4 
THE RUKAL NEW-VQKKEK 
January 2, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must l>e accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Wine Grapes in New York. 
ILL you advise me what varieties 
of grapes are mostly grown for 
wine-making in New York State, 
and the kind of wine made from each? 
Kensington, Conn. a. i. f. 
There is considerable difference of 
opinion among wine makers of New York 
as to the value of the numerous varieties 
for wine. A variety that is used in one 
locality is often considered in itself of too 
poor quality, in another; with the addi¬ 
tion of some other it may be used for im¬ 
proving color. In the “Chautauqua Belt” 
the Concord is used almost to the exclu¬ 
sion of any other variety for making port 
wines. Some wine-makers use a few 
Clintons or Ives to improve the quality 
of the Concord product. A considerabl > 
amount of Clinton is used for • blending 
waste Concords by the Italians of this 
section. Some white wines are made 
here from Concord, Catawba and Dela¬ 
ware or blends of these. In New York 
City large quantities of Concord are 
made into red wines, while a considerable 
amount of Clinton are used for blending 
with them. The central lake region is 
the principal wine district of New York. 
Here there is considerable difference of 
opinion among the processors as to the 
value of certain varieties. For the mak¬ 
ing of champagne, Delaware, Iona, El¬ 
vira, Eumelan, Isabella, Duchess -.nd Ca¬ 
tawba are used as a blend in many in¬ 
stances, while other makers use addition¬ 
al ones. For dark red wines Ives Nor¬ 
ton and Clinton are used, depending 
largely upon their availability. Catawba, 
Delaware, Elvira and Duchess are used 
to a considerable extent for the white 
wines. The two last named are not 
grown extensively enough to meet the de¬ 
mand. This is rather surprising for the 
Elvira, at least, as it is not a particularly 
difficult variety to grow, given a suitable 
soil. Diamond, though used by some wine 
makers for champagne is not tolerated by 
others. In addition small acreage of sev¬ 
eral desirable varieties are occasionally 
met with as Oporto, Bacchus and Diana. 
F. E. G. 
Growing Mushrooms Outdoors. 
AN I raise mushrooms out of doors 
by the use of spawn planted between 
rows of asparagus? The asparagus 
bed is heavily fertilized with manure. 
Sly idea is to cover the bed very early 
next Spring with fresh horse manure and 
inoculate it with spawn. Do you think 
this will work? N. o. G. 
Cincinnati, O. 
It may be possible, but hardly prob¬ 
able, that a crop of mushrooms could be 
secured by method outlined. Some auth¬ 
orities state that mushrooms can be 
grown during the Summer season by 
placing a small portion of spawn in a 
small portion of horse manure, lifting up 
sod of an old pasture, and placing the 
combination several inches below sur¬ 
face. This might work under very fav¬ 
orable weather conditions, but would al¬ 
most surely fail during a wet season, as 
of all vegetable growth, it is possible that 
the mushroom mycelium is the most deli¬ 
cate, and most susceptible to over-water¬ 
ing. I have never heard of outdoor 
mushroom growing being attempted ex¬ 
cept in an old pasture sod, and think I 
would experiment very gingerly in the 
manure-soil, method. If you want to 
experiment why not compost the manure 
several times to work heat out, then 
tramp firmly into beds six to eight inch¬ 
es deep in cellar around August? 
Most seedsmen carry the American or 
pure culture spawn, and also for a few 
cents addition usually furnish a leaflet 
on mushroom growing that gives instruc¬ 
tions, which followed, will, all other con¬ 
ditions being favorable, produce some 
kind of results. During the past few 
weeks I have seen some very heavy 
crops, and also spoke to one grower who 
said he had over one ton thrown out, as 
they met a market with no demand. I 
am personally acquainted with many 
mushroom growers, large and small, and 
find their lives are not as care-free, and 
in some instances the exchequer not so 
overburdened as to cause anxiety re¬ 
garding investment, as some may wish. 
though on the whole the spawn now is 
much more trustworthy than several 
years ago, and some very heavy crops are 
being grown. As a result many mush¬ 
rooms are not sold, and usually the price 
rules low. elmer j. weaver. 
