tate. One of them, Mr. Richard Loasley, is entirely 
a grazing farmer. The others are mainly so, hut 
grow a little cox-n. Mr. Loasley’s farm contains, if I 
recollect rightly, a little less than 300 acres, and, is, as 
he supposes, as good land as there is in the world for 
grazing; but he thought would not be remarkably good 
for any other purpose. He said it had not been plow¬ 
ed for a hundred years certainly, and he knew not how 
much longer. He would not have it plowed for any¬ 
thing ; could not get as good a turf on it in fifty years 
if it should be plovved up. Besides, he was bound by 
his lease not to plow it. I asked him if it would pro¬ 
duce more by the use of bone dust or any kind of ma¬ 
nure 7 He said it did not require it; it produced well 
enough without. I asked him how many cattle he had 
kept in the lot where we were, which contained sixty 
acres. He could not tell; was buying and selling all 
the time; had no regular number; but thought that 
field would keep a cow and three or four sheep to the 
acre. I asked him if the setting apart such beautiful 
land, where there was no obstruction to the plow, to 
perpetual pasturage, was a common thing in England 7 
He said there was very little as good land, perhaps 
none; but there was considerable land, which all expe¬ 
rience taught would produce more net profit as pasture 
than in any other way, and when this was the case, he 
asked, why not pasture it, and why not forbid it to be 
plowed, in the lease 7 What thi3 man said has been 
confirmed to me by others. There are certain qualities 
of land here, which will produce sweet and abundant 
feed perpetually. These are appropriated to the dairyt 
or the making of beef. If the former, they are dress¬ 
ed with bone dust, to resupply the phosphates carried 
oft' in the milk; if to the latter, there is little need of 
any dressing, other than the animals give them. It 
should be kept in mind tha t owing to the cloudiness and 
dampness of the climate, the droppings of animals are 
incorporated with the soil far more perfectly than with 
us. What surprises one not accustomed to this state of 
things, is the almost perfect evenness with which the 
pastures are fed; if fed closely, they are close in eve¬ 
ry part; and if there is rank feed in a pasture, it is 
about equally so all over.. Mr. Loasley’s cattle were 
of various breeds. He buys when and where he can 
buy to advantage, but prefers the larger breeds for this 
land. I never saw finer Durhams, except at the Glou¬ 
cester show. Such pastures, I think, go far to account 
for the surpassing excellence of the English cattle. Mr. 
L. is confident that the large cattle consume less in 
proportion to their growth—thinks they are more pro¬ 
fitable than smaller ones, on his land; but that they 
fvould not do well eveiywhere. Not only the wise ap¬ 
propriation of lands to the various purposes of grazing, 
but the selection of animals suited to each district, is 
aimed at and measurably obtained by British agricul¬ 
turists. It is so with other branches of husbandry; 
and I would gladly dwell on this point did space per¬ 
mit. Their lands are subjected to one or another rota¬ 
tion of crops, to this or that mode of cultivation, with 
a wise and far-seeing policy, which in no small degree 
accounts for their success. Yours truly, J. A. Nash. 
Green Manuring. 
What is the value of buckwheat in comparison to a 
good field of clover when plowed under for a crop of 
wheat, either by experiment or analysis ? Also, of 
corn sowed and turned under for the same purpose ? 
We frequently fail of having clover catch well; then we 
need some substitute. For raising wheat, please also 
state what quantity of buckwheat or eorn you would ad¬ 
vise to sow to the acre, to be plowed under. If it is 
known what ingredients buckwheat contain, and what 
quantity of the same is needed for a crop of wheat, 
please give the information. Orrin Ortox. Falls- 
church, Fairfax County, Virginia, Sept. 1, 1853. 
We do not know that any analysis of the straw of 
buckwheat has been made, from which we can procure 
the desired information. This crop is very easily and 
quickly raised for green manuring, but in real value is 
far inferior to clover. Corn sown thickly has been but 
little tried for this purpose, and although doubtless'in¬ 
ferior to an equal weight of clover, yet as about double 
the-amount may be usually raised on the same land, it 
may yet be found very valuable. As corn is a plant 
that is much accelerated in growth by cultivation, we 
have always found best to sow it in furrows before har¬ 
rowing in, so that a cultivator may be passed between 
when a foot high. This method also requires less seed, 
and the seed being scattered in a furrow, is mote com¬ 
pletely covered with the harrow. To plow it under, 
first harrow it across the drills. Three bushels of corn 
as seed to the acre will afford one fourth more weight of 
crop than two bushels. For buckwheat, the amount 
commonly sown for raising the grain will be best. 
We are greatly deficient in accurate, measured ex¬ 
periments, to show the relative value of different crops 
for green manuring, and we should be glad if a few in¬ 
telligent cultivators would take it up, and give the sub¬ 
ject a thorough and careful trial. 
Subsoil Plows—Farmers’ Clubs. 
I have been for some time purposing to get a subsoil 
plow. The trouble is that my farm is small and I have 
but one team. Now the advertisers of the “Michigan 
sod and subsoil plow,” say it does the worV: of the common 
and the subsoil plow, and that it requires no more draft 
than the common plow. If so, I will get one. What 
is your opinion of it ? We are endeavoring to get up a 
Fanners’ Club here. Will you send me a copy of a con¬ 
stitution of some Club, or give me such instructions as 
you may think proper. C. N. B. Orient, Suffolk Co., 
N. Y., Sept. 13, 1853. 
The Michigan plow-which is strictly a ?rcTu7i-plow, 
is a capital implement, but it requires nearly double the 
amount of team to draw it, that is needed for a common 
plow of corresponding size. In turning over old pasture 
eleven inches deep, (which is about twice the depth of 
common sward plowing,) we have found it necessary to 
employ three yoke of oxen ; and about the same force. 
was requisite in plowing stubble land to a depth of one 
foot—the soil being a sandy and gravelly loam, not 
clayey enough ever to crack in drying. If a two horse 
subsoil plow were made to follow a common plow, we 
have no doubt that one foot of the surface would be 
made so mellow, that two yoke of oxen or four horses 
would run the Michigan plow through with ease. 
The two separate slices cut at the same time with the 
Michigan plow, enables it to attain a given depth with 
