1914. 
THE KUR.-A.Ly NEW-YORKER 
RURAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. 
HR Rural Saving and Loan Association received 
its charter from the State last week, and it is 
now open for business. The charter members are 
largely those who are connected with The R. N.-Y. 
office, but two farmers and one city party have become 
members. Loans of the money on mortgages of the as¬ 
sociation can be made only within a radius of 50 miles 
of the office: but loans on the shares can be made any¬ 
where ; and any person, no matter where he or she lives, 
may become a member. 
There are five kinds of shares: 
1. Instalment shares, on which the member pays 50 
cents a month on each share. 
2. Saving shares, on which the member pays in what 
he likes from time to time, as much or little and as 
often as he likes, until the payments and earnings 
amount to ,$100, when the amount may be withdrawn. 
3. Accumulation prepaid shares on which a single 
payment of not less than $50 per share is made, at the 
time of subscription. The earnings are added to the 
payments until the share is worth $100. when it may be 
withdrawn. 
4. Income shares, on which $100 must be paid at the 
time of subscription. The earnings on these are paid 
in cash. 
5. Juvenile shares, on which minors may pay as much 
or as little as they elect from time to time. 
The accumulations may be withdrawn at any time on 
a 60-days’ notice; but the directors may waive notice, 
and payment is then made at once. The 60-days’ re¬ 
quirement is simply a safeguard in case of withdrawal 
by a member after an investment of all the funds has 
been made. In such cases the first collections are used 
to pay the withdrawing member. 
Our ambition is to cover the whole State with these 
associations, so that every home in the State will be 
within 50 miles of an association, and consequently 
within the radius of a loan. The Land Bank will pi’ob- 
ably be ready for business within a few weeks, and 
every association will then be in position to get ready 
money for its members. When the law was passed we 
hoped to sell the bonds at a very low rate of interest 
and to make loans on a correspondingly low rate, but 
the European War scare has made money hard to get, 
and rates will necessarily be higher than before the 
war broke out. The beauty of the system is that money 
can always be had for just what the market rate is at 
the time. Just now the rate is high; but when it is 
low the mortgage creditor will get the benefit of it. 
We will accept membership in the Rural Association 
from any quarter by mail in the hope that when the 
members get acquainted with the system they will with¬ 
draw and organize an association in their own neighbor¬ 
hood. We will always be glad to help the work in any 
such case. J. J. d. 
NEW YORK FARM EXHIBIT TRAIN. 
A TIIREE-CAR demonstration train, showing the 
agricultural possibilities of New York left Albany, 
N. Y., November 2, and will be on the road until 
December 16, the route being through New York, Ohio, 
Indiana and Illinois, stopping at 43 towns, where the 
public will be admitted to see the exhibits and moving 
pictures and hear the addresses. One car contains N. Y. 
State apples, another a variety of N Y. State products, 
all labelled with the grower’s name, yield per acre, and 
net price to grower, and the third a private car. 
In the moving picture exhibit there are 2,000 feet of 
film, photographed within the last few months, show¬ 
ing farming operations and scenery in the State, and in 
addition to this 1,000 farm photographs. 
The aim of this agricultural special is to show the 
Middle West an accurate picture of conditions in the 
Empire State. 
THE NATIONAL GRANGE MEETING. 
PART I. 
HE National Grange met in forty-eighth annual 
session at Wilmington. Del., on Nov. 11, and ad¬ 
journed Nov. 20. The work of the past year was 
reviewed by National Master Oliver Wilson of 
Illinois, and in point of new Granges organized, namely 
490, it was the most successful year since 1873. The 
finances -of the order are also in good condition. It is 
proposed now to make a permanent investment of 
$100,000 in bonds of first mortgages and using only 
the income therefrom for current needs. The receipts 
last year were about $4,000 more than for 1913, and the 
total resources are $99,992.34. Mr. Wilson also re¬ 
viewed the legislative work of the order for the past 
year and outlined the policies of the Grange for the 
year to come. Among these policies are increased fed¬ 
eral aid for road improvement, conservation of our 
natural resources, effective regulation and control of 
all transportation companies, a fair and equitable sys¬ 
tem of farm credit and national prohibition of the 
liquor traffic. 
