1853. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
91 
are not usually changed in this particular, so as 
to become productive every year, but only to bear 
better crops in their productive seasons. 
( c ) We have never known any degree of ferti¬ 
lity to burst the bark of cherry trees in this state, 
although such is the result in the west. We have, 
however, known cherry trees to be killed by a hea¬ 
vy application of strong manure, that would not 
have injured an apple tree. 
( d ) Tender fruits, as peach and apricots, should 
have a northern exposure, that they may mature 
in season in autumn, and escape the danger of early 
growth in spring. 
(e) There is a great deal of theory on the sub¬ 
ject of pruning and not much close observation in 
practice; but so far as practice has gone, it has 
condemned spring pruning, and recommended late 
summer, autumn, or what is nearly as good, early 
winter pruning. Very small limbs or shoots may 
be pruned at any time. Large wounds should be 
covered with a wet excluding-coat-—such as shellac 
and alcohol, of the consistency of thick paint, 
which is the best composition for this purpose. 
The Two Earliest Market Peaches. 
A. Higley, of Hart’s Grove, Ohio, inquires for 
the two best and earliest peaches for an orchard of 
four hundred trees, to supply Buffalo market. 
For extreme earliness, take Serrate Early York 
and Fay’s Early Ann. The latter may not yet be 
in extensive supply by the nurseries. Asa sub¬ 
stitute, plant Early Tillotson, a better peach than 
either in flavor, and a productive sort, but a poor¬ 
er grower in consequence of the mildew on its 
leaves and shoots. Cole’s Early Red, is a free 
growing tree, and an abundant bearer, the fruit 
of good size, of fine appearance, and of good 
but not the highest flavor. 
The Stanwick Nectarine. 
Our readers will probably recollect the notices 
of this new nectarine, which appeared two or three 
years since, and which placed this new eastern va¬ 
riety far above any thing of the kind that had 
ever appeared. Small one-year trees sold in Eng¬ 
land for thirty to fifty dollars each. It appears 
by a late number of the London Gardners’ Chron¬ 
icle, that its value is likely to be much diminished 
by its extreme lateness—a quality not at all obvi¬ 
ous in its Syrian localities, where our autumn 
fruits ripen early in summer. The Elruge and 
Early Voilet nectarines, old standard sorts, ripen 
under glass in England, early in autumn; the 
Stanwick, according to the account given, “ re¬ 
mained on the tree hard and green till past the 
middle of October, and then cracked, and did not 
ripen.” In other places the same result occurred, 
showing plainly that in England it cannot be ex¬ 
pected to mature without fire heat. It will un¬ 
doubtedly succeed better in this country, particu¬ 
larly in the middle and southern states. Fromjts 
excellent quality, it is proposed to use it for cross¬ 
ing with our more common nectarines, in the pro¬ 
duction of new seedlings. The Gardeners’ Chron¬ 
icle, without mentioning names, treads rather 
closety on the toes of the Duke of Northumber- 
I land, for disseminating among pomologists the ex- 
3 cellent specimens he raised, without ever so much as 
ft mentioning that they were ripened in a hot-house; 
m but concludes that as the proceeds were for chari¬ 
table purposes, that this omission may be, per¬ 
haps, in some degree excusable. 
Culture of the Raspberry. 
Newark, N. J , Dec. 1, 1852. 
My Dear Sir— -Yours of the 27th ultimo, so¬ 
liciting information respecting the culture of the 
raspberry, was duly received. The inquiries you 
make shall be considered in the order in which you 
propounded them. 
The Fastolf,.Red Antwerp and Franconia, are 
the three best varieties in cultivation. The Fas- 
tolf is the richest, most highly flavored, and lar¬ 
gest berry, but is too soft for a market berry un¬ 
less the market is near at hand, and the greatest 
care is taken in picking and conveying to market: 
The True Antwerp, known here as the North 
River Antwerp, and the Franconia, have sustained 
most fully the character given (hem by Mr. Down¬ 
ing, as to size, flavor and productiveness, and be¬ 
ing hardier berries, are decidedly better for general 
cultivation. In the vicinity of Boston, whefe-both 
these berries have been tested, the Franconia is the 
favorite berry. With us the Antwerp has been 
most favorably received, possibly because it has 
been better known. The Franconia, however, is 
beginning to assert its claim to a higher place in 
our estimation, than it has hitherto enjoyed. That 
indefatigable fruit cultivator, J. W. Hayes, lias 
plantations of all the varieties, and after thorough¬ 
ly testing them, side by side,give£ the preference, 
even in our climate, to the Franconia. It is said 
to be later in ripening than the Antwerp. InNew- 
Jersey we have not found this to be the case. May 
not such an impression be owing to its ripening its 
crop for a longer period? I know of no variety so 
prolific as the Franconia. 
The Yellow Antwerp is a most admirable berry, 
and is worthy a place in every garden. Like the 
Fastolf, it is high flavored and soft, and conse¬ 
quently hot adapted to general cultivation, but 
adds very much to the beauty of a dish of fruit, 
by contrasting so finely in color with the other va¬ 
rieties. 
I have said nothing of Knevit’s Giant—its high 
commendations entitle it to a more general trial, 
with the hope it will soon be removed from the 
trial to the tested list, in the catalogue of the Ame¬ 
rican Congress. 
The raspberry will grow well in any soil, if made 
rich, and sufficiently deep. My soil is a gravelly 
loam, and in it I find the raspberry to grow remar¬ 
kably well; as- evidence of this can add—I have 
taken from 65 stools, occupying a strip of ground 
4 by 200 feet, canes that have yielded me when 
sold, $50. I have seen the vines of equal vigor 
and productiveness on clayey soils. Mr. Downing 
advises choosing an open sunny quarter of the gar¬ 
den, for a raspberry plantation, the wisdom of 
which it does not become me to question for north¬ 
ern climates, but it is not the best for our latitude. 
My raspberries have done best, both in the pro¬ 
duction of fruit, and in the growth of canes, 
where they have enjoyed some protection from our 
parching mid-summer sun. 
You know my farm is so fully appropriated to 
the production of fruit, as to merit the appella¬ 
tion of a fruit farm. Having studied to crowd 
together the greatest number of trees consistent 
with their best condition, in a given space, to oc¬ 
cupy most fully the ground with fruit, and thus 
attain to the practice of the greatest economy in 
