32 
T H LS KURA.L NEW-YORKEK 
January 9, 
Building a Square Cistern. 
I AM thinking of building a large cis¬ 
tern at our dairy barn to furnish wa¬ 
ter for domestic use at the house; 
have plenty of fall. Can I siphon the 
water out of the cistern, or would I bet¬ 
ter put the water pipe at the bottom? 
Can a square cisern be safely built; I 
mean to last? Soil is a tough yellow 
clay. I intend to make the walls of 
hard rocks and cement a foot thick ; cis¬ 
tern about 8x8 feet. I could build square 
form easier than round. It. B. c. 
Ohio. 
Concrete cisterns are built either square 
or circular in form, as desired, and one 
eight feet square should prove very sat¬ 
isfactory if properly built. In view of 
the frequently recurring trouble from en¬ 
trance of air into a siphon chamber, a 
pipe from the bottom of the cistern would 
probably be more satisfactory if it can 
conveniently be placed there. M. B. D. 
Poor Cement Floor. 
C OULD you tell me how to prevent a 
cement floor from sweeping away; 
• would it do to paint it? Also how 
1o keep sausage fresh and how to keep 
sweet potatoes during Winter, o. a. c. 
Jewell, Va. 
1. A concrete floor that sweeps away has 
been poorly made; probably the mixture 
was not sufficiently rich in cement or too 
much loam was present in the aggregate. 
I know of no practicable method of pre¬ 
venting the crumbling other than giving 
it an additional coat of good concrete, 
though it is possible that the surface 
might be temporarily protected by some 
application. 
2. Sausage should be kept in as cold a 
place as is available, and will keep best 
when packed in a crock and covered with 
a thin coat of melted lard to exclude the 
aii’. It may also be packed in muslin 
bags which are well greased with lard. 
It is sometimes lightly smoked in such 
bags to give it an agreeable flavor and 
aid in preserving it. 
3. I am too far North to have had ex¬ 
perience in preserving sweet potatoes. I 
can only tell you that they should be 
stored in a warm, dry place rather than 
in such cellars as are used for Irish po¬ 
tatoes. I have been told of storing small 
quantities for family use in chimney 
closets such as are often found in farm 
kitchens. M. B. D. 
Contaminated Well. 
C OULD you tell me how to clean a well 
where sewage has leaked in? 
Rowayton, Conn. n. b. 
If but a limited amount of sewage has 
entered the well through a leak, it will 
probably be sufficient to pump the water 
from the well until all that has been con¬ 
taminated is removed and replaced by 
fresh water; if, however, sewage has en¬ 
tered the well for some time and there is 
a possibility of a deposit of sludge, the 
well should be emptied and thoroughly 
cleaned by scraping or scrubbing the 
curb, as well as the bottom. Liquid sew¬ 
age entering a well is at once diluted by 
the water that it contains, and may be 
pumped out with that water. M. B. D. 
Damp Cellar. 
D O you know of any remedy for a cel¬ 
lar where the articles stored such as 
the outside and the inside of glass 
jars and the cracks in barrels are cov- 
ei-ed with mold? Can anything be done 
in this case? I. V. I. 
Jersey Shore, Pa. 
As the occurrence of mold indicates 
dampness I can only suggest that you 
try to overcome this condition by better 
ventilation of the cellar. If there are no 
windows on opposite sides which may be 
opened, it may be praticable to have one 
or more cut through the walls. Sprink¬ 
ling the cellar bottom with air-slaked 
lime and the whitewashing the walls 
would, doubtless, be of benefit after 
means had been provided for a circulation 
of air through the cellar. M. B. D. 
The Slat and Wire Fence. 
O UR old slat-and-wire fences are about 
gone. The remnants are sorry look¬ 
ing, and I do not think any fhore 
could be sold here. Still the difficulty 
is such that I would not hesitate to buy 
it if I knew the material, wood as well 
as wire, was of the best. The difficulty 
has been that the farmer has not taken 
sufficient and prompt care of the fence. 
A wire or a slat breaks and soon the 
fence begins to go to pieces, when if 
the break had been mended or x-eplaced 
before there was further harm done the 
fence would have been good for a long 
time. A break is a dropped stitch and 
the whole fabric soon ravels out if left 
to itself. j. w. c. 
New York. 