Among the multiplicity of questions which the 
Grange finds interest in and that affect the farmer direct¬ 
ly or indirectly, rural farm credits, good roads, finan¬ 
cial cooperation, woman suffrage, government owner¬ 
ship of telegraph and telephone and taxation stand out 
in bold relief. And yet the diversity of opinions on 
most of these questions is noteworthy, and yet not sur¬ 
prising when it is borne in mind that the Grange cov¬ 
ers the entire country, and the interests of one section 
are by no means the same as those of another. Per¬ 
haps the wonder is that the Grange is as successful 
as it is in defining policies that are capable of being 
worked out where conditions so radically differ. Take 
for instance farm credit. The West needs money at a 
lower rate of interest, because no farmer can afford 
to pay eight and 10 per cent, and make money if he 
has to borrow much. The West is therefore particular¬ 
ly interested in the money question. But all sections 
will agree that it should be possible for the farmer to 
procure money if he needs it at such rates as will not 
discourage investments in agriculture. Relative to 
Government aid in this matter the so-called Buckley- 
Hollis bill which emanated from the joint committee of 
the House and Senate, seemed to meet the ideas of the 
legislative committee of the National Grange the best 
of any, and yet that did not go so far as would the 
Grange, for it would insist that more substantial Gov¬ 
ernment aid should be included in the bill to steady 
interest rates and uphold the market for farm mortgage 
bonds. No farm credit bill will be acceptable to the 
National Grange nor meet the fullest needs of agri¬ 
culture, which places in the hands of private capital the 
power to make interest rates on mortgage bonds with¬ 
out limitations by federal law. 
There is, it seems, a proposition on foot in the Post- 
office Department to contract the rural mail delivery 
service to the lowest bidder, as was the case with the 
star routes, in place of giving fixed salaries to the rural 
carriers. The Grange declares “its unalterable oppo¬ 
sition to this hazardous plan of operating the rural 
mail delivery system.” It also has an idea that all lim¬ 
itations on the amount of deposits in the postal savings 
banks should be removed and that such deposits should 
be loaned direct to farmers, thus forming a kind of farm 
credit system and thus to aid in the establishment of 
rural credit. 
The question of placing greater restrictions on im¬ 
migration in the future when the European War shall 
have ended, had the attention of the Grange. The na¬ 
tional master, in his opening address said: “The appli¬ 
cant for citizenship should be required to be able to 
read and write the English language and stand a rigid 
examination in the Constitution of the United States 
and that of the State where he seeks naturalization.” 
Perhaps the Grange would not go quite so far as this, 
but it would throw such safeguards as are needed 
around naturalization, in order that only the desirable 
class of immigrants may become citizens of this coun¬ 
try. 
In 1916 the Golden Jubilee of the organization of the 
Grange will be celebrated, and it is quite pi'obable that 
that celebration may take place in New York State in 
connection with the annual meeting of the National 
Grange. The fact that the first Subordinate Grange 
was organized at Fredonia, N. Y., would seem to be 
one reason why the 1916 session should be held in this 
State. Proper effort can secure it. A committee will 
report to the next annual session an outline of pro¬ 
gram for the 50th anniversary. In this connection it 
may be said that some suitable memorial to the late 
Oliver H. Kelley, one of the founders of the order, will 
be devised, probably a fund for the extension or edu¬ 
cational work of the National Grange. 
The next session of the National Grange will be held 
in California, probably at Oakland. j. w. d. 
THE NEW YORK APPLE LAW. 
EW YORK apple growers have this year opened a 
new era in packing their fruit by statute regula¬ 
tions. The new practice has been both criticized 
and commended. Many growers have failed to ac¬ 
cept the provisions of the now law, and have sold in 
bulk to local dealers. Others have hailed the law with 
delight as a new means of carrying on their practice for 
years. 
State Inspector Wheaton, of Canandaigua, recently 
passed through Wayne County, looking after the pack¬ 
ing methods in vogue here. He stated that general com¬ 
pliance was being -made with the new statute, and that 
for the first year the results were proving satisfactory. 
Only one case had been reported under his jurisdiction 
as coming in repeated violati n to the law. and this one 
may lead to a court affair. Complaint in this case came 
through a middleman. The packer was traced up and 
warned, after which a second offence occurred. In one 
barrel the inspector selected 32 quarts of cider apples. 
Such infractions of the law, however, have been very 
rare. 
