1914. 
CONTAGIOUS FOOT-AND-MOUTH 
DISEASE. 
T HIS malady, which unfortunately is 
prevalent at the present time, is the 
most infectious disease affecting cloven¬ 
footed animals. It does not ordinarily 
cause death, the percentage of loss not 
exceeding 0.02 to 0.05 in the most un¬ 
favorable circumstances and conditions, 
but it leads to great financial losses in 
that it prevents cattle from thriving, in¬ 
duces serious suppression of milk, may 
cause abortion, and being so infectious 
necessitates strict quarantine, and re¬ 
striction of marketing of live animals 
and milk. It is virulent for cattle and 
also attacks sheep, swine and goats. 
Man may be affected by drinking raw 
milk of an affected animal, but milk is 
perfectly safe if boiled or if pasteurized 
to 140 degrees. The disease is quite rare 
in man. 
Contagious foot-and-mouth disease also 
is known as “contagious aphtha” and is 
caused by a virus so minute that it nev¬ 
er has been seen by the strongest micro¬ 
scope, and passes through a porous filter 
of porcelain. It therefore is technically 
termed an “ultra-microscopic” or filter¬ 
able virus. The virus in its pure state 
is found in vesicles (blisters) which ap¬ 
pear upon the lining membranes of the 
month and tongue and upon the teats and 
skin of the feet. The vesicles rupture 
and the fluid they contain may contam¬ 
inate the milk, or spread the disease to 
other animals upon pasture, litter, feed, 
and through the medium of the milk. 
Hogs generally become affected through 
the drinking of milk, whey or buttermilk. 
The disease makes its appearance in 
from one to five days, after exposure; in 
rare cases it may remain dormant for 11 
days. The attacked animal first shows 
fever, lack of appetite and drooling of 
saliva; then the vesicles appear and fever 
abates. The vesicles rupture in from one 
to three days, forming raw sores which 
scab over and gradually heal in from 
two to three weeks from the time of the 
attack. 
Smacking of the tongue is a character¬ 
istic symptom of the disease. Animals 
become quite lame when the feet are 
severely attacked. Sheep suffer the 
most in this way. Hogs also have the 
foot lesions, but may show vesicles upon 
the snout. It is possible for horses to 
be attacked, but that seldom or never 
occurs. 
The virus of the disease always comes 
from a pre-existing outbreak of the dis¬ 
ease and is conveyed in hides, hair, wool, 
horns, hoofs, litter, feed, and on the 
boots and clothing of persons. It may 
also be carried from farm to farm by 
vermin, dogs, birds and in the air, when 
dried vesicles powder and blow away. 
In at least one outbreak in this coun¬ 
try it was caused by imported vaccine 
against smallpox. The disease always is 
present in some foreign country, hence 
the enforced quarantine of 60 days upon 
all cloven-footed animals coming to us 
from abroad. 
While the disease usually runs a mild 
or benign course and the afflicted animal 
finally makes a complete recovery, it is 
not left immune to a second or third at¬ 
tack. Immunity is slight and a cow 
has been known to suffer three attacks 
in one year. For these reasons, the ex¬ 
treme infectiousness of the disease and 
the great economical losses entailed by its 
rapid spread, the only right way of deal¬ 
ing with an outbreak is instantly to kill 
ill diseased and exposed cloven-footed 
mimals and bury the carcasses deeply in 
iiiicklime. Thus the disease is “stamped 
out” immediately. At the same time the 
strictest possible quarantine has to be 
maintained as regards the infected farms, 
premises and districts and all movement 
in animals, except for immediate slaugh¬ 
ter, has to he stopped by law until the 
lisease has been controlled and all in¬ 
fected places have been thoroughly 
cleansed and disinfected. These are the 
control measures -at present being en¬ 
forced by the Bureau of Animal Indus¬ 
try of the Federal Government and the 
State authorities are joining in their en¬ 
forcement. 