Regarding the old slat and wire fence, 
had some one a few yeai*s ago "driven 
home” the following facts, this community 
would have been far better off: The slat 
and wire fence is not durable. It is not 
efficient. It is objectionable for many 
reasons. It is expensive, first because a 
good gi’ade of timber is required to make 
the slats, especially if hand riven; a 
large number per rod are required; it 
takes far more posts than for any other 
kind of fence. In a short time after 
construction, the end of the slats rest¬ 
ing on the ground become rotted off, and 
horses or cattle in reaching over will 
discover that they can push the top over 
far enough to give them practically free 
passage. Before the coming Spring, I 
shall have replaced the remaining 40 
rods of this fence with woven wire, and 
will know that my place is more durably 
and efficiently fenced than ever before. 
There is only one redeeming feature 
about the slat and wire fence, which 
is, the slats do make fine stove wood, 
as one blow with a sharp axe will cut 
them to desired length. 
Kentucky. c. a. Clements. 
Slat and Wire Fence. —Tell reader 
w T ho wants to know if the slat and wire 
fence is durable that it is not. The slats 
soon rot, break, slip and shrink, and make 
the ugliest fence one ever saw. They 
were the craze a few years ago, but no 
one builds them now; no more slat and 
wire fence here. The slats shrink so 
much the wires become loose, then the 
fence sags. Wire fencing is all right 
well put up. If a post rots off set an¬ 
other Never build a low fence, make it 
five feet and take no chances; no hai’der 
to build. Have plenty of wires at bot¬ 
tom to keep pigs from trying to get 
through. l. H. E. 
Clinton Co., O. 
WANT TO KNOW. 
Silage Corn in Bundles.—I would 
like to ask whether any of the readers 
have ever tried putting corn in the bun¬ 
dle in a 10-foot diameter silo, and what 
the result was? b. s. 
Liverpool, N. Y. 
Ram For Water Supply. —Please ask 
the following questions of x-eaders: I 
have a spring 50 rods from house, eleva¬ 
tion 80 feet, six feet fall from ram to 
spring. Spring runs ei.,ht gallons a few 
minutes. Would it be feasible to install 
a ram under those conditions? L. L. F. 
New York. 
T HE Department of Agriculture is 
urging the use of Hairy vetch as a 
cover crop in the Gulf States or 
cotton belt. In some respects this vetch 
is better adapted for this purpose than 
Crimson clover, or other crops, and when 
once started and adapted to the soil it 
will give wonderful results. In parts of 
Delaware and Maryland whole tracts of 
soil have been made over and wonder- 
fully improved by the use of cover ci’ops, 
and the soil of the Gulf States offers even 
better opportunity for such development. 
P "”| 
<.§ 
:g8g@ag 
i 
HOT BED SASH 
80 c 
CYPRESS, well mad« 
with cross bar, blind 
tenons, white leaded 
in joints. GLASS, % 1 .SO pel Box, 
C. N. ROBINSON & BRO. Dept. 14 Baltimore, Md. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
1,000 for $1—as per new offer in free catalogue. All 
varieties and Everbearers. Seed corn, potatoes, trees, 
vines, shrubs, raspberries and everything 
ALLEGAN NUKSEKY, ALLEGAN, MICH. 
CLOVER SEED 
Clicks Seed Farms 
CLOVER 
Buy grass seed eai-ly 
enough to permit 
testing for purity 
and growth. We 
allow return of un¬ 
satisfactory seed—re¬ 
fund money—pay freight. Get present low prices. 
Everything for the farm—Grass Seed—Alfalfa- 
Field Peas and Beans—Potatoes—Corn—Gats. 
Fine catalog and Samples free—if you ask 
A. H. HOFFMAN , Landisville, Lane. Go., Pa. 
#o/?r//£/?M c/powm 
Extra choice, liardyl 
northern grown registered stock. I 
Purity, termination and Quality Guaranteed. 
Tested by State and U. S. Seed Laboratories I 
~ —warranted to comply with all Seed I-aws. Send for | 
Fret sample Dl»c« Rtglitered Alfalfa Seed and Free copy Disco Alfalfa | 
Book telling how to grow alfalfa successfully everywhere. 