In commenting upon some of the opposition to the 
new law, B. J. Case, ex-president of the New York 
State Fruit Growers’ Association, made the following 
statement : “It seems to me. as an apple grower, that 
this law is one of the best that we have ever had in 
this State to govern the packing of any food commodity. 
All it calls for is that apples shall be branded what 
they are. The great trouble with Western New York 
apples has been that a lot of inferior apples were 
placed in the middles of the barrels and the bar¬ 
rels were marked “fancy Western New York ap¬ 
ples.” This has given our apples a bad name in all 
markets, and the people who were trying to pack their 
apples honestly suffered severely from the reputation of 
all TV estern New York apples caused by dishonest pack¬ 
ing. I cannot see why anyone should object to hav¬ 
ing his apples marked exactly what they are as to qual¬ 
ity and size. According to this law any kind of apples 
or any quality or size of apples can be packed in bar¬ 
rels and shipped into the market. The only provision 
is that they shall be marked on the heads of the bar¬ 
rels exactly what they are. It has been the slogan of 
the Western New York Horticultural Society and the 
New York State Fruit Growers’ Association, that ‘there 
is a market, at a profit, for every apple grown in West¬ 
ern New Y r ork, if every apple was put into the grade to 
which it belonged and sold for what it is.’ ” 
It was hardly anticipated that the new regulatory 
measures would take effect without some form of pro¬ 
test by growers not alive to their own best interests. 
The law is established and unless all signs fail will go 
far to give back to New York fruit its former prestige. 
A. II. 
The Situation in Evaporated Apples. 
A 8 the season advances more evaporators and cider 
mills are opening up to care for the great surplus 
of apple stock. In the market for evaporated fruit 
there is little activity. Stocks are everywhere 
more than equal to the demand and quotations are not 
• nsy to obtain. To a large extent the present condition 
is due to the complications in Europe, the natural out¬ 
let for a most important bulk of the apples evaporated 
in the East. 
In the face of the present discouragement neither the 
drier operators nor the dealers are losing faith in the 
situation. The finished output is rapidly piling up and 
the warehouses are doing all in their power to care for 
1399A 
the receipts. If Europe is not to count as a consumer 
this season, radical changes must be made to place the 
crop elsewhere and already steps have been taken to 
secure these ends. It would appear from communica¬ 
tions received from Havre and Hamburg dealers, that 
the outlook is not at all favorable in Europe. The 
Havre letter is as follows: 
“We do not know what to say with regard to our 
dried fruit contracts. First of all, we doubt whether 
you could ship, even if you wanted to. Secondly, we do 
not know whether we could, under existing circum¬ 
stances, receive the goods; and, thirdly, we do not know 
how we could manage to pay for the goods. We have 
the money here in actual cash, but the banks are unable 
to help us in any way, and they do not want to take on 
any business. It is impossible to buy an exchange in 
America, and we cannot transfer any money to our 
friends there, as the banks cannot do it. The banks 
will not ’give letters of credit, and, under the circum¬ 
stances, most business is at a standstill. Our friends in 
America say they cannot sell their exchange on France 
and ask us to pay in America. So there the matter 
stands, and. in the meantiriie, the business has stopped. 
We cannot communicate with our buyers. Letters to 
the interior take a week to reach destination and often 
never reach there at all. Telegrams take about the same 
time. So we are out of touch altogether with the in¬ 
terior.” 
A letter from Hamburg, dated September 15, to the 
California Fruit News, comments as follows on the Ger¬ 
man situation : 
“On account of war, so far as business is concerned, 
we are in a very unfortunate position and the end can¬ 
not be forseen. Personally we have done nothing since 
the war started. At the outbreak of hostilities a little 
business was done with dried fruits by dealers who had 
goods of old crops on hand, and these were sold at fab¬ 
ulously high prices, many sales being made to the War 
Department. A few cars of the 1914 crop also were re¬ 
ceived just before the war broke out, but these have al¬ 
ready been sold, and people in our line have nothing 
whatever to do at this time. Most of the young people 
have gone to the war, and those who have not gone to 
the front are engaged in Red Cross and other similar 
service. The situation here is greatly aggravated 
through our being shut off from other countries, espe¬ 
cially America. We can with difficulty correspond and 
we cannot cable or receive cables at all. Two of our 
largest houses here got together a few days ago and de¬ 
cided to open a branch in Copenhagen, from which city 
cable connection can be had with America without 
hindrance and mail connection is much easier. This 
idea has not yet become generally known to the trade, 
and I have only just now received the information con¬ 
fidentially of the prospective establishment of the sys¬ 
tem. So far as taking care of all contracts is concerned 
nothing whatever is being said yet. No one will discuss 
the matter, as it is an international question, and we 
must necessarily wait and see what other countries do. 