The disease spreads most rapidly in 
hot weather. Winter weather may re¬ 
tard its spread. Heat quickly kills the 
virus. Disinfectants also are promptly 
destructive to the virus, a five per cent, 
solution of carbolic acid, or compound 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1383 
cresol, or formaldehyde being quickly ef¬ 
fective. After cleansing and the free ap¬ 
plication of such a disinfectant fresh- 
made lime wash should be applied by 
means of a spray and also used to flood 
contaminated floors. The pens for cat¬ 
tle, sheep and hogs at the great stock- 
yards of Chicago and other cities are be¬ 
ing made sanitary in this way at the 
present time. When these measures have 
been enforced quarantine will be raised 
and marketing resumed. Meanwhile the 
International Live Stock Exposition 
which was to be held Nov. 28 to Decem¬ 
ber 6 at Chicago, has been "called off”; 
but we understand that the exposed and 
affected cattle of the National Dairy 
Show at Chicago are under treatment in 
strict quarantine and will not be slaugh¬ 
tered. A. S. ALEXANDER, M. D. C. 
NEW ENGLAND MILK CONDITIONS. 
T HERE are at present, in some cases, 
hazy ideas in regard to the milk 
zones of New England and how they 
affect the present milk supply in regard 
to prices, freight charges, etc. Under the 
former system of transportation of milk, 
when the leased car system was used al¬ 
together, the freight per car varied ac¬ 
cording to distance from Boston; that 
is, a charge of six cents per can was the 
figure which the contractors charged in 
sections 17 to 23 miles from Boston, 
seven cents per can from 23 to 36 miles 
sections and so on the width of each 
zone increased as the distance from Bos¬ 
ton increased, up to the middle or nine- 
cent zone, which was 20 miles in width; 
from this on one cent for every 20 miles 
was added. These charges were not the 
actual freight cost, but other charges of 
expense were reckoned in also to make 
the cost come up to the official charge of 
six, seven, nine or whatever the charge 
might be per zone. The contractor paid 
so much per year per mile in actual 
freight per car which would carry a 
certain amount, usually • averaging about 
700 8%-quart cans. If more than that 
amount was carried a greater profit of 
course amounted to the leasing contrac¬ 
tor ; if less of course a reduction in profit 
was the result. The real cost of trans¬ 
portation was usually less than the 
amount allowed to each zone, be it seven, 
eight, nine or more, and these other 
charges made by the contractors make 
up the difference and render them a 
profit above actual freight cost. Many 
schemes of all sorts were thought up to 
make a little extra profit in all lines of 
milk handling, which might be a small 
fraction of a cent per can, yet counted 
up to large sums in the aggregate. 
This system still goes in most, cases 
on milk bought outside this State, but 
in this State the contractor cannot lease 
the car, but must pay a certain charge 
per can, and the railroad mans and runs 
the cars, and must take any person's 
milk, whether he send one can or one 
hundred or more at the same rate per 
can. If the amount of milk altogether 
offered on a railroad line is not enough 
to furnish a regular milk car then the 
baggage car is used, and these small 
amounts are not iced as the rule. Form¬ 
erly the price offered by contractors was 
for the middle or nine-cent zone, and was 
one cent per can more in the eight-cent, 
two cents per can more in the seven-cent, 
three cents per can more in the six-cent, 
one cent per can less in the 10-eent, and 
two cents less in the next further away 
and so on up to certain distance beyond 
which the price did not decrease any 
more, but remained the same. 
Now the announced price is for the 
middle zone section just the same, but 
does not apply to Massachusetts; that 
is, at the present time what would be the 
six-cent zone in Massachusetts is paid no 
more than the nine-cent zone in New 
Hampshire. The price paid the former 
in both is nearly the same, in fact some 
contractors are paying more in the nine- 
cent zone in New Hampshire than they 
pay for the milk they buy in Massachu¬ 
setts in the old six and seven-cent zones. 
An illustration of this is as follows: I). 
Whiting & Sons are reported as paving 
at Lyndeboro. N. II., 41 and 42 cents 
per can, distance from Boston being 
something like 100 miles. In a certain 
section of Westboro, Mass., about 30 
miles from Boston, the C. Brigham Co.. 
one of the \\ biting controlled companies, 
pays about 39 cents per can average 
price for this Winter’s milk. About 70 
carloads of milk per day are shipped into 
the metropolitan district of Boston, 40 
in Boston proper; nearly all of this 
comes from outside Massachusetts. 
Ten years ago there were many cream¬ 
eries in Maine, New Hampshire and Ver¬ 
mont, making cheese and butter; now 
Maine has only two. New Hampshire 
seven, and Vermont 218 making these 
products, the rest or over 55 per cent, are 
shipping milk or cream to Boston. 
