67 
1015. 
White Grubs ; Silage Without Ears. 
N ext year we may expect the grub to 
trouble our corn and potatoes. Do 
you think any relief might be had 
from* the use of phosphate, and if so in 
what quantities with each of the crops 
named? Again, in this section, old Vir¬ 
ginia corn is planted quite generally for 
silo but seldom matures, though a few 
•mres fill the silo. Some have contended 
that silage without ears is as nutritious 
or valuable for feed, ton for ton, as silage 
that was well eared. Can that be true? 
We plant field corn and get the grain, 
but we require more acreage to fill the 
silo. What is your opinion and advice 
in the matter? t>. s. s. 
Mantua, O. 
1. The use of fertilizer in ordinary 
quantities, will not interfere with the 
work of these insects. Experiments have 
been made with kainit and other chemi¬ 
cals, but it was found that in order to 
drive out the insects it would be neces¬ 
sary to use so much fertilizer that it in¬ 
jured the soil. The fertilizer in moderate 
quantities will help by forcing a growth 
on the corn and keeping it ahead of the 
insects. 2. By analysis the big stalks, 
without fully matured ears, contain only 
about 75 per cent, as much nutriment as 
the well-eared varieties. On the other 
hand, the yield of these big stalks is 
greater, and probably on a full acre they 
will yield as much or more actual feed 
by giving more tons. It is therefore 
about as broad as it is long. With the 
big stalks you have to handle more bulk 
in order to get equal feeding value. On 
the other hand you can feed cotton-seed 
meal or bran or gluten with this poorer 
silage and make it go further. 
Cranberry Culture. 
W IIAT kind of land do cranberries 
grow on? Do they need only low 
land, or land that can be flooded, 
or only a swampy plot? Where can I 
get cranberry slips or cuttings? Nurs¬ 
erymen do not have them listed. I have 
a * piece of low swampy land I wish 
either to plant to willow for baskets or 
cranberries. Which is advisable? I 
could readily market the cranberries in 
Baltimore. E - n * 
Glenarm, Md. 
Cranberries are grown only on bogs 
from which the turf is removed and the 
land covered with sand. The prepara¬ 
tion of the land, dyking, etc., in prepara¬ 
tion for the planting of cranberries is an 
expensive matter, and all experiments I 
have known south of the New Jersey 
cranberry section have been failures. I 
suppose that any of the Philadelphia 
seedsmen can get the plants for you. In 
preparing the land, which is best of a 
peaty nature, all turf and vegetable mat¬ 
ter must be removed from the surface, 
and the whole surface covered six inches 
with sand, and drains provided for taking 
off the water as the fruit approaches ma¬ 
turity, for the soil must be dry in the 
ripening season. The plants are set in 
rows two feet apart or by some wider 
for horse culture, and 12 inches in the 
rows. Flooding in Winter and early 
Spring is done as a protection from in¬ 
sects and early or rather late frosts in 
Spring. The plants must be kept clear 
of weeds and grass for several years till 
they cover the ground. A dozen or more 
varieties are catalogued. They belong to 
three types, the Bell, Bugle and Cherry 
as to shape. I am of the opinion that 
success in Baltimore Co., Md., is rather 
uncertain. They have been grown here 
but abandoned as unprofitable. 
Maryland. W. F. MASSEY. 
Gardening in Tennessee. 
I S it too late (Dec. 20) to plant pansy 
seed for plants for next Spring’s 
blooming? If not, what soil should 
be used and give cultural directions. I 
shall be compelled to grow them in the 
house, heated by stove or else in a cold 
bed. Which do you think better? Win¬ 
tering over from August would probably 
have been better, but I did not have the 
seeds. 2. Also advise me some early 
varieties of sweet corn and tomatoes, also 
some late ones of best quality. H. B. 
Memphis, Tenn. 
1. Pansy seed sown now would not 
probably bloom with you till the weather 
is too hot for them to make good flowers. 
