1915. 
the rura.i> new-yorpcer 
ic : 
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM. 
I AM coming to you for information re¬ 
garding a water system. It is pro¬ 
posed to pump water from the well 
and force it into tank, house and barn 
to be supplied as illustrated in Fig. 30. 
Supply pipe enters bottom of tank. 
Will it require more power to fill tank 
in this way than by running supply pipe 
to top of tank outside as illustrated? I 
held that it would not, but others con¬ 
sider it will require much less power by 
running supply pipe to top of tank. I 
based my conclusions on what instruc¬ 
tions I received while studying hydraulics 
in school, but my memory is not positive, 
l'ou will also notice a two-inch supply 
pipe is used from pump to tank, while 
pipe from well to pump, also outlet of 
pump, is 114 -inch pipe. This two-inch 
pipe was put on to reduce friction. 
Would not this large column of water 
rise harder on account of more weight 
than if supply pipe was 1% inch? Would 
filling tank from bottom create a greater 
pressure on the house plumbing than if 
tank was filled by running pipe to top of 
tank? L. J. G. 
Wellsboro, Pa. 
Water exerts a certain pressure pro¬ 
portional to its depth and the area of the 
water in the pipe standing beside the 
tank. If the pump was not running 
though, or only running fast enough to 
supply the house, this would be lost as 
soon as the level of the water standing 
in the pipe reached that in the tank. 
Unless the pump is quite a consider¬ 
able distance away from the tank I can 
see no great advantage in using the two- 
inch pipe connecting the two. It will 
not, however, make the water lift any 
harder. It will flow more slowly in the 
larger pipe, that is all, and although it 
will weigh more than would the water 
contained in a smaller pipe, it will lift 
just as easily because of the fact that 
it is moving more slowly. This can be 
compared to a great weight that is 
easily lifted by a small force when the 
weight moves slowly enough and the 
force moves at a far greater speed. The 
area of the opening in a two-inch pipe is 
nearly four times that of the opening in 
a li/i-inch pipe (the areas of two cir¬ 
cles are to each other as the squares of 
their diameters) and it can easily be 
opening at the bottom, but this pressure 
is not affected by the size or shape of 
the containing vessel. It is affected only 
by the height of the water column and 
the area of the base or opening at the 
bottom. This is easily proved by the or¬ 
dinary garden sprinkler. When filled 
with water it will be found that the 
water stands at the same level in the 
spout that it does in the body of the 
can itself, yet the weight of the water 
in the can is much greater than of that 
contained in the spout, and one would 
naturally think that the water in the 
spout would be forced to a higher level 
by it. Bearing the above facts in mind 
the reasons for this seeming paradox are 
made clear; the heights of the columns 
of water are equal in each case and their 
bases are equal in area because in real¬ 
ity each has the same base, i.e., the open¬ 
ing from the spout into the can. 
A similar case is a barrel with a piece 
of gas pipe connected into the side at the 
bottom and standing vertically beside it. 
As water is pumped into the barrel it 
will rise to exactly the same height in 
the pipe and no higher, showing that the 
contents of the barrel are balanced by 
the weight of the water contained in 
the pipe. 
The tank mentioned is a parallel case. 
As much force will be required to force 
water up a pipe emptying into the top 
of the tank as would be required to force 
water in at the bottom, for as before 
stated pressure is not due to the size 
or shape of the container but to th. depth 
of the water and the area of the opening 
at the base. In the long run the force 
required to fill the tank from the bot¬ 
tom would probably be less. If the tank 
fdled from the top the back pressure on 
the water would be constant and equal 
the water would be constant and equal to 
the back pressure when the tank was full. 
If the tank was filled from the bottom the 
back pressure at the start of pumping 
would be less, due to a lesser depth of 
water over the opening in the bottom of 
the tank. This back pressure would gradu¬ 
ally increase as the tank filled and the 
depth of water over the opening became 
greater. It would only equal the other 
when the tank became full. 
