\ 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF POINTS OF CATTLE. 
A. Occipital Bone— R. Frontal Bone— C. Hern— JD. Eye— E. Nose— F. Lip— n. Face— m. Cheek— H. Dew¬ 
lap— M. Brisket— N. Chest— I. Neck— k. Shoulder-blade—5. Shoulder-points— L. Crops— Q. Back— -R. Loin— 
S. Hips, or Hucks, or Hooks— u. Thurl, or Whirl Bone, or Round Bone—T. Rump— W. Plates of the Belly— 
V. Flank— X. Cord of the Tail—0. Fore-arm—F. Thigh— h. Hock— p. the Elbow—r. the Leg or Shank, 
Cannon Bone— x. Ear. 
just sufficiently curved to blend its upper portion 
smoothly with the crops,..... 4 
The Crops must be full and level with the shoul¬ 
ders and back; and is, perhaps, one of the most 
difficult points to breed light in the short-horn,. 8 
The Back, Loin and Hips should be broad and 
wide, forming a straight and even line from the 
neck to the setting on of the tail, the hips or 
hucks round and well covered,. 8 
The Rumps laid up high, with plenty of flesh on 
their extremities,... 5 
The Pelvis should be large, indicated by the width 
of the hips (as already mentioned) and the breadth 
of the twist, ....... 2 
The Twist, should be so well filled out in its 
“ seam ” as to form nearly an even and wide 
plain, between the thighs,.;.. 3 
The Quartep.s— long, straight, and well developed 
downwards,. 5 
The Carcass— round; the ribs nearly circular, and 
extending well back,. 4 
The Flanks —deep, wide, and full in proportion 
to condition,. 3 
The Leg— short, straight, and standing square with 
the body,. 2 
The Plates of the belly strong, and thus preserv¬ 
ing nearly a straight under line, ... 3 
The Tail— flat and broad at its root, but fine in its 
cord, and placed high up, and on a level with 
rumps,. 2 
The Carriage of an animal gives style and beau¬ 
ty ; the walk should be square and the step quick; 
the head up,. 2 
Quality —On this the thriftiness, the feeding pro¬ 
perties, and the value of the animal depend; and 
upon the touch of this quality rests, in a good 
measure, the grazier’s and the butcher's judg¬ 
ment. Jf the “touch ” be good, some deficiency 
of form may be excused; but if it he hard and 
stiff, nothing can compensate for so unpromising 
a feature. In raising the skin from the body, 
between the thumb and finger, it should have a 
soft, flexible and substantial feel, and when be¬ 
neath the out-spread hand, it should move easi¬ 
ly with it, and under it, as though resting on a 
soft, elastic, cellular substance; which, however, 
becomes firmer as the animal “ripens.” A thin 
papery skin is objectionable, more especially in 
a cold climate,. 35 
The Coat should be thick, short and mossy, with 
longer hair in winter, fine, soft and glossy in 
summer,. 2 
The Udder— pliable and thin in its texture, reach¬ 
ing well forward, roomy behind, and the teats 
stand wide apart, and of convenient size,. 3 
100 
Points of the Short-horn Bull —1853. 
As regards the male animal, I have only to remark, that 
the points desirable in the female are generally so in 
the male, but must, of course, be attended by that 
masculine character which is inseparable from a strong 
vigorous constitution. Even a certain degree of 
coarseness is admissible, but then it must be so ex¬ 
clusively of a mansculine description as never to be 
discovered in the females of his get. 
In contra distinction to the cows, the head of the bull 
may be shorter, the frontal-bone broader, and the 
occipital flat and stronger, that it may receive and 
sustain the horn—and this latter may be excused if 
a little heavy at the base, so its upward form, its 
quality and color be right. Neither is the looseness 
of the skin, attached to, and depending from the un¬ 
der jaw, to be deemed other than a feature of the sex, 
provided it is not extended beyond the bone, but 
leaves the gullet and throat clean & free from dewlap. 
The upper portion of the neck should be full and mus¬ 
cular, for it is an indication of strength, power and 
constitution. The spine should be strong, the bones 
of the loin long and broad, and the whole muscular 
system wide and thoroughly developed over the en¬ 
tire frame. 