Of course, if you can carry them over 
Summer, they may do better another sea¬ 
son, but it seldom pays to do this, and 
the best practice is to sow seed every 
Summer in late July and get strong 
plants for setting in beds in the Fall or 
in cold frames for early blooming? 2. The 
extra early varieties of sweet corn are 
seldom satisfactory in the South. The 
best early sweet corn is the Golden Ban- 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
tarn. It is very dwarf and can be plant¬ 
ed as close as rows of string beans. The 
best later sorts are Country Gentleman 
and Stowell’s Evergreen. The earliest 
tomato is the Landon Earliana. Bonny 
Best is a close second and a better to¬ 
mato. For the main crop Success, Globe 
and Stone are good as any. 
W. F. MASSEY. 
Salt Meadow Sod. 
W OULD sod cut from salt marshes be 
good when ground to make fertil¬ 
izer? I heard that a farmer in my 
vicinity was using it for melons. Q. 
Bridgeton, N. ,T. 
I have had no experience in using sod 
cut from salt marshes as a fertilizer. If 
it consists largely of vegetable matter, its 
chief value w'ill lie in supplying humus. 
Without knowing the facts, however, I 
would imagine that the cost of grinding 
would make it more expensive than ma¬ 
nure, and as a substitute for manure it 
would not be as valuable. If it contains 
large quantities of salt it might even 
prove injurious. Truckers in this sec¬ 
tion have sometimes taken advantage of 
open weather in the Winter to haul mud 
taken from the meadows and ditch banks 
near the Delaware and spread it on the 
sandy upland soils so as to add body 
to them. Such treatment improves the 
texture of the soil, but because of the 
expense it is of doubtful value when con¬ 
sidered from an economic standpoint. 
TRUCKER JR. 
Fall Manuring for Cantaloupes. 
1 NOTE on page 1438 that Prof. Massey 
reports deep furrowing in the Fall or 
early Winter for cantaloupes and the 
use of manure in these furrows, which 
is left to rot until planting time. Do 
you think this method would be desirable 
here in Southern New Jersey? Will 
some of your readers from Southern New 
Jersey state whether they have tried 
this method? M. G. 
Norma, N. J. 
The method of furrowing and manur¬ 
ing for cantaloupes in the Fall as re¬ 
ported by Prof. Massey is not used by 
growers in this section. I have seen it 
used with fair success for watermelons. 
The growers here who use manure for 
cantaloupes usually compost it in the 
Fall, let it rot down and use it in the 
furrow in early Spring. The question 
of labor may at times make it advisable 
to put manure in early, so as to have it 
out of the way at a time when work 
is more pressing. That I believe is the 
main argument in favor of this practice. 
If the manure is quite long it is best to 
have it in early, say in March, and cov¬ 
ered over so as to become well saturated 
with moisture before the cantaloupes are 
planted. This is especially true on sandy 
soils. Because of the blight the can¬ 
taloupe seems to be a little harder to 
grow each year. The time is coming, if 
it is not already here, when it will be 
practically impossible to bring out a crop 
on our sandy soils unless we have them 
very well supplied with vegetable matter. 
Cantaloupes grown with fertilizer alone 
on sandy soils poorly supplied with 
humus are almost sure to fail. On such 
soils a good big forkful of rich hog ma¬ 
nure under each hill and covered with 
soil immediately to prevent drying out 
will do far more towards bringing out a 
full crop than anything I know. But 
the better way is to have a good clover 
sod or Alfalfa sod to plow under. A lit¬ 
tle high-grade fertilizer can then be used 
in the hill to start the plants and the 
plant food supplied in the decaying clo¬ 
ver roots will do the rest. This last 
method is giving by far the best results 
here. trucker jr. 
Tomatoes for Canning. 
1 AM intending to can a few tomatoes 
next year (steam pressure way) for 
the home market. Could you tell me 
how many bushels to a thousand plants, 
and how many No. 3 cans would that 
number of bushels fill? MRS. w. E. c. 
