156 
THE RURAI* NEW-YORKER 
January 30, 
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II The Henyard (| 
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Eggs and Parcel Post 
I HAVE been interested in reading the 
various articles on shipping eggs by 
parcel post which you have printed, es¬ 
pecially the one by E. H. It. on page 
8G7. I would like to ask if she has every 
package insured. If one is sending only 
a dozen or two at a time the five cents 
for insuring counts up, yet from my own 
experience I find it is not safe to send 
them without. Early in December I 
ventured to send a package of fresh eggs 
to a sick friend in the second zone, but 
did not think to have the package in¬ 
sured. The eggs never reached their 
destination, though the card mailed at 
the same time was promptly received. 
Our rural mail carrier said there could 
be nothing done about it, as it was not 
insured. Therefore, I prepared another 
package, paid the five cents to have it 
insured, and it reached my friend as soon 
as the accompanying card. F. J. B. 
New York. 
Identifying Pigeons. 
I HAVE a flock of Carneaux pigeons. 
Having sold a lot of them for breed¬ 
ing I am at a loss, as I cannot detect 
male bird from female, they are so alike, 
('ould you give me information as how 
I could tell them apart? J. M. H. 
Pennsylvania. 
I know of no sure and infallible meth¬ 
od. Watch them when they are together. 
If any are strutting about some other 
dove and cooing you may be sure they 
are the males. The ones about which 
they are strutting are the females. Old 
pigeon fanciers can sometimes tell the 
sex by feeling of the pelvic bones, some¬ 
times called the “lay bones.” These are 
the two bones that end just below the 
vent. In females that are laying they 
are farther apart than in males. With 
young birds it is difficult to distinguish 
the sex. w. H. H. 
Laying Average. 
W HAT percentage of eggs is a March 
hatch of pullets supposed to lay in 
November (Leghorns) say a flock 
of 500? Do eight-mouths-ohl pullets in 
any considerable numbers like the above 
ever reach 50 per cent, eggs during the 
early Winter months? E. w. 
California. 
I cannot say what March pullets may 
reasonably be expected to do on the Pa¬ 
cific Coast, but I should consider a flock 
of 500 pullets that had reached a 50 per 
cent, egg yield in November in the East¬ 
ern States had made a remarkable rec¬ 
ord. You may have noticed that the 40 
pens of, White Leghorns at the Storrs 
contest, these pens consisting of 10 hens 
each, laid in 28 days of November 2,187 
eggs out of a possible 11,000, or a 19 per 
cent, egg yield for the month. Not very 
close to a 50 per cent, egg yield from 
selected pullets kept in small flocks and 
given the best of care. M. B. D. 
Frozen Mangels; Coccidiosis; Excess Oxygen 
A RE mangels or any vegetable that has 
been frozen and then thawed out, 
but not allowed to spoil, all right to 
feed poultry? 2. Is coccidiosis, which I 
understand to be a form of white diar¬ 
rhoea, transmitted through the egg as 
that is? My flock had it badly last year, 
and not knowing what it was or what to 
do for it at the time, I lost a large num¬ 
ber. Losses occurred after they were 
three weeks old. 3. What do you think 
of these machines for forcing oxygen into 
an incubator? Will not the lack, of oxy¬ 
gon cause chicks to die in shell? Is it 
not poor ventilation, lack of oxygen that 
often makes small incubator hatch better 
than a larger one? J. c. G. 
Michigan. 
1. While I have never had occasion to 
feed them, it does not seem to me prob¬ 
able that frozen and thawed mangels, or 
other vegetables, could be deleterious to 
fowls. If experience has shown other¬ 
wise, I am not aware of it. No food 
should be given, of course, after it has 
decayed. 
2. Coccidiosis is a term applied to dis¬ 
ease caused by the presence of coccidia in 
the intestinal tract of birds. Its chief 
ravages occur among turkeys where it is 
commonly known as blackhead. The 
white diarrhoea of chicks is caused by 
another organism, the bacterium pullor- 
um. Coccidia are low forms of animal 
parasitic organisms, while bacteria belong 
to the vegetable kingdom. The bacteria 
of white diarrhoea in chicks may be trans¬ 
mitted through the egg, many infected 
hens being carriers of the organism. It 
is also transmitted through infected food, 
drink, litter, etc. Not all “white diar¬ 
rhoea” in chicks is caused by this organ¬ 
ism which usually infects its victims with¬ 
in four days from hatching. 
