1452 
T'l-112 RURAL NEW-YORKER 
December 12, 
THE *• HOT-AIR ARTIST” TALKS. 
T HERE is one tiling we have missed 
this Summer, and as Winter is ap¬ 
proaching we miss it more. That 
is the effusions from your Madison Coun¬ 
ty. N. Y.. hot-air artist. Is he dead, or 
only sleeping? G. L. G. 
Connecticut. 
“Hot-air artist!” Now I wonder if 
our friend knew what a compliment he 
was paying me when he gave me that 
name? When I was a very small boy 
I went to the town fair with my grand¬ 
father. and saw a balloon go up for 
the first time. 
“What makes it go up. Grandpa?” 
“Hot air. Just plain hot air. my boy. 
l~ou see when air gets hot, it expands 
and becomes lighter. So the cool, heavy 
air crowds under it. and pushes it up. 
If it were not for hot air we could not 
live, for the air that we breathe out is 
impure and if it all stayed down near 
the earth, after a while it would get so 
impure that we would be poisoned. But. 
fortunately, it is warm when we expel it, 
and it goes up out of the way.” 
So hot air produces circulation, and 
if there is any one thing that a news¬ 
paper needs, that is it. But. to be ser¬ 
ious. “hot air” is not so harmful in a 
discussion. It sometimes starts the cir¬ 
culation of thought, and then passes 
harmlessly up out of the way. I have 
not been sleeping all of the past Sum¬ 
mer and Fall, and during some of my 
waking moments. I have put another cow 
through an official test. And. by the 
way. I believe that there would be a 
great many more cows with good official 
records if their owners were awake when 
the cow was ready to be tested. 
I believe that an erroneous impression 
exists (hot air if you please) that a 
cow must go through an elaborate course 
of preparation before she can make a 
creditable test. My cow ran in the 
pasture right up to calving, and I believe 
that she was healthier, and therefore got 
fatter than she would have done if shut 
up in the stable. “You can’t feed fat 
into milk.” (More hot air.) I think 
we will all agree that when a cow is in 
good flesh we cannot increase the fat in 
her milk by feeding. But there is not the 
slightest doubt that a fat cow will give 
richer milk than she will if she be poor. 
This particular cow (a Holstein) nev¬ 
er was a very deep milker, and if I did 
not use' the Babcock tester. I should 
never have suspected that she would 
make over three pounds of butter in a 
day. I was surprised to find that a sam¬ 
ple of her milk tested 4.8% fat. and be¬ 
gan inquiring as to who was testing in 
the vicinity. I finally got her in at a 
place six miles from home, leading her 
there in the morning, when she was 
milked out at noon and immediately 
started on test. Now, here is where your 
big docile Holstein puts it over the Jer¬ 
sey. Instead of trying to bellow her head 
oil' and work herself into nervous pros¬ 
tration because she was away from home, 
Miss Holstein says: “Why. there seems 
to be plenty to eat right here. And here 
is a bucket of water right handy; might 
as well get busy.” So this cow started 
right out giving 57 pounds of milk a 
day. testing on an average of 4.0%. How 
about that old “hot-air” gag that a cow 
must be kept absolutely quiet, and that 
only her regular attendant must go near 
her? 
Then, again, this cow was not blank¬ 
eted and sweated to make her tempera¬ 
ture go up. and her fat go out in the 
milk. On the contrary, the stable was 
kept so cool that the man in charge com¬ 
plained of the cold. 
I think that John Gould of Ohio was 
father of that extra choice bit of “hot 
air” that “A cow gets all the exercise 
she needs chewing her cud.” Yet these 
cows were turned out for exercise every 
morning, and an attendant kept them 
continuously moving about the yard. 
The cow finally gave 395 pounds of 
milk testing 22.85 lbs. butter in seven days. 
Not a big test, but a whole lot better 
than no record. If she had remained at 
home, if I could have fed and milked her 
right along, and I had known just ex¬ 
actly what and how much to feed her, 
ahe would, in all probability, have made 
* better record. But. really, I don’t be¬ 
lieve that she would have done so much 
better as some would have us believe. 
Now after the “hot air” has risen and 
blown away from this “effusion” I hope 
the impression will remain that any man 
of ordinary judgment can keep a herd 
of purebred cattle and get good records 
on a fair share of them if he will not 
sleep all Summer. j. grant morse. 
Cistern for Barn, 
I HAVE 30 head of young stock and 
think we will have to build a cistern 
at the barn. About how big should it 
be. so when filled it >uld supply them for 
a couple of months anyway? Would 
you build round or square? About the 
inside, does stonework have to be laid 
and cemented, or could a wooden form 
be used and cement poured in directly 
against the earth? What proportion ce¬ 
ment and sand, and how much cement 
would it require? My stock range from 
yearlings to 2*4 years old. How would 
a cistern be finished over the top for abso¬ 
lute safety, and would it have to be 
larger on the top than bottom? 