So. Scituate, It. I. 
Yields are uncertain. To get a full 
yield we must have suitable soil supplied 
with an abundance of plant food. We 
must give good culture, fight insects and 
blight, select the proper varieties and 
then trust in Providence for favorable 
weather conditions. Ten tons is a good 
average yield of tomatoes per acre. With 
everything favorable you might get, or 
rather should get, about 150 bushels to 
1,000 plants. I do not know how many 
No. 3 cans one can secure on an aver¬ 
age from a bushel of sound fruit, so will 
ask some of the readers of The It. N.-Y. 
who have had experience to help you out 
On this. TRUCKER JR. 
New Plant Immigrants. 
P EOPLE in the South are well ac¬ 
quainted with the Maypop (Passi- 
flora incarnata). The Bureau of 
Plant Industry has introduced a passion 
fruit from Arequipa, Peru, with fruit 
four inches long. Its native name is 
tumbas, and it is grown for the fruit both 
by natives and Europeans. It is to be 
tried in Florida and California, and also 
for breeding with the Maypop to produce 
a hardy passion fruit. 
The edible Chinese Chrysanthemum 
has been introduced by the above office. 
It is used by the Chinese like kale or 
spinach. The culture is the same as 
for other Chrysanthemums. Another in¬ 
troduction is the wormwood (Artemisia) 
used by the Chinese for a stock on which 
to graft Chrysanthemums; they say it 
induces earlier blooming and easier cul¬ 
ture. It is thought this grafting may 
prove desirable where short seasons or 
cool nights limit outdoor Chrysanthemum 
culture. 
The South African pipe gourd, Lagcn- 
aria vulgaris, is suggested as an annual 
vine suitable for growing south of New 
York. To make pipes let gourds mature, 
cut off crooked necks, clean inside and 
scrape outside, fit with plaster or meer- 
ehaum bowl and rubber mouthpiece, as 
described in Circular No. 41, Bureau of 
Plant Industry. Culture like that of 
cucumber. Straw under growing gourds 
prevents decay. Another Lagenaria is 
the Agusi gourd, from Lagos, Southern 
Nigeria. It is described as a rank vine 
producing immense thick-walled gourds 
with very large oily seeds from which oil 
is extracted and employed as constituent 
of a famous dish called Palaver Sauce. A 
vine grown near Washington bore single 
fruit weighing 55 pounds. Convenient 
for household use. 
A number of Australian gum trees 
have been secured for test. The iron- 
bark, Eucalyptus Crebra, is one of the 
most valued timber trees of Australia. 
Picturesque tree with straight, even 
trunk, 100 feet in height. Only iron-bark 
succeeding in dry, hot, interior valleys of 
Southwest. Withstands temperature of 
18 degrees Fahr. and 118 degrees Fahr. 
Wood hard, tough, elastic, durable un¬ 
der ground; much used for posts, railway 
ties, piles, wagons, etc. The Cider or 
Sugar gum, Eucalyptus Gunnii, is one 
of the hardiest of the Eucalypts, even 
growing in eastern Scotland. Withstands 
temperature of 20 degrees Fahr. Too 
crooked for good timber. Promising as a 
forest cover for mountain situations with 
cool Summer temperatures. Wood worth¬ 
less for posts. The Apple-scented gum, 
E. Stuartiana, is a small-sized Eucalypt 
standing low temperature of 1.0 degrees 
Fahr., thriving best along sea coast as 
windbreaks and shade in ravines and on 
fairly moist mountain slopes. Timber 
hard, durable underground; good for 
fuel. Deserves trial farther north than 
other species will grow,. 
Among the Russian apples introduced 
is a white apple said to grow very large, 
some fruits weighing several pounds each. 
