66 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
will soon eradicate the yearnings for the exciting 
and destructive amusements of the cities, and the 
sons and daughters of the soil, that have been 
trained in the manner indicated, will “ love with 
intense affection, every foot of ground they tread 
upon, every tree, and every vine, and every shrub 
that their hands have planted, or their taste 
trained;” and their affections will be centered in 
that family home, where their minds and affections 
were first developed, and where they were first 
taught to aspire for the happy and honorable po¬ 
sition of the true “ Country Gentleman .” C. H. 
Cleaveland. Waterbury , Vt., Dec., 1852. 
Answers to Inquiries. 
Messrs. Editors —What is the value of oil cake, 
as compared with corn meal for fattening cattle? 
Where meadow's become “ run out,” is it the 
better way to “ top-dress” them with manure? 
and if so, the right time for doing it ? 
To your correspondent, T. T. C., I would say— 
warm stables, water in the yard or stable, good 
care, would save something in the way of fodder. 
S. Malone, N. Y. 
We are not aware of any experiments which 
have been made in this country, to determine the 
relative fattening properties of oil cake and Indiau 
corn. Boussingault, however, estimates the com¬ 
parative value from analysis, which, in this in¬ 
stance, may be relied on with considerable confi¬ 
dence, at 59 lbs. of corn to be equal to 22 lbs. of 
linseed cake. It is worthy of inquiry, whether 
oil cake may not vary considerably in quality, ac¬ 
cording to the degree of pressure to which it has 
been subjected in differed mills, and whether the 
oil cake of this country may not differ from that 
examined by Boussingualt. 
We have in all cases found it decidedly best for 
renovating old meadows, to plow them up, ma¬ 
nure and crop the ground, and then seed down 
heavily —sowing three or four times as much grass 
seed as the usual quantity. Observations satisfy 
us that no old meadows or old pastures are equal 
to new ones prepared in this manner. We have 
raised between four and five tons of hay per acre 
on a two-year meadow, consisting of land of mo¬ 
derate fertility, by sowing a bushel of seed per 
acre, consisting of equal portions of clover and 
timothy, harrowed in lightly early in spring, and 
constituting the only crop on the ground at the 
time. -- 
Messrs. Editors —Can you inform me through 
the pages of the Cultivator, at what time the 
“fly” deposites its eggs in the wheat plant. I 
am about trying some experiments to prevent 
their depredations on the wheat crop, and I desire 
to know as near as possible their time of attack. 
Yours respectfully, F. B. Poley. 
According to the most accurate observers, 
the Hessian fly passes annually through two 
generations. The perfect insects usually com¬ 
mence depositing their eggs about the first of au¬ 
tumn, and continue for some three weeks. This 
period, however, varies considerably. It hatches 
and continues in the larva state through winter, 
near the root of the wheat plant, is changed to the 
pupa early in spring, and soon comes out the per¬ 
fect fly, about three or four weeks after the dis¬ 
appearance of frost from the soil. These insects 
deposit their eggs and soon perish, the larva from 
which enter the pupa or flax-seed state, about the 
first day of summer, or when the wheat is begin¬ 
ning to throw up its heads. During the latter 
part of summer, these again emerge in the state 
of flies, and furnish eggs for the autumn brood. 
Literary Notices. 
The Horticulturist, and Journal of Rural Art 
and Rural Taste. Edited by P. Barry, and publish¬ 
ed by James Vick, Jr., Rochester, N. Y.—The an¬ 
nouncement of Downing’s Horticulturist in other 
hands, was received by some with an ominous shake of 
the head and a long drawn sigh, which told too truly 
how deep a hold he had on the hearts of his readers. 
Though this feeling may linger still to some extent, the 
appearance and contents of the first number will do much 
to re-inspirit the friends of rural art and rural taste, and 
assure them that they are still to have a publication, 
conducted in the same genial spirit, supported by the 
same contributors, ministering to the same ends, and 
appealing to the same love of the beautiful. 
The January number is rich in illustrations, contain¬ 
ing a spirited engraving of Mr. Downing’s residence, 
with a plan of his grounds, and several beautiful illus¬ 
trations of scenes about and in them, and a lithograph of 
the Sheldon pear. The contents are varied and highly 
creditable. The following articles are by the Editor: 
The Present and Future of American Horticulture; 
Trees for Streets and Avenues; The Sheldon Pear, 
When to Prune. The Home of Mr. Downing is a well 
written and interesting article, and the number, as a 
whole, will bear careful perusal. The Horticulturist 
is now published at $2 a year'—an edition with colored 
plates at $4. -- 
The National Magazine; devoted to Literature, 
Art, arud Religion. Abel Stevens, Editor. Carlton 
& Phillips, publishers, New-York.—This magazine com¬ 
mences its second volume with the January number. 
While it excludes fictitious writings from its pages, it is 
not lacking in variety, and the moral and religious ar¬ 
ticles are of such a tone and character as to add to the va¬ 
lue of the work, judged of merely by the standard of lite¬ 
rary merit. The contents are almost altogether original, 
and give evidence of talent, care, and taste. Monthly, 
at $2 a year, in advance. 
Every Thing in its Place. —The man who 
loses half an hour daily going for or hunting dis¬ 
placed tools, loses 150 hours per year, or about 
half a month working time. 