The pressure in the house supply pipe 
would not be affected to any great ex¬ 
tent in either case. From the diagram I 
am led to believe that the same pipe 
that carries water from the pump to the 
tank is also used for a house supply pipe. 
If this is the case and a faucet at the 
house was opened when the tank was 
nearly empty, you would get slightly 
more pressure, provided that the pump 
was running fast enough to cause water 
to flow into the tank as well as supply¬ 
ing the house, if the supply pipe emptied 
into the top of the tank because of the 
extra pressure caused by the six feet of 
seen that the velocity of flow will only 
be a little more than one-fourth as great 
as the velocity in the 1%-inch pipe to 
get the same rate of flow, the water 
moving much slower and consequently 
lifting no harder. Robert h. smith. 
Little Margaret’s aunt had been ill 
for several weeks, and had lost Hesh. 
On seeing her for the first time after she 
got out, Margaret cried: “My, auntie, 
how you have evaporated !”—Chicago 
Tribune. 
EMERSON 
Farm Tractor 
Model L-12-20 M. P. 
flll-the-Year-Round Power 
For the Small Farm 
H ERE is a tractor that can be 
used to advantage on any 
farm. It has four cylin¬ 
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belt machinery as well. 
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The Emerson Farm Tractor is built 
for the hardest service. Simplest and 
strongest gearing. Large diameter and 
wide driving wheel. Transmission runs 
in enclosed dust proof oil filled case— 
preventing wear. The operation is so 
simple that anyone can run it. Does 
more work than horses—costs less. 
Write today for free folder illustrated in 
colors. 
Let the Emerson Farm 
Tractor Do YOUR Work 
A SIZE FOR EVERY FARM 
Emerson Model L—4 Cylinders—2 Speeds 
Big Four “20” —4 Cylinders—3 Speeds 
Big Four “30” —4 Cylinders—3 Speeds 
Big Four “45” —6 Cylinders—3 Speeds 
The Emerson-Brantingham Implement Co. (Inc.) 
Goad Farm Machinery—Established 1852 
911 S. Iron Street Rockford, Illinois 
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All rubber boots are not high grade. Some men do not realize 
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All the better dealers sell Elephant Head Rubber Boots. 
You can depend on anything you buy in the stores that have them. 
WOONSOCKET RUBBER CO., Woonsocket, R. I. 
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MORE FEED p^r. 
Gal lo ti assent least! 
buhrs frru 
8000 bn. Grinds all kinc_ 
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TETZ 
FEED MILL 
. Self-Sharpening Silcnt-Buhfr 
Try it 10 days free. If not 
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pense. Give H. P. of 
engine when you wiite. 
Letz Mfg. Co., 213 East Road. 
Crown Point, Ind. 
Nothing doing, 
Mr. Fertilizer Agent 
I MIX MI OWN FERTILIZER 
with 
GENUINE 
Peruvian Guano 
SAVE $10.00 PER TON 
GET BIGGER CROPS 
^ NITRATE AGENCIES CO. 
106 Pearl Street, New York City 
Write to-day for FREE Formula 
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Genuine Peruvian Guano 
„ Entered In U, S.P llfKI 
Off 
with a rush! 1915 is well under 
way and it’s only a few short 
weeks to Spring. WAKE UP! GET BUSY! 
Prepare NOW—not a month hence—for 1915 Crops. 
Make This a BANNER Year 
Use Hubbard’s ]3 asE Fertiliz ers 
They contain just the necessary vitalizing properties 
your tired-out lands require. Let us co-operate with 
you and assist you as we have assisted others. 
Write today for Hubbard’s “Bone Base” Almanac for 1915, which contains 
much valuable information about soil, fertilizers and other farm subjects. 
Also booklet on “Soil Fertility,” which may help you in planning. Sent free 
to any address. 
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO., Address Dept. A, Middletown, Conn. 
Office and Works, Portland, Conn. 