^DAKOTA IMPROVED SEED CO., 21 Main St.. Mitchell, S.D. <1J 
EEDLESS FIELD SEED 
a 
■ We are trying with all our might to furnish ab- 
■ solutoiy pure. Red, Alsike, Mammoth, Alfalfa, 
■ Timothy, Sweet Clover, and all other Held seeds, 
■ with all blasted and immature grains removed. 
Write today for free samples and Instructions 
“ How to Know Good Seed.” 
| O. M. SCOTT A SON, 23 Main St., Marysville, Ohio 
Do You Have to 
be Shown?_ 
I’m told that I have the best 
quality of seed, give the largest 
packages and have the most com¬ 
mon-sense Seed Book in the bunch. 
And I’m willing to admit it. 
Do you have to be shown? 
All rigrht. I live close totheMIs- 
Souri line and I’ll “show” you. 
I’ll send you the Seed Book and a bigpack~ 
age of garden seed, and you can judge for 
yourself. NO CHARGE FOR EITHER, 
and you need not even send the postage un¬ 
less you wish. 
I also have guaranteed Clover and Al¬ 
falfa, and all kinds of farm seed at 
Farmer’s Prices. Shall I send you free 
samples of these also? 
henry field. Proa. 
HENRY FIELD SEED CO.. But 26 ■ Shenandoah, Iowa. 
IS ABSOLUTELY THE 
BEST POWER SPRAYER BUILT 
I T’S an impossibility to give all thereasonsin 
one advertisement such as this, but if you 
are a grower for the market you know 
you’ve got to spray or accept cull prices for 
your fruit, and if you haven’t already done so 
you know you will have to buy a sprayer 
very soon or lose far more than its cost 
on next season’s crop. 
As a shrewd, level-headed business man 
when you spend your money you want it to buy 
you the best sprayer there is—real, practical, 
tested sprayer value. All we ask is that you 
GIVE US AIM OPPORTUNITY TO 
MAIL YOU THE PROOF 
that the “ Deyo” IS the best power machine. We’ve got it and will send you full particulars by return mail, 
including pictures of the machine. WRITE TODAY so you can have plenty of time to study it over. 
Endorsed by the biggest growers in the country. 
DEY0-MACEY SALES CO, 52 Washington St, BINGHAMTON, N.Y. 
i ALSO BUILDERS OF DEYO ENGINES IN ALL SIZES I 
Equipped with a Deyo Engine that can 
be detached and used for other 
purposes, and a Gould Pump. 
MORE POTASH COMING 
American crops and soils are still as 
hungry for Potash as before the out¬ 
break of the European War, which cur¬ 
tailed the Potash shipments. 
Some of the Fertilizer Companies are 
trying to induce farmers to buy the one¬ 
sided low Potash or no Potash fertiliz¬ 
ers of a generation ago. This means a 
fertilizer that is profitable to the manu¬ 
facturer, but not the best for the farm¬ 
er. When the Syndicate in 1910 started 
the direct sales of Potash to dealers 
and farmers at reasonable prices Pot¬ 
ash sales increased 65 per cent, in one 
year, a clear proof that farmers know 
that Potash Pays. They know that Pot¬ 
ash gives good yields, good quality and 
resistance to plant diseases. 
Many of the Fertilizer Manufacturers 
are willing to meet the farmer’s wishes 
and sell him what he thinks he needs. 
These manufacturers are now willing to 
furnish as much Potash as they can se- 
cure. They offer goods with 5 per cent, 
and even in some cases 10 per cent. 
Potash, if the farmers insist on it. 
Shipping conditions are improving, 
more Potash is coming forward al¬ 
though the costs of production and 
transportation are higher. The higher 
price of fertilizers is not due wholly to 
the slightly higher cost of Potash. 
Much of the Potash that will be used 
in next spring’s fertilizer had reached 
America before the war started. 
There is no substitute for Potash. 
We can no more return to the fertili¬ 
zer of twenty years ago than we can re¬ 
turn to the inefficient farm implements 
or unprofitable livestock of that period. 
IT. A. HUSTON. 
Trees and Plants 
We offer a full line of Fruit and Ornamental Stock 
BLACK’S QUALITY 
Is the highest quality. Send in your list of wants 
for prices and get your order placed early. Cata¬ 
logue Free. New issue in February. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
FRUIT TREES 
First-class, True to N>me, No Disense. We 
PAY FREIGHT OR EXPRESS to your Station 
and Guarantee Satisfaction. A full line of Nur¬ 
sery Stock, direct to planters, at much less than 
usual prices. WRITE AT ONCE for New Cat¬ 
alogue. 
