52 
UJt-itii kUKAL I'ABv W-YOKlvtClN 
January 9, 
The Henyard. 
Size of Nests. 
I N making a section, of nosfs for Ply¬ 
mouth Itock poultry, what is the 
proper width, depth and height of 
each nest, and is it better to have the 
boards dividing the nests go from bottom 
to top, or will a dividing board four or 
five inches high answer just as well be¬ 
tween the nests? w. o. R, 
Suffern, N. Y. 
It is better to have the dividing boards 
go to top, so the hens cannot see each 
other when on the nest. Some hens will 
peck at other hens and drive them off 
the nest if they have the chance. I like 
a “roomy” nest; there is less likelihood 
of breaking eggs, than in a small nest. 
For Plymouth Itocks I should make nests 
14 inches wide, 35 or 1(5 inches high, and 
IS inches deep, from front to rear. Shape 
nest material like a saucer, not like a 
bowl, GEO. A. COSGROVE. 
Changing Established Strain. 
T WANT your advice 
J. White Wyandottes. 
bought my cockerels 
known breeder, or from 
had bought from him. 
healthy, farm-raised stock 
sure that it will be 
careful selection in 
now, if this strain 
crossed upon another strain 
not been bred toward the 
same ideal type the result is likely to 
be a discord rather than a harmonious 
tone. For this reason, if I had a satis¬ 
factory strain of fowls the characteristics 
of which were so well fixed that I could 
depend upon their being reproduced with 
reasonable fidelity for generation after 
generation, I should hesitate to cross it 
upon another strain, even though that 
other possessed greater merit in some re¬ 
spects than my own. From the prices 
that you obtain in your local market I 
judge that you have a very satisfactory 
strain of fowls. If you desire to try the 
effects of a cross I would urge that you 
do it in a limited way for at least a year 
and note the results. M. b. d. 
Bacillary Diarrhoea. 
T HAVE 250 March and April pullets 
1 that appear to be in perfect condition 
and lay from 10 to 20 eggs each day. I 
usually have good success raising broil¬ 
ers, but this year the chickens had bowel 
trouble and all died. My hens I am breed¬ 
ing drop a large, yellow, soft mass. What 
is the cause and cure of this, as I feel 
convinced that is the trouble with the lit¬ 
tle chicks dying? We have just 30 chicks 
left from three hatches of 240 eggs each. 
New Jersey. w. n. 
Such great mortality among young 
chicks suggests strongly that your flock 
lias become infected with bacillary white 
diarrhoea. This may be transferred from 
one chick to another through the medium 
of the droppings, and may also be in¬ 
herited, as the germs of the disease appear 
in the yolks of eggs from infected hens 
and are thus taken into chicks hatched 
from them. True bacillary white diarr¬ 
hoea is hard to combat, requiring the 
most thorough cleaning up and disinfec¬ 
tion of premises upon which it has ap¬ 
peared, particularly those parts used in 
raising young chicks, and the disposal of 
all hens that may harbor the disease and 
pass it on. Perhaps the most practica¬ 
ble method of ridding one’s flock of the 
infection is to discard as breeders all hens 
that are under suspicion and renew the 
stock from flocks known to be healthy. 
This should be combined with general 
cleanliness and disinfection and early and 
continuous feeding of soured skim-milk to 
the chicks; the lactic acid of this food 
acting as a preventive of the develop¬ 
ment of the disease germs. One writer 
in these columns has reported great suc¬ 
cess through administering a few drops 
of butter and cheese-maker’s “starter” to 
each chick as it is taken from the incu¬ 
bator. This starter contains the lactic 
acid of sour milk in concentrated form, 
and may be given through a medicine 
dropper. For the success of any method 
of treatment it is essential that healthy 
chicks should not be allowed to pick up 
the droppings of those that may be in¬ 
fected. M. B. D. 
w 
Starting a Goose Farm. 
HAT would the 
ing a farm and 
sized farm would be 
raise 1,000 birds? Would a 
essary? Would Alfalfa be 
grass as to pasture? 
Elizabeth, N. J. 
The prospects of 
ng would be the 
prospects be in start 
raising geese? What 
required to 
pond bo nec- 
better than 
O. B. 
concerning my 
I have always 
from a well- 
some one who 
I have good, 
I have rais¬ 
ed them not for show, but for utility. 1 
have no trouble in selling my pullets 
when they weigh about two pounds for 
$1 each. I get $2 each for cockerels at 
this time of the year. I do not think I 
could get more than this around here, 
and I have not had enough heretofore to 
make it seem wise to seek a more dis¬ 
tant market. People do not seem to 
care much about what strain the fowls 
are; they just want purebred birds. This 
year I bought a cockerel of another 
strain, and I do not know what to do 
with him. Shall I take a pen of my 
hens and put with him, buying another 
cockerel next year, and follow the plan 
of buying the old strain of cockerels for 
the rest of my flock, or, would you ad¬ 
vise me to buy cockerels for the whole of 
the new strain? Does the first strain mean 
so much, anyway, considering the fact that 
I do not care to show birds? L. s. J. 
