aiming toward a medium type 
of animal efficient under farm condi¬ 
tions.” 
Secretary William II. Caldwell of the 
Guernsey Association stated: “The dairy 
cow has to stand as a producer. We 
consider the Guernsey holds the world’s 
record in economy as well as the cham¬ 
pionship. The efficient producer is the 
tvpe of cattle Guernsey men advise in 
herds.” 
Secretary Winslow of the Ayrshire As¬ 
sociation declared that it was the ten¬ 
dency to have larger and more rugged 
Ayrshire cows. The Ayrshire does well 
on limited pastures of mountain districts, 
or responds to liberal growth of the val¬ 
ley meadow lands.” The tendency is for 
animals that will stand liberal feeding 
and will reimburse the owner.” 
“The large rugged cow is the ideal 
of the Holstein breeder. Men want cows 
with capacity to produce dairy products. 
They want cows with vigorous constitu¬ 
tions to enable them to endure the strain 
of production and reproduction,” was 
the sentiment of speakers at the Holstein 
banquet at the dairy show. 
Jersey cattle men outlined their needs 
in part at the members’ banquet. Meet¬ 
ings should be held to exploit the ex¬ 
cellences of the breed. The idea has 
been successfully used by the Ohio 
Grange. The short tests were condemned 
and the toy cow criticised. 
“We want to preserve the breed char¬ 
acteristics in the Brown Swiss,” was the 
opinion of M. T. Ayers of the Swiss As¬ 
sociation. “We can have coarser small 
cows, and fine large animals. Our cows 
range from 1,000 to 1,700 pounds and 
the bulls from 1,600 to 2,700. These 
are extreme figures, but the average for 
cows is 1,400 and for bulls about 1,700 
pounds.” 
Breed Tendencies and Judging Considerations. 
J ERSEYS.—As far as one could tell by 
standing beside the ring and watch¬ 
ing what was going within, there are 
certain tendencies which the different 
breeds are working toward. I heard a 
number of opinions expressed privately 
that the judges this year do not seem 
to be sticking quite so close to the tri¬ 
wedge conformation. I refer here to the 
judging exhibitions at the National 
Dairy Show. One would have to qualify 
even this statement somewhat, for the 
tendencies in the different breeds are 
somewhat different, but it was quite no¬ 
ticeable that the first prize animals were 
somewhat beefier than the general run of 
those selected last year. In the Jersey 
breed, the judge placed a large amount 
of emphasis on the fore-udder, and lack 
of development here was discounted heav¬ 
ily. This may be accounted for in the 
fact that the natural tendency of the 
breed is to have a shallow fore-udder, and 
the judges placing a large amount of em¬ 
phasis on this point will tend toward a 
stronger development in this noticeable 
weakness. 
IToi.steins. —In the Holstein breed, 
some of the animals that , ailed off first 
honors last year did the same thing again 
this show, but others did not, even 
though in some cases, they were compet¬ 
ing against practically the same individ¬ 
uals as last year. This brings up an 
important consideration that will be 
spoken of later. 
Guernseys And Brown Swiss. —In 
Guernsey circles, there were no notice¬ 
able breed tendencies, but these were 
very well marked in the Brown Swiss. 
The individuals that were shown in this 
breed presented a very much impi’oved 
dairy type and conformation over those 
shown last year. The same old girl that 
carried off the grand championship in 
the cow class this year repeated the same 
tiling for two years back, and she is 
indeed a superb individual. She lacks the 
general symmetry of form that is pos¬ 
sessed in large measure by the Brown 
Swiss as a breed, and she is of standard 
dairy form. Should the men engaged in 
turning this breed dairyward take this 
old cow owned bv H. W. Ayers as an 
example of what they are striving for. 
they will have a breed of exceptional 
dairy type. This can hardly be said of 
some of the prize winners in some of the 
other breeds. 
Points In Judging.—Now I am done 
with the discussion of the breed tenden¬ 
cies as displayed at the International. I 
wish now to point out some judging con¬ 
siderations. but before I commence, let 
it be perfectly understood that I do not 
question the sincerity and good judgment 
of those who took part in the Interna¬ 
tional performance. There are some 
questions which are not well settled in 
the minds of the general livestock public 
as well as myself and I am sure that 
anyone who can set us aright on these 
points will be welcome >,o The R. N.-Y. 
circle. 
The Score Card. —In the first place, 
why isn’t the udder of a Holstein just 
as important an asset as is the udder 
of the Jersey? You say it is. and then I 
ask why does the Holstein score card 
give 10 points for udder, while the Jer¬ 
sey score card allows 40 points for the 
very same appendage? It looks to me as 
though the udder of the Holstein should 
be just as important a point in judging 
her as the udder of the Jersey. I ask 
this for information, and will all gladly 
welcome any enlightenment. That takes 
us back to what the score card is. As 
I understand it. the score card is the 
crystallized opinion of seven or eight 
men high up in any one breed as to what 
attributes the perfect cow of that breed 
should have. This sets up an imaginary 
cow as an ideal. A dozen different breed¬ 
ers will have the imaginary cow in mind, 
but your cow will not look exactly like 
mine, and my cow will not look exactly 
like the other man’s. If I judge the 
ring, I pick out as the prize-winner the 
animal that comes the nearest to my 
ideal. If Jones does the judging, his 
prize-winners are those animals that con¬ 
form the closest to his ideal of a per¬ 
fect cow. Resulting from this basis, blue 
ribbons will be given to two different 
cows, and when it comes right down to 
really telling which one is the best pro¬ 
ducer. regardless of our judgments, we 
shall have to try the old cow before a 
jury composed of the milk scales. Bab¬ 
cock tester, milk record and feed record. 
These are the real criterions of the cow’s 
value. 
Judging By Performance.— That vast 
horde of cows had been bru .gilt from all 
over the countryside and mere men pur¬ 
ported to be picking out the best ones in 
competition. What mockery it was to 
see this thing going on in the pavilion, 
turn on your heel and walk upstairs to 
the University of Missouri exhibit and 
read this placard : 
“It pays to test your cows. You can¬ 
not tell how much milk a cow will give, 
or how rich her milk will be by her ap¬ 
pearance. The only accurate way to toll 
what your cows are doing is to weigh 
and test their milk. (Pictures of two 
cows). These two cows are half sisters. 
They are purebred Jerseys. They re¬ 
ceive the same kind of care and the same 
kinds of feed. The figures given are the 
averages for three years. 
Pedro’s University 
Elf Dazif. 
Value of butter. $32.70 $144.00 
Cost of feed. 31.00 62.00 
Value of butter above 
cost of feed. 1.70 82.90 
“Pedro’s Elf ate one-half as much feed 
as the other cow but produced only a 
little more than one-fourth as much but¬ 
ter. University Dazie ate twice as much 
feed as the other cow but produced four 
and one-half times as much butter.” 
Judging By Conformation. —We need 
a scientific basis for judging cows if they 
are to be judged by conformation alone. 
Polishing the horns is all right, and 
makes the animals look nicer, but it 
should not enter in any way into the 
judging of a dairy animal if one pre- 
(Continued on page 1855.) 
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