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, 
Box 25, New Haven, Missouri. 
Give Satisfaction 
Grown with care for those 
who want quality. Send 
for this collection: 
5 packets choicest seeds. 
Victor Squuah, Detroit 
Dark Red Beet, Black 
Seeded Lettuce. Scarlet Globe 
Kadish, Abbott's m /v 
Parsnip. Mailed III/* 
postpaid for . . . . X VI 
Fine Catalog Free 
Describes tho very best reliable 
sorts of vegetable, field and flower 
seeds. Illustrated with “truc-to-nature” 
pictures. Gives honest prices for honest 
seeds. Write for copy today. Tells how to 
obtain the Fanner’s Ready Reference Book 
and our New National Cook Book free* 
J. J. H. Gregory & Son 
436 Elm St., Dept. 4, Marblehead, Mass. 
Eberle's seeds, bulbs or 
plants. They cannot fail to 
thrive under fair conditions. 
Our large and varied stock con¬ 
tains ever y variety worth growing. 
Eberle’s 1915 Seed Annual—Free 
This fully illustrated book is brimful of 
helpful information concerning the 
planting and cultivation of seeds, from 
largest farm to smallest garden. 
Get your free copy — today. 
FREDERICK W. EBERLE 
116 8. Pearl St., Albany, N. Y. 
Wing's Quality Seeds produce the choicest vegetables and 
flowers. Grown with great care for those who appreciate 
E " ty. No matter what you need , Garden, Field or Flower 
, we have them and offer only the best varieties grown, 
described hi our free catalog. Write for It today. 
WING SEED CO., BOX 1*3 MECHANICSBURG, OHIO 
C \A1 F' F' T' SEED. White and large biennial 
^ * yellow. Prices and circular on 
PI Atri'D request. E. DAKTON, liox 
V/LU V LK 29, _ Falmouth, Kentucky 
PURE FIELD SEEDS 
('lover, Timothy, Alsike, Alfalfa and all kinds of 
PURE FIELD SEEDS direct from producer to con¬ 
sumer; free from noxious weeds. Ask for samples. 
A. C. HOYT & CO., - Box R, Fostoria, O. 
3,000,000 B P es?ouaiity Strawberry Plants 
At Bargain Prices. Satisfaction and safe delivery 
guaranteed. A customer says: “Your plants out did 
them all.”—I. A. Pottenger, Ohio. Wholsale and 
retail Catalog free. Write today and save money. 
C. S. Perdue - Box 20 - Showell, Aid. 
’N 
Direct from the Grower to your Orchard 
Choice selected fin It trees of A-l quality, guaranteed sturdy, true to name and free from 
disease. Sold at Crower* Prices! We offer you thousands'of the best varieties of 
Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum, Cherry, and Quince Trees 
grown under almost ideal conditions in the Dansville Nursery section by menot 35 years’ experience. 
Best or all, you can order from our catalog 1 just as if you were doing business with us person- 
ally. Your trees will be selected by one of the Ann, packed carefully and shipped promptly— 
You pet exactly whatyou order every time. 5 Kelly Bros, stand back of every shipment. 
mutual advantage. Write for our catalog—Every planter needs a copy. 
KELLY BROS. WHOLESALE NURSERIES, 237 Main St., DANSVILLE, N. Y. 
You'll never regret planting Kelly Trees 
SEED POTATOES 
WE ARE SEED GROWERS, NOT MERE DEALERS 
So furnish the very highest grade of seeds at 
the lowest possible price. Look into the New 
Methods in Potato Culture, Up-to-date growers 
know they must use potatoes for seed from 
healthy, productive vines, with all the weak 
ones left out. We can furnish pedigree seed 
potatoes grown under the “hill-unit” system at 
prices only a very little above common potatoes. 
We also grow and sell Corn, Oats and Vegetable 
Seeds of all kinds at wholesale prices. Send today for 
big free catalogue. If you grow vegetables_ 
for market ask for wholesale price list, 
Joseph Harris Go., Bo 102, Coldwater, N. Y.j 
I 
