1915. 
THE RUR-A.I> NEW-YORKER 
81 
Identifying Bovine Tuberculosis. 
H OW can I tell when a cow has tuber¬ 
culosis? Does it ever break out on 
their bodies in a hard dry scab? 
J. V. 
It is impossible from ordinary obser¬ 
vation to make a positive diagnosis of 
tuberculosis in cattle, though there are 
certain evidences of disease that should 
lead one to suspect it, and have an ex¬ 
pert make a physical examination or a 
tuberculin test. If a cow loses flesh, 
without apparent cause, and if her eyes 
become dull and the coat rough and star¬ 
ing. and she is evidently out of condition, 
it is well to suspect tuberculosis unless 
there is some other known cause for 
these manifestations of ill health. A 
cough need not be expected, as a cough 
indicates only some irritation of the res¬ 
piratory apparatus, and may, or may not, 
be due to tuberculosis; on the other hand, 
advanced tuberculosis of some of the 
other internal organs will not man¬ 
ifest itself by a cough. Bunches forming 
within the udder or open sores from 
broken-down glands are also to be re¬ 
garded with great suspicion. A cow may 
be in very poor condition and not have 
tuberculosis, and may be in the pink of 
condition and be badly infected; the best 
way to make a diagnosis is by the tuber¬ 
culin test, applied by a competent veter¬ 
inarian. I do not know of any form of 
tuberculosis which manifests itself by 
hard dry scabs upon the skin. m. b. d. 
Heifer and Mature Cows. 
I HAVE come to the conclusion that a 
heifer that produces poor milk at her 
first calving, will not improve in mak¬ 
ing extra butterfat in 10 years with ex¬ 
tra good feed. My neighbor, a good 
farmer and well-read man, says give him 
the extra feed, and he will guarantee his 
cow to give richer milk and produce more 
and richer butter. A poor heifer in my 
experience is generally a poor cow. 
Nova Scotia. J. R. l. 
At first glance this inquiry is a bit 
confusing. Does the inquirer mean to 
say that a heifer with first calf that gives 
milk with a low butterfat test will not 
increase in test as she grows older, or 
does he mean that a heifer that gives a 
small amount of milk during her first 
lactation period will never be a high and 
economical producer? The question will 
be answered from both points of view. 
The following table gives the average 
production of 10 Jersey cows reported 
by Eckle’s “Dairy Cattle and Milk Pro- 
d notion.” 
EFFECT 
OF AGE. 
Lactation 
Av. Lbs. Milk 
Av. $ Fat 
Av. Butterfat 
1 
4754 
4.85 
231 
•) 
5060 
5.10 
259 
Q 
ij 
5648 
5.09 
2S7 
4 
6575 
4.82 
317 
5 
6341 
4.68 
297 
6 
6.339 
4.59 
291 
7 
6282 
4.57 
287 
This table shows that the heifer in her 
first lactation period will not, as a rule, 
give milk testing quite as high as she will 
during her second and third lactation 
periods. After the third lactation period 
the test of the milk declines gradually 
until in the sixth and seventh periods it 
is not as high as in the first. Now of 
course the amount of butterfat will in¬ 
crease as long as the amount of milk in¬ 
creases perceptibly which in this case is 
up to the fifth lactation period. This 
table is typical of any that might be 
worked out for any breed, grade, or num¬ 
ber of cows. The increase in test, milk 
flow, and butterfat in the second and 
third lactation is perfectly natural and 
the increase in test at least, is not caused 
by feeding as has been the argument put 
up to our inquirer. It has been thor¬ 
oughly demonstrated by many experi- 
mentors that it is impossible for any 
length of time to increase the per 
cent, of fat in milk by feeding. 
Whenever a man has that idea it i3 
usually found upon quizzing him that 
he has not the records to back up 
his statement. It is true that a cow 
that is poorly fed may by proper feed¬ 
ing be made to give richer milk for a 
short time only. It is this observation j 
that sticks with the feeder. It is the ; 
radical change in feed that causes the 
richer milk. The claim that richer but¬ 
ter can be made by feeding, is of course, 
without grounds. The richness of the 
butter is determined by the churning 
process. 
a good cow. Just as our inquirer says, a 
poor heifer will generally develop into 
a poor cow. The question arises as to 
what we shall consider a poor heifer, or 
in other wrnrds, how much milk must a 
heifer with first calf give to warrant her 
being kept in the herd. It is a much- 
discussed question, and one impossible to 
answer for all conditions. The answer 
depends on the breed, the location, the 
cost of feed and care, and the price re¬ 
ceived for dairy products. If a cow is 
low in production and also a very low 
tester she is all the less valuable. It is 
true some heifers are condemned because 
of lack of proper feed. The only way to 
find out whether the heifer is worthy of 
keeping is to feed a well-balanced ra¬ 
tion, and keep records of same, and also 
records of her milk and butterfat produc¬ 
tion. Unless it can be seen in a few 
months that the heifer is decidedly poor 
she should be kept until she has a sec¬ 
ond calf and is milked two or three 
months on her second lactation, and 
then disposed of if she is not a paying 
proposition. ii. F. J. 
Litter And Feed Carriers.—A farm¬ 
er writes that under present day condi¬ 
tions modern barn equipment is essen¬ 
tial for the operation of a successful 
dairy business. “The man who has time 
to carry manure from the barn with a 
fork is not a busy dairyman. If time 
were not so precious, and the stockman 
was badly in need of exercise, the use 
of the litter carrier would not be so 
necessary. The way things stand at pres¬ 
ent a carrier will give good results upon 
practically every farm where any stock 
is kept housed. Old barns can be fitted 
with the labor saving combination with 
only the making of a few minor adjust¬ 
ments. while new barns should be built 
with the installation of this equipment 
in view. When a man is rushed for time, 
the assistance which a feed carrier gives 
him is inestimable. If some things about 
the farm must be slighted, the feed car¬ 
rier should not be among the number.” 