Hot Water and Peach Borers. 
T HE inquiry of D. J. INI., page 1418, 
about the effect of hot water on 
peach grubs, and your answer there¬ 
to, were read with interest. The rock 
bottom of the matter is this: The eggs 
in this locality are laid between July and 
September. They hatch slowly, grow 
slowly, and in their early development 
are on the surface of the bark rather 
than deeply under it. A temperature of 
about 1.10 degrees will kill them, large 
or small. If a narrow cup be dug around 
every tree the last of September or early 
October, and filled with water at say at 
180 or 100 degrees, not one of that year’s 
hatching, will escape, nor a hold-over of 
the previous year, except the temperature 
in his lair does not reach 110 or there¬ 
about, which is not in the least injur¬ 
ious to the tree. It is not the water that 
is fatal, but the temperature. We are 
exports, and can clean our orchards more 
cheaply by the ordinary method, but have 
for years counseled others who are not, 
and have only a few trees, to rely on hot 
water. This is a sure shot if applied just 
at the right time. Hundreds of trees in 
gardens, yards and around the kitchen 
are in mind that bear testimony, in their 
long lives, clean growth and perfect fruit 
of the wisdom of this practice. 
II. F. II1LLENMEVER & SOX8. 
Kentucky. 
R. N.-Y.—Let those who try this re¬ 
member that the water must be hot, and 
that the job must be done at the right 
time. Cool water when the borers are 
large and have dug inside will not do the 
job. 
RECENT BULLETINS. 
U pANNING Clubs in New York 
vJ State”; this is the title of Parts 
2 and 3 of a bulletin issued by the 
College of Agriculture at Ithaca, N. Y., 
in which the reasons for canning to pre¬ 
serve food are shown and methods are 
discussed. Directions for preparing va¬ 
rious food products for canning are given ; 
a time-t ble for cooking and illustrations 
of canning outfits for home or club use, 
with addresses of manufacturers, are also 
added. 
“What Has Been Done With the Tu¬ 
berculin Test in Wisconsin,” from the 
Agricultural Experiment Station at 
Madison, Wis., describes the results of 
tuberculin testing in that State and makes 
some recommendations based upon these 
results. Among them is the unusual one 
of advocating the use of the tuberculin 
test by cattle owners who are not trained 
veterinarians. 
“Pork Production in Wisconsin.” from 
the same station, is a very complete 
treatise on the subject indicated, giving 
not only directions for the selection and 
care of hogs, their feeding, housing and 
general treatment, but illustrated descrip¬ 
tions of various types of portable and 
stationary buildings much used. 
“Social Surveys of Rural Districts— 
What They Are and How They Are 
Made,” also from the Wisconsin Station 
at Madison, will interest teachers, and 
others, who are seeking methods for mak¬ 
ing rural schools of the utmost possible 
benefit to their pupils and to the com¬ 
munity. M. B. D. 
THE BOOKSHELF. 
Studies of Trees, by J. J. Levison. 
A very concise and practical book cover¬ 
ing the whole range of tree study includ¬ 
ing the identification of trees; their na¬ 
ture, habits and growth; insects and dis¬ 
eases which attack them; their grouping 
and planting; the pruning and care of 
trees; the identification of commercial 
woods; the care of the woodlot and for 
estry in its many aspects. Clear descrip¬ 
tions are given to enable the student to 
identify trees. The book can be had not 
only in bound form but also in separate 
pamphlets, each pamphlet devoted to a 
particularly study and freely illustrated 
with half-tones. This pamphlet idea 
makes the book extremely valuable as an 
elementary manual for teachers who wish 
to give a complete course of instruction 
in tree study or any phase of it in 
schools, private classes or nature study 
clubs. By a selection from the list of 
pamphle s the teacher may arrange a 
course of instruction adapted to tin needs 
of the class and local conditions, and cov¬ 
ering the amount of time available for 
the subject. The author is forester for 
the Brooklyn park system. Published by 
John Wiley & Sons, New York; 253 
pages, freely illustrated. 