Delaware. 
The objections to crossing breeds apply, 
to a lesser degree, to crossing strains 
within a breed. That uniformity of 
type which is so much to be desired can 
only be obtained by many generations of 
careful breeding toward an ideal, but it 
can be destroyed in one generation by a 
mixture of types which do not blend, but 
which antagonize each other. To fix su¬ 
periority of any kind in a strain of fowls 
and make reasonably 
perpetuated years of 
breeding are required 
of fowls is 
which has 
success in goose farm- 
same as those of any 
kind of a farm. It would depend upon 
a multitude of factors, chief of which 
would be the personality of the manager. 
I would not advise anyone without ex¬ 
perience to begin any poultry business 
on a large scale. With another source 
of income a small beginning as a side 
line would give the experience necessary 
for a larger business. The amount of 
land for 1,000 geese would depend upon 
the degree of intensive cultivation de¬ 
sired. They could be kept on 20 acres or 
less, with a rotation of grass, rape, corn, 
etc. Where land is cheap more acres in 
grass could take the place of cultivated 
crops. Alfalfa would make the best of 
pasturage. A pond would not be abso¬ 
lutely necessary, but some source of 
drinking water would be. w. u. it. 
W’ 
Hens With Catarrh. 
my poultry, 
'HAT ails my poultry, and what can 
I do for them? Their one eye seems 
to swell and finally closes entirely, 
and a white foam runs from it; they 
also have the foam in mouth so badly 
they can hardly get their breath, and one 
hen has an eruption on her comb of a 
dark red color. I have put kerosene on 
them and isolated them, but now another 
hen has it. E. c. 
New Jersey. 
This swelling of the eye is due to in¬ 
flammation of the lining membrane, 
which inflammation probably also ex¬ 
tends to the nostrils and mouth of the 
fowl. It may be due to simple catarrhal 
inflammation or to one of the more se¬ 
vere infections to which fowls are liable. 
Mild disinfectant solutions are indicated, 
and of these, permanganate of potash 
crystals in the proportion of about one 
teaspoonful to the quart of water is most 
generally useful. The fowl’s head may 
bo dipped into the solution, and the latter 
should be given the fowls for drink. All 
cases should be isolated to prevent fur¬ 
ther spread of the infection, and care 
should be taken that exposure to damp¬ 
ness and drafts does not cause further 
trouble in the flock. M. b. d. 
Certified 
Layers 
English 200-Egg Strain 
Our pens of A. C. W. Leg¬ 
horns, IVhite Wyandottes, S. 
(.'. Reds and Buff Orpingtons 
contain many of the world’s cham¬ 
pion layers. This bred-to-lay blood will 
surely put your flock into the money-making 
class. Among our 1913-14 
Laying Competition Winners 
are the following sensational pens:— 
White Leghorns: —North American Inter¬ 
nal. Competition:—Five birds laid 1139 eggs, 
228 average. Won seven medals and cup. 
S. C. Reds:— N. A. Competition:—Five birds 
laid 1043 eggs. 209 average. (Highest official 
Red record known.) Won three medals. 
White Wyandottes: —Missouri Competition: 
• —Ten birds laid 2006 eggs, over 200 average. 
I One layer made a record of 265 eggs. 
The above 20 birds, 
three breeds, aver¬ 
aged 209 eggs each. 
Four of them laid 250 
or better. 
CDFIi "The Story of the 
men 200-Egg Hen” 
1915 edition contains pictures 
of these winners and much 
valuable practical information. 
Write today for your copy. 
Pennsylvania Poultry Farm 
, Box P, Lancaster, Pa. 
CHICKS 
I O CENTS " 
S. C. W. Leghorns. Money back for dead ones. 
Pamphlet free. C. M. Lauver, Box 73, Richfield, Pa. 
Pullets, Yearling Hens, Cocks & Cockerels 
in lots to suit purchasers at attractive prices. 
MAPLE COVE POULTRY YARDS, - R. 24, Athens, Pa. 