3. The various appliances for supply¬ 
ing an excess of oxygen to incubators 
have never been demonstrated to have any 
merit, so far as I know. Ordinary air 
contains all the oxygen that eggs need 
for the development of the embryo, even 
if these appliances do what their promo¬ 
ters claim for them; a matter open to 
grave doubt. An abundance of vitality 
in the eggs is probably more often the 
true explanation of unusually good hatch¬ 
es than anything else. M. B. D. 
Eggs With Blood Clots. 
I HAVE a hen in my flock which lays 
bloody eggs and I lost one of my cus¬ 
tomers through her eggs. Looking 
up the subject in The Business Hen it 
says: “Such a hen should be removed 
from the pen and fed carefully until she 
regains normal condition.” How do I 
know the hen from the others? If I 
could find out which one I would soon 
have her in normal condition with the 
hatchet. If not able to tell the hen from 
the others would it be possible to judge 
the egg with an egg tester? E. D. V. 
New York. 
An egg containing a blood ring is easi¬ 
ly detected with an ordinary egg tester, 
or, lacking that, by means of a roll of 
paper or cardboard against one end of 
which the egg is held while looking 
through it toward a lamp in a darkened 
room or toward the sunlight. If a blood 
clot is present it will usually be seen in 
the form of a more or less perfect and 
bright red ring which is easily distin¬ 
guished from the dark yolk of the egg. Un¬ 
less the hens can be watched and the 
eggs from each tested, I know of no way 
in which the culprit can be found. In a 
small flock a hen that was overfat might 
be suspected and by a few trials you 
might be fortunate enough to find the 
one at fault. It is by no means certain, 
however, that a number of hens may not 
occasionally lay such eggs and it would 
then be more difficult to separate the 
offenders. m. b. d. 
New York. 
Poultry Wanted. —According to 
Prof. Graham of the Massachusetts Agri¬ 
cultural College, the nations of Europe 
have their eyes on America as the source 
of their surplus egg supply. England, 
it is known, depends largely on contin¬ 
ental Europe and some of her colonies 
for her egg supply. Now the poultry 
business is ruined in Belgium, large por¬ 
tions of France, Germany, and Austria, 
and the price of eggs in Holland, Den¬ 
mark, Norway and Sweden is beyond the 
reach of ordinary people. All Europe 
will suffer except possibly Russia, and 
this is a deplorable situation in view of 
large quantities of eggs which will be 
needed for hospitals and convalescent 
soldiers. Two English poultry clubs 
have passed resolutions appealing to all 
poultry keepers to retain all useful stock 
birds with a view to increasing the na¬ 
tion’s supply of fowls and eggs for food. 
Poultrymen in Canada are also being 
urged to meet the demands that will be 
made upon them by the mother country, 
and poultry keepers of the States may 
well take advantage of the situation. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
CMCUD teen .W1HAI BUCKVrtlUt WfIR COW. 
OAlsmi MUMitSUD 
WHEN fED TO HENS THEY CANT HELP LAYING 
TI O-GA 
POULTRY GRAIN 
IT INCREASES THE CAPACITY OF 
GOOD HENS, AND MAKES EVEN 
A POOR HEN DO HER LEVEL BEST 
"LAWN PARK" COOP 
_ Saves Your Chicks -___ 
The Wire Park, ■which pulls put like a drawer, gives 
hen and chicks fresh grass, air .and Bunshine during 
the day; closes at night and in. storms. This coop 
meets every demand; portable, with removable floor 
for easy cleaning; roomy, 
light, durable, sanitary. 
PROOF 
Against 
Hawks, Rats, 
Weasels, etc. 
Made of galvanized metal; repels vermin. Size, open, 
18 in. x 24 in. x 48 in. Pays for itself in chicks and labor 
saved. Write today for free circulars, special prepaid 
offer and how to turn work into pleasure and profit. 
CYCLONE MFG. CO., DEPT. O ; URBANA, IND. 
148 Chicks From 150 Eggs 
Osceola. Mo. 