The Practical Book of Outdoor 
Rose Growing, by George C. Thomas, 
Jr. This is a most sumptuous book of 
rich and dignified dress, including in its 
157 pages a mass of information about 
outdoor rose growing in America, which 
has not before been accessible. It in¬ 
cludes a large number of beautiful col¬ 
ored plates, and is altogether a most sat¬ 
isfying book for the rose lover. Published 
by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadel¬ 
phia ; price $4.00. 
" TREES- 
v v SHRUBS - 
HP* PLANTS VINES 
For 7.5 years an acknowledged leader 
in nursery stock for orchard and yard. 
Ask the best authority you know. All 
standard varieties and tested novelties, 
true to name, and perfect quality. 
H Superior packing—safe delivery. No 
agent’s commission to pay. Most com¬ 
plete nursery in America. A75-ycar suc¬ 
cess must mean superiority and integrity 
Write for 
75th Anniversary Catalog 
It’s the standard guide—full of 
helpful information to any 
planter. Don’t order your 
stock ’till you read this book. 
Send postal today. It’s 
free for the asking. 
Ellwanger & Barry 
Mt. Hope Nurseries 
P. O. Box 212 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Don’t Buy Fruit Trees 
We nre not Jobbers or Denier*. Our prices will surprise you. 
Order from tlie grower and save disappointment later. Send 
postal today. TIIOM AH E. KIIEKItlN, NurMory- 
inan, S£1 Main Street, Dummy tile, New York 
BUY DIRECT FROM THE GROWER 
inAPPLt 
■LH5S 
SAVE HALF THE PRICE 
Demand for apples far exceeds the supply— 
a condition which is good for years to conic. 
Apple orchards yield 50% more profit per litre 
than can be obtained from any other crop. 
Rich Land Nurseries never before had a larger 
or a finer stock of apple trees than this season 
and t he prices we quote wore never lower. 
This is your opportunity to begin, or to in¬ 
crease the cultivation of this most profitable 
of all fruits at the minimum of cost if you 
buy trees from us. 
GET OUR ANNUAL CATALOG FREE 
It is handsomely illustrated and accurately 
describes our High Grade Fruit and Orna¬ 
mental Nursery Stock at 
DIRECT FROM THE GROWER PRICES 
This book tells what to plant, how to plant 
and when to plant. Besides, it contains many 
bargain offers you cannot afford to overlook. 
Satisfied customers, season after season, is 
our best advertisement. High-grade stock, 
careful packing, prompt shipment and the 
most for the money is our claim. 
RICH LAND NURSERIES 
Box 442, Rochester, N. Y. 
Freight Paid 
Trees, Shrubs, etc. 
At Big Barsain prices—about half what agents 
charge you. Some surprising Combination Offers 
you should know about—at prices that will keep 
dollars in your pocket 
Everything absolutely the finest fresh-dug stock, 
guaranteed true to name, state inspected for 
health. Not a dissatisfied customer last year. 
We Prepay Transportation On All Orders 
and guarantee delivery in good 
condition. Big stock of Apples, 
Cherries, Peaches, Pears, Shade 
and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, 
Small Fruits, etc. Our cata¬ 
logue is brimful of valuable 
information—send for a copy 
today—it’s free. 
WM. P. RUPERT & SON 
Box 20, Seneca, N. V.- 
A PPL E 
PICA K 
PLUM 
CHERRY 
PEA CH 
DWARF 
FRUIT 
TREES 
Bear Quicker 
Less Room 
Finest Fruit 
Best For 
Home Garden 
ALSO all kinds standard fruit trees 
CATALOGUE FREE 
THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES 
W. L. McKAY, Prop. Box R. GENEVA, N. Y. 
1878 Grown Right,Handled Right 1915 
TRADE MARK 
3,^00.000 fruit trees. 4c each and up; 5.000.000 
Fmall fruits, thousands of roses, rlimhinKvines, 
hodtfe plants, ornarnertal trees r 
lowest prices. WRJTK FOIL FUEL ILLUS¬ 
TRATED CATALOG TOPAY. 