The trees are able to endure high Sum¬ 
mer temperatures, but require mild Win¬ 
ters. To be tested in the southern sec¬ 
tions of the United States. Another ap¬ 
ple from Mukden is common in Man¬ 
churia as far north as 45 degrees. Very 
hardy and healthy. Attains a height of 
15 feet and bears small fruit one-half to 
three-quarter inches in diameter, resem¬ 
bling a thorn apple. Valuable in Ameri¬ 
ca for grafting or budding purposes only. 
Grafted on apple stock from Washington. 
How To Extinguish The Lantern. 
—Did you ever set down the lantern 
rather heavily, and have it go out? It 
will, and here is an interesting way of 
putting out the light. Turn the lantern 
down a little, then press against the 
bottom of the lantern, as though you were 
pressing the bottom of the mowing ma¬ 
chine oil can. If the flame is partly 
ti .ied down, slight pressure will ex¬ 
tinguish the lantern. It will be much 
more easy than to blow the lantern out. 
A group of San Francisco stevedores 
were lunching in a sheltered nook on a 
wharf. One of them went across the 
street for a plug of tobacco, and during 
his absence another substituted for his 
tin of pale coffee and milk his own tin 
of milkless black coffee. When the first 
stevedore returned to his lunch he could 
hardly believe his eyes. “Well,” said 
he, “I have heard of clever thieves, but 
to swipe the milk out of a guy’s coffee is 
sure going some !”—Everybody’s. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
I t. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Galloway Pricesand Qualify! 
My New Low Down No. 8 Spreader 
with cut tinder front wheels and trussed 
channel steel frame is positively the best 
spreader in the world. Light draft, end¬ 
less apron, positive force feed, double 
chain drive. Just ask for my book, "A 
Stronk ot Gold," FREE, and I will tell 
you the truth about manure spreaders 
and how to get the greatest profit out 
of your manure products. 
New_ 
Sanitary Cream 
Separator 
. I will send it anywhere 
% in the United States 
‘ without an expert to 
set it up to any inex- 
_>ha- I v perienced cream separ- 
Sproaders WV 4 * up. a tor user 
for a 90-day free trial, to test thoroughly 
against any make of separator that even 
sells for twice as much and will let 
you be the judge. Built up to a high 
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beautiful in design of any cream 
separator made today and I have 
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CALLOWAY MASTERPIECE BIG 
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<j;qa 76 * buy. Get my troo ongino book be- 
O O. I O-® - i— f or0 you buy an en . 
y gine at any price. 
Wm. Galloway, 
President, 
The Wm. Gal¬ 
loway Go., 
277 Galloway 
Station 
Waterloo, Iowa 
YOU Furnish the Team 
We Furnish the Capital 
If you are honest, capable and ambitions we can set 
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THE DU0F0RM CO., Dept. 20. NORTH JAVA, N. Y. 
For One New Yearly Subscription, 
or Ten 10-Week Trial Subscriptions, 
or Three (3) Renewal Subscriptions 
(one of the three may be a renewal 
of your own subscription). 
This “American Maid” non-breakable 
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with pure, clean cotton. Pretty dress; 
indestructible and sanitary. 
The Rural New-Yorkor, 333 West 30th St., N. Y. 
_ Feed Grinding and Wood Cutting 
In the Winter every farmer finds himself beset with numerous Jobs_big 
and small—every-day Job* and occasional ones. This Is whore an efficient, 
reliable power plant is a time and money saver. 
The u Badger” Engine is made well from start to finish : made to run I 
without interruption ; not merely to sell. 
It is simpie—anybody can run it or adjust it. It is economical, using 
less gas or gasoline than any engine known. It develops more power 
than rated. There are many types and sizes of “ Badgers ” to suit every 
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The “Badger” is always ready to run—Winter or Summer—at an Instant’s 
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Send for Catalog. Free Engineering lessons sent on receipt of dealer’s name. 
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Or J.B. NORTON CO.,Inc., Distributors, 209 Elizabeth St., Utica, N.Y. 
GASOLINE ENGINES 