I sorely praise the Sore Hatch incubators. I have a 150 ears size. The first setting 
I pot in 152 eggs and broke two the first week which left only 150 at hatching time. I 
got 148 chicks and never tested the eggs. We surely have had fine luck with our ma- 
chine the past two years. Would not sell it and be without it f °r an? money 
My neighbors have other incubators and I beat them all. NriLiLiiri CjAKUiNii.K 
Women and children find 
it easy to succeed with 
the Sure Hatch incubator 
We can give you the names of tens of thousands 
who make a handsome, steady income with very 
little effort, and would not bother with hens or 
with any other incubator. The 
Sure Hatch 
Is Automatic in Operation 
Our Uncle Sam 
Poultry Book will 
help you to succeed. 
Ittells allabouthow 
to handle the busi¬ 
ness the best way. 
It is a compilation 
of official reports by 
U. S. Government 
experts. Tells what 
to do and what not 
to do. Many illus¬ 
trations. Free with 
every Sure Hatch. 
Any one can succeed with it, even if they have never seen an incubator 
before. It is a plain, simple, strong machine, so built that it can’t go 
wrong. Will hatch in cold weather when others fail. We send with each 
machine complete instructions for operating that are very easily followed. 
We guarantee it lO years and send it to you freight 
paid, on 60 days trial. Satisfy yourself by actual test 
that it Is a quality machine in every respect. Your 
money back promptly if it is not all we claim for it. 
Poultry turns kitchen waste and other farm waste into ready money; 
and you can depend upon the Sure Hatch to bring you the chicks at the 
time of year you want to hatch them to grot the best price for them. 
Write for our Free Illustrated Catalog, giving full Informa¬ 
tion on Sure Hatch Incubators and Brooders, with much 
valuable Information about poultry. 
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO., Box 44 .Fremont,Neb. 
Cast Iron 
Coal 
You can now brood 
your chicks in flocks 
Iartre enough to pay 
big profits. Profit¬ 
able for 100 chicks— 
best for 300 to 500. 
AUTOMATIC HEAT CONTROL-SAFE-HEALTHY 
Bums coal—costs a few cents a day. Magazine Feed keeps even 
fire ; prevents guesswork. Thermostat draft regulation. Guar¬ 
anteed felt holds heat—chicks cannot pick it to pieces. 
Accessible. Easy to clean and operate. Portable. Durable. 
Write today for catalogue and full oarticulars. 
Candee Incubator & Brooder Co., Dept R» Eastwood, N. Y. 
Mfrs. of Candee Incubators from 1200 to 50,000-egg capacities. 
Prairie Slate Portable Hover 
Here is a quickly portable hover that has made good 
among thousands of critical buyers. Constructed of gal¬ 
vanized steel, light in weight, heavily insulated, 
economical in oil consumption. 
Adapted to any brooder house. 
A complete equipment at low cost. 
Built to satisfy the demand for a 
dependable — practical brooder. 
Brioe $8,601 Write for Catalog. 
Prairie State Incubator Co. 
325 MAIN STREET, HOMER CITY, PA. 
Improved Parcel Post Egg Boxes 
SEND 15 CENTS FOR SAMPLE 
New Flats and Fillers and Egg Gases 
CATALOGUE SENT FREE ON REQUEST 
H. K. BRUNNER, 45 Harrison Street, N. Y. 
MAKE HENS LAYH 
more eggs; larger, more vigorous chicks; 
heavier iowls, by feeding cut bone. 
WMS U A IIIHC LATEST MODEL 
I ▼Si'Swr MANN O bone cutter 
cuts last, easy, •.fine; never clogs. 
■ to Days 1 Free Trial. No money in advance. Book free. 
■■KF.W.MANN CO., Box 16 . MILFORD,MASS.fl 
5 y Incubator 
JVCOS Thermometers 
brooder insUt th^i t be fitted with ''Tycoa" Thermometers. 
Iie-ma bigger hatches—t etter chicks, bigger profits. Magnify mg 
s front makes reading easy. Slightest difference m 
vy far Instrument Companies Rochester, N. Y. 
GRIT 
ill i/l CUE I If you r want plenty 
lYIAhA-untL of eggs and strong 
chicks, feed a rough grit; feed a 
grit that grinds; feed “Malta 
Shel.” L sed by the largest 
poultrymen. Ask your denier 
or send $1.00 for two 100 lb. bags, f. o b. cars; 
Middle and New England States, ton $5.50; 
one ton $10, freight paid. Agents wanted. 
Edge Hill Silica Rock Co., Box J, New Brunswick, N. J. 
