1853, 
THE CULTIVATOR 
237 
heated the smoke -the more rapid it rises, and re¬ 
quires a less aperture -to pass off,* hut as it be¬ 
comes chilled as it leaves the fire, -of -course it 
is lqss elastic and requires a larger flue, that it may 
not choke up and set back into the room, as we 
too frequently-see it. Respectfully, -S.W. Jew¬ 
ett, Middle-bury , FI. 
Toll-House. 
No building is placed in a more conspicuous'po¬ 
sition-than a toll-gate houseand as a general 
remark, none is more destitute of architectural 
taste.j for if there is in the whole country, on our 
numerous turnpikes and plank roads, a single 
really handsome erection for this purpose, we have 
never been so fortunate as to find it. Many 
of the roads, it is true, pay very scanty dividends, 
and although the stockholders may be rich, the 
company Is poor- and we must admit the same 
excuse that is rendered for the erection of the 
slap-and-turf shanty-—no better can be afforded. 
But this is by no means universally the case; 
some-of these corporations are making money ra¬ 
pidly, and deserve to be represented by a decent 
looking structure'. 
(Fig. 1.) 
The accompanying figure represents a plain and 
simple, but architectural cottage for a toll-gate. 
The open porch is the place for receiving payment 
from travelers. A few trees planted about this 
cottage, it is very evident' would impart to the 
whole, a neat and beautiful appearance. This 
house may he built of cobble or block stone for 
about $400, and might easily be converted into a 
18 
the wing. It would then contain a living room 12 
by 15 feet; a bed-room 11 by 12 feet ; a kitchen 10 
by 12, with a small store room partitioned off from 
it; and another bed-room 8 by 14. 
In some instances, where the road is very profit¬ 
able, a substantial cottage -of more costand preten¬ 
sions might be erected, a hint for which may be fur¬ 
nished in the accompany ing view (fig. 8) represent, 
ilig the entrance lodge-of the Derby Arboretun, in 
England, and which would also be greatly im¬ 
proved by half -a dozen good ornamental trees. 
Kigia. Culture and Heavy Crops. 
The following account (copied from the Mark 
Lane Express.) of the enormous amount which 
may fee obtained from land when under deep, 
thorough , and constant cultivation, and very high 
manuring, exhibits in a striking light the superi¬ 
ority of such management. It must be remembered 
that all the profits here attained (over $500 per acre 
for mangel wurtzel, besides two other crops the 
same year,) are accomplished by spade cultivation 
and hand labor; let trench-plowing, subsoiling, and 
horse drilling and horse cultivation, take their 
place, and the difference between cheap labor and 
good markets, as in the instance given,and higher 
labor and lower markets in this country,, would 
certainly be fully made up. We are not at all sur¬ 
prised at the small extent of root culture among 
our farmers, when we see the great want of econ¬ 
omy in their culture and management. Where, for 
instance, shall we find such an implement in use 
as Garrett’s horse hoe, which will dress out at one 
passing, ten rows of roots, shaving all the weeds 
within an inch of the pi ants, and managed and 
guided by a single hand?— 
For the benefit of the readers of your journal, 
I beg to inform the “ Devonshire Farmer” that 
Mr. Charles Bagley, of Fulham, a market garden¬ 
er of the first magnitude, within the last five years 
has grown, and weighed publicly, when topped, 
tailed, and well cleaned, upwards of 80 tons of 
mangel wurtzel per acre, and sold it to the Lon¬ 
don cow-keepers at 27s. per ton. I understand 
he grew about'seven acres of the said mangel. He 
lays 100 tons of manure per acre per year; and 
he plants upon the land that is for mangels, after 
Michaelmas, cabbages, in rows one foot asunder, 
being 43,560 cabbages upon an acre Early in the 
spring, every other row of cabbages, containing 
21,780 upon an acre, is taken away, and they are 
sold in bunches as greens, and a row of mangel 
wurzel is planted in the place, by the side of 21,- 
780 cabbages upon an acre, being then a row of 
cabbages and a row of mangel adjoining the cab¬ 
bages. The cabbages stand until they are fit for 
market; they are then taken away to make room 
for the mangel, being one root of mangel in two 
square feet, alias 24 inches by 12 inches, or 288 
square inches for each mangel wurtzel. Of course 
a market gardener of such great discernment 
would not let a plant be wanting to make up a full 
crop; at that rate and management there is not a 
foot of ground lost, very unlike the crops of many 
farmers. 
This* market gardener occupies about 80 acres 
of land, a great part of it his own property. . I 
have known him in what they call the gathering 
season, pay £100 a week for labor; and I have 
seen, not in the busiest time, 50 men laborers leave 
the gardens to go to dinner, and also with them 
25 women, making together 75 people, employed 
upon 80 acres > and I have seen them return again 
after dinner. I have known this persevering mar¬ 
ket gardens;- nave two crops in a year, besides a 
crop of mangel. The first early row of cabbages 
being taken away, a row of lettuce is planted 
