1853 . 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
255 
The Carriage— prompt, resolute and cheerful; 
and in the ox, gay and lively,... 3 
The Hair —thick, close and furry, and if accom¬ 
panied with a long growth, and a disposition to 
curl moderately, is more in estimation, but that 
which has a harsh and wiry feel is objectionable, 3 
The Udder should be such as will afford the best 
promise of capacity and product,.. • 2 
Color —Beds or rich browns, oftentimes very dark, 
with a white or “ brockled ” face, are now the 
colors,and marking of the Herefords, though grey 
Herefords or cream-colored, are not uncommon, 1 
Quality —On this the thriftiness, the feeding pro¬ 
perties, and the value of the animal depends; 
and upon the touch-of this quality rests, in ,a 
good measure, the grazier's and the butcher's 
judgment. If the “ touch ” be good, some defi¬ 
ciency of form may be excused; but if it be hard 
and stiff, nothing can compensate for so unprom- 
ising a feature. In raising the skin from the 
body, between the thumb and finger, it should 
have a soft flexible and substantial feel, and 
when beneath the out-spread hand, it should 
move easily with it, and under it as though rest¬ 
ing on a soft, elastic, cellular substance; which, 
however, becomes firmer as the animal i( ripens.” 
A thin papery skin is objectionable, more espe¬ 
cially in a cold climate,... 15 
100 
Points of the Hereford Bull. 
As regards the male animal, it is only necessary to re¬ 
mark, that the points desirable in the female are ge¬ 
nerally so in the male, but must, of course, be atten¬ 
ded by that masculine character which is inseparable 
from a strong and vigorous constitution. Even a cer¬ 
tain degree of coarseness is admissible, but then it 
must be so exclusively of a masculine description, as 
never to be discovered in the females of his get. 
In contra-distinction to the cow, the head of the bull, 
may be shorter, the-frontal-bone broader, and the oc¬ 
cipital flat and stronger, that it may receive and sus¬ 
tain the horn—and this latter may be excused if a 
little heavy at the base, so its upward form, its qua¬ 
lity and color be right. Neither is the looseness of 
the skin, attached to, and depending from the under 
jaw, to be deemed other than a feature of the sex, 
provided it is not extended beyond the bone, but 
leaves the gullet and throat clean and free from dew¬ 
lap. 
The upper portion of the neck should be full and mus¬ 
cular, for it is an indication of strength, power, and 
constitution. The spine should be strong, the bones 
of the loin long and broad, and the whole muscular 
system wide and thoroughly developed over the en¬ 
tire frame. 
The Staggers in Swine. 
In answer to the inquiry of T. W. C. of Spring Yale, 
N. C., we copy the following, on the treatment of this 
disease, from the American Swine Breeder :— 
This is a disease to whieh swine are sometimes subject. 
Hogs affected suddenly with this disorder, turn around 
rapidly, and if not assisted will soon die. On opening 
the mouth a bare knob, in the roof of it will be discov¬ 
ered (this, however, is not always visible), v/hich, if 
found, should be cut and allowed to bleed. Some wri¬ 
ters recommend the powder of loam and salt, rubbed 
into the wound thus made, and the administration of a 
little urine to the hog. 
A writer in the New-England Earmer, remarks that 
he ce lost two swine from ignorance as to the cure of this 
disease; but by cutting off the tails and ears of the ani- 
..mals, as the easiest way of bleeding them, giving them 
strong doses of castor oil, and turning them out of the 
sty into the pasture,” he succeeded in saving them. 
Sometimes they relapsed, but were restored again by be¬ 
ing turned out. But they did not soon come to their 
appetite, and the disease materially, and for a long 
time retarded their growth. 
Right Education of Horses. 
That horses may be educated will not appear strange 
to those who have closely observed the intelligence often 
manifested by that noble animal. The present remarks 
are designed to give some information in relation to the 
rearing and treatment of young horses, net so much, 
however, with reference to their food and drink, as to 
their quietness and docility. 
That there is a difference in the temper and disposi¬ 
tion of different horses, is not denied ; but at the same 
time it is averred that where a horse is so vicious or 
unmanageable as to render him unsafe in the harness, 
it is chargeable in almost every instance to the treat¬ 
ment he has formerly received. 
The training of colts should commence when they are 
about three months old, so as to have them beeome fa- 
milliar with the family before they are taken from the 
dam. Some colts are inclined to use their heels rather 
too freely ; in such cases great care is necessary. They 
should be approached carefully, and caressed and cur¬ 
ried, and they will soon submit to have their feet taken 
up and handled without resistance; and this will aid 
in quieting them while being shod, as the horse seldom 
forgets what he has once learned. 
A common method of weaning colts is to take them 
to some back lot, and place a heavy yoke or “ poke ” on 
the neck, which they are compelled to wear for several 
weeks until their spirits are completely broken, and they 
become more or less “ ew e-necked,” from which de¬ 
fect they rarely wholly recover. Another method, but 
little less objectionable, is to shut them in the stable; 
but this does not learn them to respect a fence in the 
least. Now the better way and the one that the writer 
has practiced with uniform success, is the following:— 
Prepare a yard, (if it contains an acre or more, sf much 
the better,) having a strong high fence, so high that 
the colt cannot possibly leap over it—from six to seven 
feet will be sufficient—and let the materials of which 
the fence is composed be the same as those enclosing the 
field where the colt is in future to be kept—either wall, 
boards, or rails, as the case may be—and place him 
there without attaching any artificial appendage what¬ 
ever, and let him understand that it is the fence alone 
that prevents his escape. He should be generously 
fed, and also have a shed at which he can retire at 
pleasure. After he has been subdued in this way, he 
may be turned into any field having a fence of the same 
kind , and of ordinary height, and he will not attempt 
to break over. Even the most spirited horse brought 
up in this way cannot be induced to leap a fence four 
and a half feet high. 
The practical benefits of the above plan are great. 
In passing through the country one is pained to see so 
many noble looking horses shaekled and hampered in 
every conceivable way that ingenuity can invent, much 
to their detriment in putting on flesh, to say nothing of 
the perplexity and trouble to the owner in adjusting the 
trappings every time the beast is turned out or taken 
up, and all for the want of a little care duringithe first 
year,—for it is eminently true in this case that an ounce 
of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 
There are many horses not c ‘ true ” or reliable, in the 
harness, having the habit to stop or balk, especially at 
the foot of a hill; this is caused by having been at some 
time overloaded, and perhaps unmercifully beaten.— 
Neighbor A. has a beautiful span of bays three years 
old, that he has been breaking in the past winter; he 
wishes to haul some rails from the farther side of the 
farm, and as the colts have become tolerably “ handy,” 
he puts on nearly a full load which they manage very 
well until they come to a “ hard spot,” and there they 
stop. The driver looks at? the load, then looks at the 
horses: they are nearly as large as the old team,—he 
knows they can draw it, and is determined they shall. 
So he commences beating and pounding the poor ani¬ 
mals until he is nearly worried out, when he throws off 
his load and goes home with loss of both time and tern- 