Furthermore, a large share of these are 
owned or _ controlled by Boston contrac¬ 
tors. It is stated that the Hood people 
have obtained 25 in Vermont alone since 
last April, so if their regular supply is 
withheld or kept out of Boston at any 
time they can at once obtain a large sup- 
lily from this source. A study of the 
above fact proves the only hope of bet¬ 
tering the situation is to cooperate and 
work with the consumer on a general 
plan of mutual benefit to both, :> pro¬ 
duce a product acceptable and satisfac¬ 
tory in all ways possible for the con¬ 
sumer, who will in his turn pay a rea¬ 
sonable price to the producer for the 
same. To bring this about and cut the 
cost of transportation and delivery, es¬ 
pecially the latter, to a much lower figure 
than it costs at present, to work along 
these or similar lines, is the only thing 
to do, and wise heads are so deciding. 
A. E. p. 
Controlling Breachy Cattle.—I 
have seen many appliances used, from a 
heavy pole 10 or 12 feet long tied to a 
cow’s neck, to a rope tying the head to the 
front foot, but everything I had seen was 
detrimental to thrift, so I resorted to the 
following: From a bending factory I got 
a bob-sleigh runner and dressed it down 
to the size of a fork handle at the back 
end, and twice as large at the front; put 
a staple and ring just at the curve on 
the outer side and another about two feet 
back of it, then a strap around the neck 
through the ring, and a surcingle around 
the body, just back of the front legs, and 
through the other ring. The curved heavy 
end would hang down, and as the cow put 
her head down to eat or drink it would 
touch the ground and lop over out of the 
way, and it did not interfere with eating 
or lying down, but if she went to a fence 
it would hit it and surprise her. I 
never used it on an animal more than 
a few days before they would give up try¬ 
ing to jump. I loaned it many times and 
it gave satisfaction in every case, and I 
think there is nothing more humane or 
effectual. e. m. russell. 
Virginia. 
Dairymen and Breeders’ Meeting. 
T HE annual meetings of N. Y. State 
Dairymen’s Association and N. Y. 
State Breeders’ Associations will be 
held at Rochester N. Y., December 15-18. 
An excellent programme of addresses and 
exhibits has been prepared. Butter and 
cheese will be manufactured and a sale of 
purebred cattle held in connection with 
the meeting. 
T Tim is the great annual gathering of 
New York live stock men and should at¬ 
tract a large attendance, especially of the 
younger clement. 
The secretary of the Association is W. 
E. Griffith, Madrid, N. Y. 
Nov. 9. Fine weather and health good ; 
corn husking has commenced and new 
corn is coming into the market. Several 
killing frosts here of late; ideal weather 
for the farmer'; pastures good ; stock in 
fine condition; young Alfalfa looks good. 
A large acreage of wheat and rye was 
put out and is looking fine. Late pota¬ 
toes generally of large size and yielding 
well. The sorghum crop was good. Hogs 
selling $6 to $6.50; fowls, 9; eggs. 27; 
butter, 17 to 24 ; turkeys, 12; ducks, 8; 
geese, 6 ; corn, 50; wheat. $1.02 ; potatoes, 
50. Good work horses and mules in fair 
demand. k. S. K. 
Boonville, Ind. 
“Well sonny,” said the patient drug¬ 
gist to the small boy who had been 
hanging about the store for half an hour, 
eagerly eyeing the candy counter, “do you 
want to buy some candy?” “Course I 
wanter, but I can’t. Mother sent me ter 
buy soap.”—London Evening Standard. 
IF YOU OWN 
COWS-. 
for this I 
JJO0K 
w Today.7 
i 
Fifty-eight pages of invaluable information 
for tiie teener of dairy cattle, based on conclu¬ 
sions reach,si by government agricultural sta¬ 
tions and colleges. Tells 
HOW TO GET THE MOST 
MILK AT THE LEAST COST 
by the proper use of the feed stuffs you raise. 
Explains the daily requirements of the dairy 
cow. Defines Ready Hal ions. Balanced Rations; 
Nutritive Rations, Concentrates, efc. Endorsed 
by leading dairy farmers. Edition limited. 
Sent tree to dairy farmers lor two-cent postage. 
Write NOW. 
THE UBIKO MILLING COMPANY 
Feed Manufacturers 
1 4 E. 3rd Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 
HOR.SE 
OWNERS! USE 
GOMBAULT'S 
CAUSTIC 
BALSAM. 
A safe, speedy and poaitivo cure. 
