242 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
August. 
Opening of the Crystal Palace. 
The Crystal Palace at New-York, a view of which is given above, though yet unfinished, and' the articles for 
exhibition only partially arranged, was opened Thursday, July 14, and the inauguration ceremonies took place. 
The exterior of the building has a very graceful, airy appearaee, and its proportions are so perfect that one is 
deceived with reference to its sizre. The.effect of the dome, supported by the slight walls of iron and glass, is 
magnificent. It seems almost suspended in the air .and held in its place by the American flag, floating proudly 
above it. The Palace is enclosed by a neat fence, and when the building materials are removed, will look very 
tastefully. 
are continually reproduced from seed, they should, if 
possible, possess a degree of permanence to prevent rapid 
deterioration. It is well known that some celebrated 
breeding animals have their characteristics stamped 
with much uniformity on the offspring, while the pro¬ 
geny of others is quite unreliable. So also some plants 
preserve the identity of the variety under continual re¬ 
production from seed, much better than others. Those 
permanent sorts will of course be the most valuable, 
other things being equal. But this difference will he of 
no consequence whatever with those plants that are pro¬ 
pagated by a section of the same individual, as in po¬ 
tatoes by cuttings of the tubers, in fruits by budding 
and grafting, and in grapes, currants and gooseber¬ 
ries, by cuttings and layers.. The same individual 
is here only multipled in number, no new one is pro¬ 
duced? and hence no'permanent change can possibly 
he produced in a variety of the potato by selecting large 
or small tubers, or by cutting them into pieces. The 
only influence is temporary , affeeting the supply of 
nourishment or moisture to the young plan t, or the num¬ 
ber and consequently size of the tubers. For the same 
reason, no permanent change is ever made in a variety 
of fruit, by grafting into- various kind's of stocks, by 
transplanting into a poor or a fertile soil, by root prun¬ 
ing, applying saline solutions, &c., and no culture given 
to any variety of the- grape, can ever improve that va¬ 
riety or affect its period of maturity; such a change 
can he effected only by the production of new sorts 
through the seed. 
Successful Trenching and Sub-soiling. 
Many of our readers have doubtless become 
acquainted with the successful farming of LtNus 
Cone, of Oakland county, Michigan, at present an 
editor of the Farmers 1 Companion. His success 
depends on his energy and good management ge¬ 
nerally, but in a very great degree on the perfect 
I tillage given to his soil. In the first place his 
) land, which was hard,“stony, and tenacious, was 
h thoroughly cleaned of stumps, stones, and all other 
V obstructions to the plow. The rule was then adop¬ 
ted, never to plow less than about one foot deep, for 
which purpose three strong yoke of oxen were 
usually needed,-—the plow used was a modified 
double Michigan. He usually plowed but once, 
depending on-the barrow and cultivator for pulver¬ 
ization. In- some instances the subsoil plow gave 
additional depth. A field possessing considerable 
descent was subsoiled 20 inches deep. The de¬ 
scent obviated in a measure the necessity of un¬ 
derdraining, which on more level land would have 
been absolutely essential. Draining has, however, 
been adopted to a considerable extent, and pro¬ 
vision made for the removal of surface water, by 
dead furrows cleaned out to a depth of 10 inches, 
and leading towards the under drains. Now, the 
result of all this care and Tabor is, that he has not 
for many years past, failed to obtain a good crop 
of wheat, corn, barley, oats, turnepsand hay; and 
in favorable seasons, fruit has been abundant. An 
upland meadow, which had been deeply subsoiled, 
yielded, during the past season of severe douth, 
three tons of dried fodder per acre, while adjoin¬ 
ing land, treated in the ordinary way, and more 
moist m its nature, “ did, not produce one quar¬ 
ter of this amount.” The eorn showed no signs 
of drouth, and maintained its dark green color. 
The pastures were nearly as green as in spring. 
Manure .—Good farmers are not apt to improve 
largely in one direction and neglect others, and 
hence we find that this energetic manager saves 
everything in the shape of manure. A tank is 
sunk a short distance from the kitchen, and a 
wooden duct conveys all the soap-suds, wash, &c., 
into a bed of muck, turf, or rich earth, here de¬ 
posited, with all animal refuse. This forms ma¬ 
nure of extraordinary richness. A box containing 
several bushels of charcoal receives all the urine, 
and when saturated is emptied into this tank. 
ffT* Whoever wishes to harvest the tears of pity 
must sow unsparingly the seeds of generous love. 