Carmel, N. 1’. o. v. s. 
A cow requires about 12 gallons of 
water daily, young stock proportionately 
less. With these figures as* a basis, the 
approximate size of a cistern required to 
supply a given number of head may be 
estimated. The frequency with which 
the supply can be replenished from rains, 
or other sources, will need to be taken 
into account and no exact figures can 
be given. Cisterns may be either round 
or square, the former shape being some¬ 
what preferable. In either case, an in¬ 
terior form of wood is built and the sides 
of the excavation are depended upon for 
, the outer form, except in those cases 
where the sbil is of such loose nature 
that it will not stand. No stone wall 
is needed where the cistern is built of 
concrete, and a good proportion for this 
latter is one part cement, two parts sand 
and four parts clean gravel or crushed 
stone: the mixture to be of such con¬ 
sistency as to pour readily. The interior 
should be finished with a one to two coat 
of cement mortar. Walls should be at 
least eight inches thick and. in large cis¬ 
terns. reinforced with wire or iron rods. 
Round cisterns may have a cone-shaped 
top. if desired, the cone to be built over 
a form of wet sand, and either form of 
cistern may be covered with a six-inch 
concrete slab built over a temporary 
floor of planks so arranged as to cover 
the cistern and to be removable from 
the inside, access being gained through 
a man-hole left in the cover. This con¬ 
crete cover should be reinforced with 
heavy wire netting, such as wire fencing, 
or with iron rods or bars. To ascertain 
the amount of cement required for the 
cistern walls and cover, figure out the 
number of cubic yards in them and al¬ 
low one and a half barrels of cement to 
each cubic yard when mixed in the pro¬ 
portions above given. m. b. d. 
AILING ANIMALS. 
Lameness. 
I HAVE a horse that is lame in his 
shoulder, evidently of long standing. 
He has been confined most of the time 
for four months and treated with var¬ 
ious luiiments but without improvement. 
In walking he does not bring this foot as 
far forward as lie does the other. What 
can I do for him? g. ir. T. 
Connecticut. 
We cannot diagnose a mysterious case 
of lameness without making an exam¬ 
ination. but it is quite possible that the 
shoulder is not the seat of the lameness. 
If the horse thrusts the foot forward 
when standing at rest the foot is the 
seat of the lameness, and we should clip 
off the hair and blister the coronet (hoof- 
head) with a cantharidine blister applied 
two or three times, if necessary, at in¬ 
tervals of two or three weeks. If the 
horse stands down square on his foot 
when at rest the shoulder more likely is 
the seat of the lameness, and you might 
clip the hair from the shoulder muscles 
and shoulder joint and blister there. 
Garget.* 
C AN you help me in any way to find 
out the cause for condition of my 
cows? They have garget when they 
are about dry. When they are absolute¬ 
ly dry their udders will swell and give 
a few spoonfuls of ropy milk. Last Win¬ 
ter they gave a good supply of milk. I 
made as high as 275 quarts in a day from 
15 cows. I fed a well-balanced ration 
with corn stalks and hay. The past 
Summer they were fed a small quantity 
of feed and on pasture, as flow of milk 
would stop. I gradually stopped feed¬ 
ing. One of these cows has just calved 
with a fine large calf, and only gives a 
few quarts of milk; last year gave at 
least 25 quarts a day. a. p. b. 
The cows were not properly “dried 
off.” Milk continued to form after you 
stopped milking and the milk soured, 
’otted and caused the swelling or garget. 
\ hen you wish to dry off a cow put her 
on a spare pasture and do not give any 
other feed. Milk her once a day at first 
and then every other day, leaving a lit¬ 
tle milk each time, but milking out clean 
at the slightest sign of inflammation. If 
the milk persists rub the udder twice 
daily with a mixture of equal parts of 
camphorated oil and fluid extract of bel¬ 
ladonna leaves. The cow that is not 
milking well now should not again be 
bred, as she has had garget. 
Stocked Legs. 
I HAVE a driving mare 12 years old, 
weight 1075 pounds, that gets swol¬ 
len legs around fetlocks. What shall 
I do for her? For the last month she 
has sweated more than usual when 
driven. Seems to be a little out of con¬ 
dition. Coat does not seem right. I 
feed oats and mixed hay. g. d. s. 
New York. 