The safest, Best BLISTER 
ever used. Removes all bunches 
from Horses. Imrosssiblo <o 
produce scar or blemish. Send 
_for descriptive circulars. 
T TIE LAWRKNCE-WILLIAMS CO., Cleveland, O. 
Unadilla Silos 
Are Trustworthy 
They preserve silage perfectly. Com¬ 
bine best construction, greatest dura¬ 
bility and convenience. Easy to erect 
and keep air-tight.. Write today for cata¬ 
logue. Agents wanted. Address 
UNADILLA SILO 00., Box C .Unadilla, N. Y 
Value 
S 1.50 
Wo are the 
only biff mail 
order com¬ 
pany that 
pays delivery 
charges on 
practically 
everything:, 
guarantees 
quick ser¬ 
vice, New 
York ffoods 
and courte¬ 
ous attention 
to every 
letter or 
order you 
send. If you 
haven’t a 
copy of “Your 
Bargain 
Book" sond 
for it now - 4 
FREE. 
for many 
other blanket 
bargains and 
118(5 other 
pages for 
great values 
on evcTrythino 
you need. 
A serviceable medium weight, well! 
made blanket at a price that saves * 
you about 59 c . \ neat pattern in blue 
and black plaids. 2 -inch blue surcingles 
over back, with 2 -inch adjustable plain 
jute undergirths hemmed 
around neck and front. 
1-4-inch stay to first 
surcingle. Ship¬ 
ping weight, about 
5 lbs. No. 32E3182 
‘^t’ce 2 $1- 12 
“ Your 
\Bargain 
Book ” 
FREE 
Contains many 
other sensa¬ 
tional blanket 
bargains and 
thousands of 
other money- 
savingvalueB in 
everything you need 
for the farm, shop, home 
If you haven't a copy of this 1186- 
pace vonorr booh soul in your 
name and address now on a postal. 
Address 
212 Stores Building, New York 
Dr. Lesure s 
VETERINARY 
Colic Drops 
Leaves nothing to 
chance. Easy to give— 
quick to relieve, and 
your horse is ready to 
work. 
A success for 35 years. 
• Satisfaction or 
money back. 
Price $1.00 
At your Dealer’s or 
direct from 
Dr. J.G. Lesure 
141 Winchester Street 
KEENE, N. H. 
Send for free book 
Don’t take chances with spavin, splint, 
/curb, ringbone, bony growths, swellings 
' or any form of lameness. Use the old 
i reliable remedy— , 
KENDALL’S 
Spavin Cure 
Its power is testified 
to by thousands of 
users. At druggists 
*1 a bottle, 6 for t6. 
Ask your druggist 
for book, -Treatise 
on the Horse.” Write 
Dr. B. I. Kendall Co. 
'13 Enosburg Falls, Vt. 
SPAVlH 
CURE 
Don’t Cut Out 
& SHOE BOIL, CAPPED 
HOCK OR BURSITIS 
FOR 
ABSORBINE 
■A* tpade mark reg.u.s.pat. off. 
will remove them and leave no blemishes. 
Reduces any puff or swelling. Does not 
blister or remove the hair, and horse can be 
worked. $2 a bottle delivered. Book 6 K. free. 
ABSORBINE, JR., the antiseptic liniment for man. 
kind. For Boils, Bruises, Old Sores, Swellings, Varicose 
Veins. Varicosities. Allays Pain. Price SI and S3 a bottle 
at druggists or delivered. Will tell more if you write 
W. F. YOUNG, P. 0. 88 Temple St, Springfield, Mass; 
HORSE LAME? 
Fse K INDIG’S Famous 
OINTlKiVT. A sure euro 
for bone, bog, and blood 
spavin, ringbone, curb, soft bunches, splint, eic. 50 cento, post¬ 
paid. £. Kindis, Jr., Remedy Co., 4S25 Woodland Ave., Phil*. 
NEGLECT 
Will Ruin I 
Vour Horse* 
MINERAL 
"SHEAVE 
years REMEDY 
MF 
$3 Package^ 
will cure any case or ’ 
money refunded 
$1 Package 
cures ordinary cases. 
Postpaid oo receipt of price. 
a.f—c.rfmn /sw*- Agents Wanted 
sad Certan jy,jte for descriptive booklet 
Slpsral Heave Remedy Co.. 4G1 Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pr 
Seed to-day for 
only 
PERMANENT .. 
cure! 