According to the exact wording of the law in Germany, 
however, delivery under Fall contracts is possible even 
after the present difficulties are over. A contract once 
made cannot be canceled by one party alone. Accord¬ 
ingly it is possible that September-October contracts 
may yet be delivered in December, should the way be 
open. The only question is, what position the importers 
will take on this and whether or not the government 
will establish a moriatorium in this matter.” 
To what extent foreign conditions reflect on the home 
market is shown by the volume of trading. Fancy evap¬ 
orated stock is quoted at 10 to 10cents with almost 
no business. Choice rules at 9 to 9% cents, with very 
slow movement. Trading for the last "few days has been 
in small lots only. Prime stock is quoted at from S to 
S% cents, with movement a little better than the other 
grades. Futures are doing a little better so far as de¬ 
mand is concerned, but the market is still badly de¬ 
moralized, and 4!4 cents seems to be outside, f. o. b. 
State for November delivery. Future chops are quoted 
at 1$4 to 1% cents for prime, loose in barrels, f. o. b. 
State. No spot goods are available and the only sellers 
are a few who have scattered small lots to dispose of. 
Waste is quoted at 95 cents to $1 per hundred pounds 
loose in barrels, f. o. b. State. Demand for futures is 
not active, and very little is sold under present condi¬ 
tions. a. H. p. 
Ten Months’ Export. 
URING the 10 months ending with October, were 
exported : 
Bushels. 
Value. 
Corn . 
. 8,403.635 
$6,578,230 
Oats . 
. 22.738,564 
12,262.465 
Wheat . 
. 125.189,486 
Pounds. 
127,536,062 
Fresh beef . . . . 
. 12.494.769 
1.647.714 
Pickled beef .. 
. 18,402,761 
1,815,626 
Bacon . 
. 143,313.752 
19.801.423 
Hams . 
. 119.135,714 
17,318.125 
39.656.597 
Pork . 
. 32,200,286 
3.543,639 
Cotton . 
. 2.256,794.570 
262.62s.680 
Flour . 
. 262.817.802 
Gallons. 
44,380,742 
Gasoline . 
. 172.765,067 
21,248.660 
Fuel oil . 
. 585.037,687 
15.781,220 
Crude oil. 
. 104.328.686 
4.2S3.368 
Machine oil . . . 
. 162,366,273 
21,982.457 
Government Crop Report. 
T HE government estimates in early November give 
the following crop figures with comparisons, the 
figures referring to bushels unless otherwise indi¬ 
cated : 
1914. 
Corn . 2,705,692,000 
Wheat. S91.950.0tX) 
Oats - 1,139.741,000 
Barley. 196,568,000 
Rye . 42.644,000 
Buckwheat . 17,025,000 
Potatoes . 406,288,000 
Sweet potatoes _ 56.030,000 
Apples . 258,682,000 
Flaxseed . 15,973,000 
Hay, tons. 68,60-1.000 
Cotton, lbs. 7,341,000,000 
Tobacco, lbs. 982,715,000 
1913. 
2.446.988,000 
763,380,000 
1.121.768.000 
178,189,000 
41.381,000 
13.833,000 
331,525,000 
59,057.000 
145.410,000 
17,853.000 
64.116.000 
6.772,000,000 
953,734,000 
The average per acre yield of corn is 25.8 bushels; 
wheat, 16.7; buckwheat. 21.4; potatoes, 109.6; sweet 
potatoes, 94.5; tobacco. 853.8 pounds. 
The weights of measured bushels of grains were: 
Wheat. 58 pounds; oats. 31.5; barley. 46.2. 
Average farm prices November 1 were: Corn, 69.7: 
wheat, 96.2; oats, 42.5 : barley, 51.3; rye, 80.6; buck¬ 
wheat. 88.1; potatoes. 54; sweet potatoes, 76.3; hav. 
$11.71 ton; apples. 56 cents bushel. 