Indigestion apparently is present in 
the case you describe, as the mare sweats 
and has an unhealthy coat of hair, as 
well as the tendency to stocking of the 
legs when stabled. It is probable that 
you are feeding too heavily for the 
amount of work she does. Let her oc¬ 
cupy a box stall when in the stable and 
bed with shavings or sawdust, if she 
eats straw litter. Do not let her stand 
a day idle in the stable. Reduce the 
feed and avoid new oats and new hay. 
Rub the legs dry each time she comes 
into the stable; then ba.-dage from feet 
to knees and hocks. Allow free access 
to rock salt. Ito not give any medicine. 
If the sweating continues clip the hair 
from her belly and from the legs above 
knees and hocks. 
Fistula, 
D OES fistula leave any injurious after 
effect on a horse, after being healed 
up? I am considering buying a five- 
year-old mare, which has had this trou¬ 
ble. but is otherwise sound. 0 . ii. m. 
Delaware. 
If the fistula is perfectly healed and 
the part is not in any way sensitive when 
handled and not distorted so that it will 
interfere with proper fitting of the col¬ 
lar. the mare may be bought. A consid¬ 
erable reduction in price should be made 
on account of the blemish. If the mare 
has but recently recovered you will have 
to be more careful in your examination 
than if she has been well for a long time. 
Pin Worms. 
I HAVE two young horses troubled 
with pin worms. What is the treat¬ 
ment? s. j. s. 
New York. 
These worms inhabit the rectum, and 
are only injurious by causing irritation 
which induces tail rubbing. They may 
be destroyed by injecting two or three 
quarts of soapy warm water containing 
a cupful of strong tobacco decoction 
made by steeping tobacco leaves or stems 
in boiling water or use a decoction of 
one ounce of quassia chips to the quart 
of hot water. Give the injection at 
night and repeat three times at intervals 
of two days. 
Feeding a Foal. 
I HAVE a colt 5)4 months old, weaned 
it two weeks ago. I now feed the 
colt one quart of wheat bran and 
three-quarters of a quart of oats damp¬ 
ened, three times a day. mornings and 
evenings. I did not turn him out much 
the past two weeks, but will turn him 
out more as soon as he gets more used to 
being alone. I noticed that he gets 
against the wall in the box stall and 
rubs his tail. What can I do to stop 
that? A. K. 
New York. 
Twice a day let the colt take all he 
cares to clean up of a mixture of equal 
parts of wheat bran and crushed oats, 
and gradually substitute whole oats. One 
has of course first to accustom a foal to 
such feed. He may also have sweet skim 
milk to drink, if you have it to spare; 
but watch that it does not cause scour¬ 
ing. Let him run out doors as much as 
possible and have free access to the best 
of hay. as well as grass. Feed carrots 
as a part ration in Winter and in cold 
weather he may have a little corn. Let 
the colt lick rock salt at will. Wash 
the root of the tail with salt water twice 
a week. If he continues to rub worms 
are the probable cause and we should 
mix in the feed twice daily for a week 
one heaping teaspoonful of a mixture of 
two parts salt and one part each of sul¬ 
phur and dried sulphate of iron, then 
skip 10 days and repeat. 
Colic. 
W HAT is a good reliable colic remedy? 
The animal affected is a good 
work mare, but keeps thin. We 
raised our own corn for feed and have 
plenty of fodder. We also raised a lot 
of fodder for her. planted the corn after 
we dug our early potatoes. f. m. 
New Jersey. 
There are several kinds of colic, and no 
single remedy is suitable for all. On 
general principles it usually is safe to 
give two ounces of turpentine and one 
ounce of laudanum shaken up in a 
pint of raw linseed oil. In wind colic 
omit the laudanum and add a dram of 
fluid extract of mix vomica. It often is 
found necessary to tap a bloated horse 
by means of a trocar and canula. 
A. s. A. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
II. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Sound Shoulders— 
More Work 
Sound shoulders, free 
from, galls, let your 
horse pull his hard¬ 
est and do more 
work. 
Gall Cure Collars 
prevent and cure galls. The 
curled-hair pad makes a nice 
smooth cushion for your horse’s 
shoulders. Good materials 
make these collars last 1 to 2 
years longer. 
“Honest Wear” Harness 
are made of good honest ma¬ 
terials—best oak-tanned leather 
—well waxed linen stitching. 
Made full size to fit large horses. 
Money-Back Guarantee 
Defects of harness and collars made 
good or your money back. 
Buy from your Harness Dealer 
Write tor booklet about Gall Cure Collars 
THE OLMSTED CO. Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. 
WO Ui 
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THE GASOLINE ENGINE ON THE 
FARM. Its operation, repair and uses. 
By Xeno W. Putnam. 
This is the kind 
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OHO pages. Nearly 180 engravings. 
This book will be sent to any address prepaid for 
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The Rural New Yorker, 333 West 30th St., N. Y. 