Advantages Of Winter Dairying.—• 
The cow will do more for the farmer 
when she freshens in the Fall, will have 
a longer milking period, and will give 
more milk the entire year. The farmer 
too will have more time to milk, care for 
the milk and for the calf. The calf will 
do better because it will be free from 
flies, will be ready for pasture, and be¬ 
cause it will receive more attention dur¬ 
ing the Winter. The farmer’s milk will 
command a greater price, and can be 
taken care of to greater advantage ow¬ 
ing to the Winter temperature. Winter 
dairying balances up the year’^ work, 
saves hiring and firing men. 
Standing by the entrance of a large 
estate in the suburbs of Dublin are two 
huge dogs, carved out of granite. An 
Englishman going by in a motor car 
thought he would have some fun with the 
Irish driver. “IIow often. Jack, to they 
feed those big dogs?” “Whenever they 
bark, sir,” was Jack’s reply.—Credit 
Lost. 
A Sound Horse 
Works Harder 
When his shoulders 
are free from galls he 
will work harder 
all day. 
Gall Cure Collars 
prevent and cure galls. They 
cushion the draft and are com¬ 
fortable. They last longer, too; 
they are honestly made of good 
honest materials. 
“Honest Wear” Harness 
stand up year after year; they 
are made of good honest leather 
by workmen who “know how.” 
Every strap right heft for its 
work. 
Money-Back Guarantee 
Defects of harness and collars made 
good or your money back. 
Buy from your Harness Dealer 
LOOK FOR 
THIS LABEL 
I ■ 
BUTTER 
Best 
as 
usual 
at the great 1914 
National Dairy Show 
T? UTTER made from cream scp- 
ated by De Laval Separators 
made the usual clean sweep of all 
highest awards at the great Nation¬ 
al Dairy Show held in Chicago in 
October 1914, as it has always done 
at every convention of the National 
Buttermakers Association or a 
Dairy Show since the beginning of 
these important annual contests in 
1892. 
The Sweepstakes and Gold Medal 
awards in the various classes were 
as follows: 
Whole Milk Creamery Butter 
The highest award in the Whole 
Milk Creamery Butter Class was 
made to Thomas Sadler, of Oelwein, 
Iowa, upon butter made with a De 
Laval Power or Factory Separator 
—score, 96 . 
Gathered Cream Creamery Butter 
The highest award in the import¬ 
ant Gathered Cream Creamery But¬ 
ter Class was made to the United 
Dairy Co., of Chicago, which uses 
both De Laval Separators and Milk 
Clarifiers, the prize winning butter 
being made from cream gathered 
mainly from farm users of De Laval 
Hand Separators—score, 96*4. 
Farm Dairy Butter 
The highest award in the Farm 
Dairy or Home-Made Butter Class 
was made to Austin C. Higgins, of 
Andover, Mass., who happily is not 
only a De Laval user but a De Laval 
Local Agent—score, 96. 
De Laval Superiority Indisputable 
Aside from the Sweepstakes and 
Cold Medal awards in all classes, the 
great majority of all other awards 
and higher scores were likewise given 
to De Laval users, again overwhelm¬ 
ingly demonstrating the superiority 
of De Laval dairy products, as at 
every important quality contest the 
world over for more than thirty 
years. 
The reasons for the superiority of the De Laval on the 
farm and in the creamery, will be made plain by a 
De Laval catalog which will be mailed upon request. 
The De Laval SeparatorCo., 
50,000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER 
165 Broadway, New York 
29 E. Madison St., Chicago 
WELL 
DRILLING 
MACHINES 
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or 
shallow wells in any kind of soil or rock. Mounted on 
wheels or on sills. With engines or horse powers. Strong, 
simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them 
easily. Send for catalog. 
WILLIAMS BROS.. Ithaca, N. Y. 
MAKE BIG PAY DRILLING 
WATER WELLS 
Our Free Drillers’ Book with 
catalog of Keystone Drills 
tells how. Many sizes; trac¬ 
tion and portable. Easy 
terms. These machines 
make good anywhere. 
KEYSTONE WATER DRILL CO 
Beaver Falls Pa. 
‘PUMP 
YOUR WATER 
FOR NOTHING 
WHY PAY FOR GASOLINE 
WHEN WIND IS FREEl 
Get a Big, Powerful, Light- 
Running, Double-Geared 
SAMSON 
WIND 1V1 11 L 
admitted by all perfection In 
Wind Milt Conetruotlon 
STOVER MFG. CO 
188 Samson Avenue Freeport, Illinois 
We also build Alfalfa Grinder,, Hand Grindery Stover Feed' 
mills. Pump Jack,, Ensilage Cutters Free catalog. 
"CONCRETE FOR PERMANENCE‘ 
The United States Government 
formally opened the Panama 
Canal this month to the com¬ 
merce of the World. One of 
the recent large contracts of 
this Company was to supply 
all of the cement used in the 
construction of the Canal, a 
total of considerably over six 
million barrels of Atlas Port¬ 
land Cement, "The standard 
by which all other makes are 
measured.” 
Insist on getting Atlas for 
your work, accept no sub¬ 
stitutes. Look for this black 
trade mark with yellow letters 
on every bag of cement. 
The Atlas Portland Cement Co.. 30 Broad St.. NewYork 
Now as to the amount of milk given 
by a heifer with first calf as a factor in 
determining whether or not she will make 
Write for booklet about Gall Cure Collars 
THE OLMSTED CO. Inc., Syracuse, N.Y. 
CHICAGO 
MINNEAPOLIS 
PHILADELPHIA 