KING BROTHERS NURSERIES, ' Oa* St- 
D&nsville, N.Y. * * It' a cheapest to buy the best* 
KT»iie 6 RaaI# Write at once. Secure valuable information 
I mil DOOK early. Gives all best varieties : Apple, Teach, 
F t* p p Tear, Plum, Cherry, Quince, even Berries, 
1 % Km Ei Roses, Ornamentals: Sold direct from Nurs¬ 
ery. Highest quality, healthy, hardy, guaranteed true to name. 
Secure vour choice now—pay in Spring. Special prices on your 
list, freight paid. DENTON, WILLIAMS A IIENTON 
Wholesale Nurseries, 170 Elm St., DuiihvIIIc, N. Y. 
WELLS TREES 
Won First Prize at 850,000 Fruit Trees. Apple, 5 to 6 ft., 8c; Peach, 
New Y ork State Fair 4 to 5 ft., 7c; also Cherry, Plum, Pear and 
Quince, which I sell direct from nursery to planter. Fresh dug and free from disease. Guaranteed AI>no- 
lutely True to Name. Write today for special wholesale prices, freight paid, and free illustrated catalogue. 
WELLS WHOLESALE NUK8ERIES. 78 Wellsley Avenue, Dnnsvllle, N. Y 
BUY your TREES direct from the Grower 
Pay enough to get the best, hut no more. Thousands of Apple, Pear, Cherry, Plum, Peach 
and Quince Trees to be disposed of now at wholesale prices. _ 
10 Peach trees, 
4 to 5 ft., for . 
$0.98 
6 Pear “ 
5 to 6 ft., for . 
.98 
6 Cherry trees, 5 to 6 ft., for . $1.34 
6 Apple “ 5 to 6 ft., for . .88 
Money back If not satisfied. Many other special bargains. Also Small Fruits, ornamentals, Shrubs, Roses, etc. All fro«h 
dn>;. Hardy Wentorn Xew York grown. Guaranteed true to name and free from scale. Send for our free Catalogue. 
Fstab. 1879. L. W. HALL CO., Inc., 514 Cutler Building, ROCHESTER, N. Y. We Prepay Freight 
The East can produce better fruit than the West—better in flavor, in color, in 
size. The main thing is to select the right sorts, buy the best trees, then give good 
care—but look to the trees first, for your success rests there. 
HARRISON-GROWN APPLE TREES 
H are the tuees for the North. Baldwin, Stayman, Yellow Trans- 
■ parent, McIntosh, R.l. Greening, are the right kinds if your Ioca- 
tion is suitable. Our orchard men are at your service; they will tell 
ht you what to plant, and how to do it. 
OUR 1915 CATALOGUE—FREE 
*—ready for you now. It will tell you the money- A- 
r p'.\ making Apples, Peaches. Pears and other 
M||a fruits. We want to send you a free copy— A M i- | ■ 
* -% CjfMSm send us your name and address. ff | | 
m HARRISONS' NURSERIES 
Largest Cruivers of Fruit Trees in the World 
nF Box 534. BERLIN. MD. 
RAISE FRUIT-STAND APPLES 
IN THE EASTERN STATES 
Established for 61 years. Seeds, bulbs, plants, shrubs and trees of the best 
quality. Sixty acres of home grown roses. 
Our new illustrated catalog No. 2 describes the above. Catalog No. 1 gives detailed 
description of fruit and ornamental trees. Either or both mailed upon request. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. 
Box 556, PAINESVILLE, OHIO 
Nurserymen, Florists and Seedsmen 