60 Varieties fflHK, 
DUCKS, GEESE. TURKEYS, 
GUINEAS and HARES Stock and eggs. 00 
page catalogue free. H. A. Souder, Box 29, Sellersville, Pa 
RriLE’S BS VARIETIES 
farm-raised Land and Water-Fowls. Eggs 
In season. Ulus. Catalogue, and “Grower's 
Guide,” 2c. An honest deal. Write 
today. HENRY PFILE, Farmer- 
Poultryman, Box 674, Freeport, III. 
The Celebrated Hun¬ 
garian and English 
_ PARTRIDGES I PHEASANTS 
Oaporcailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, 
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Squirrels, Ferrets, and all kinds of birds and 
animals. \VM. J. MACKKNSJSN. Natural¬ 
ist, Department io, Yardley, 
Supply Your Home Demand 
For Chicks by Using A 
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COAL BURNING-HOT WATER-SECTIONAL-AUTOMATIC 
75 Errs in 
each of 
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Start With This 1200-Egg Machine 
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Your neighbors will tako all the room you can spare. 
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CANDEE. You can make big money buying eggs at 
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Old Chicks. Candee hatched Baby Chicks lind a ready 
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DOUBLE REGULATION—DOUBLE SAFETY 
Each 300-egg setting is automatically safeguarded. 
Write Today for FREE Catalog of 140 Pages 
thaj describes these features, explains the sectional 
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CANDEE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO. 
Dept. 27, - - Eastwood, N. Y. 
10 x 10 PORTABLE 
ALL PURPOSE HOUSE. Can bo made in 
units. Just right for brooders or brooder stove. 
Equally good for growing stock or laying hens. 
Also makes a nice camp, play house or wood¬ 
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PRICE $30 
Write for our free booklet, showing 20 different cuts 
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E. C. YOUNG CO. 
15 Depot Street, Randolph, Mas*. 
THE MOST ECONOMICAL OF ALL POULTRY FEEDS ON THE MARKET 
They arc made right; because they are bought right. They 
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There is no waste, no had, musty or sour grain or corn hulls. 
Everything goes to make eggs, muscle and feathers. They are 
much more economical than any feeds that you can mix as wo 
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thoroughly posted on feeds and grains. There is nothing lacking 
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^ ^ U Incubator 
Jycos Thermometers 
^^"nlwnys toil tho truth”. Scientifically made and tented. 
Accurate and dependable. When buying an incubator 
or brooder, insist thatit bo fitted with "Tycos Ihemxnnetera. 
It means biltKer hatches-l otter clucks, blgR-cr profits. Magnifying 
lens front makes reading easy. Slightest difference in temperature 
Indicated. 76c at your dealers or from us. postpaid. Write today for 
booklet, “Incubator Thermometer* acta Worth Knowing . rKH.Hu 
Taylor Instrument Companies Rochester, N. Y. 
PARCEL POST BOXES 
Ship Eggs, Dressed Fowls, Fruit, Butter, 
etc., by parcel post direct to your customers, 
“H&D” BOXES 
meet all Government requirements— guar¬ 
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The HINDE A DAUOH PA PER Co. 
I>ept. E. Sandusky, Ohio. 
RECORD HATCHES 
Mrs. Halton ofN. Vernon, I nd., I 
reports two 100% hatches from [ 
her old reliable Progressive! 
Incubator. Only incubator! 
with double walls and hun-| 
All wood parts! 
155 
EGG 
Set tip 
ready for use 
JT dreds of dead air cells. - - 
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7 Vo? 155 EGO INCUBATOR, 
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Progressive Incubator Co. 
f * 145, Racine, Wls 
Both are made of 
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Incubator is cov¬ 
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iron; has triple walls, , 
B copper tank, nursery, 
f tester, thermometer, ready to 
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t 12.00. FREE Catalogue describes them' 
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WISCONSIN INCUBATOR C0„ Box 104 
RACINE, WIS. 
SFJ.25 Mankato Incubator 
Only M 
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120 chick brooder 92.50; 240ohlok brooder ,e * re*dy 
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3 more championships w 
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k 13 more championships won by owners of Bello 
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Freight 
Prepaid. 1, 
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Home Test 
Racine, Wit, 
Crown Bone C 
'utter 
iFeed your hens cut green bone 1 
r and get more eggs. With a 
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BEST /WADE 
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MAKE HENS LAY 
By feeding raw bone. Its egg-producing value is four 
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Cuts all bone with adhering meat and 
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MacKellar's Charcoal 
For Poultry Is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also 
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Improved Parcel Post Egg Boxes 
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wMuunuwuwvHWMun* 
Hen’s Heat Is Moist Heat 
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Only on© filling ofoll 
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