MacKellar’s Charcoal 
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also 
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of 
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1814 
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N.Y. 
POPULAR^M 
PRICED 
INCUBATORS y 
READER, before you buy an incubator of 
any size or at any price, be sure tosend for our 
200 -page free Catalogue and Poultry Guide for 
1915, entitled “The Profits in Poultry Keeping;” 
also for our free 52-page booklet, “Best Methods 
of Brooding;” also for latest special 1915 circu¬ 
lars illustrating and de- 
T-7)V1#Z2 £&i scribing the 
CYPHERS 
COMPANY 
COMPLETE LINE of 
three styles of hatching 
machines, the hot-water 
Superior In Cuba tors, the 
hot-air Columbia Incu¬ 
bators and the world-famous Standard Cyphers 
Incubators. Eight different sizes and prices, 
ranging from S10 to S38. This free printed matter 
also will tell you all about the Cyphers Company 
Self-regulating Adaptable and Portable Hovers, 
about our Semi-Mammoth 1,200 to 1,C00 egg Incu¬ 
bators and about the more than 100 ot her valuable, 
practical poultry articles wo manufacture. 
FRFF POSTPAID* All this printed matter 
FELL, rUOirAlLl. is FREE FOR THE 
ASKING and we nay postage. Send for i t TODAY 
—right now, while you are thinking of it. and if 
agreeable please state what you are planning to 
buy. Address our nearest place of business. 
Cyphers Incubator Co. D |g‘- Buffalo, N.Y. 
Boston, New York, Chicago, Kansas City, Dallas, Oakland 
My Free Book “Hatchingfacts” 
Tells how thousands make big hatches, 
make big money with Belle City hatching 
outfits. Tells how users won 13 more 
World’s Championships in 1914, making 
Belle 
City 21 
Times 
WORLD’S 
Champion 
Write today .or this great Free Book. Join the 
money-making World’s Champion Poultry Raisers. 
Book gives you full particulars of my. 
$800 Gold Offers 
My 10-year personal money-back 
Guaranty—my low prices, freight 
prepaid. See World’s Champion ma¬ 
chines in actual colors. Start early 
for gold offers. Jim Rohan, Pres. 
Belle City Incubator Co., Box 
tfFreight" 
Prepaid. I, 
2 or 3 Months* 
Home Test 
48, Racine, WIs. 
Hatches Every Chick 
Poultry raisers ought to follow the simple and 
easy Buckeye system which positively hatches 
every liatcliable egg. How to make $200 a sea¬ 
son with one incubator, that costs $7.50, is fully 
explained in a most interesting book which will 
be sent absolutely free to any reader who men¬ 
tions this paper. Every one should write today 
for this valuable free book to 
BUCKEYE CO., 633 Euclid Ave., Springfield, 0. 
FrelghtPald 
Fast of 
the Rockies 
Both are made of 
Calif. Redwood. 
Incubator is cov¬ 
ered with 
; has tripli 
copper tank, nursery, 
8 » tester, thermometer, ready to 
30 DAYS' TRIAL—money back if 
O.K. WriteforFREECatalogNow. 
NCLAD INCUBATOR CO., Deptl 11 
Howto Pickthelayers 
^^Don’t kill or sell your laying hens. Th^^ 
W Potter System is a simple, certain method i 
r of picking the layers from the loafers or di¬ 
seased hens. Used by over 50,000 satisfied! 
['poultry keepers. New 100-page Potter System I 
[ book tells the secret and gives other informa- J 
[tion. If you want to make more money from | 
1 your flock, write today. Full information free. 
POTTER 6 CO„ 39 For—t Aw, DOWNERS GROVE. ILL. 
Wisconsii 
n Wins In Big Hatching Contests S 
130 Egg 
Incubator 
130 Chick Brooder 
BOTH For 
J /T Freight Paid 
A \i East of Rockies 
180 Egg Incubator 
and Brooder * 12 
Wisconsin Incubators won In 1910. 1911,1912, 1913 and __—_ ulj 
1914 in National Hatching Contests — Thousand of machines com- -rf 
peting. Catalog tells all about it —and why Wisconsins are winners. B 
If ordered together— 1 j§ nj2 
BOTH MACHINES $10—Freight Paid East of Rockies 
WisconBins have hot water heat, double walls, dead air space between, r| *'/ , ‘4 Jl 
double glass doors, copper tanks and boilers, self-regulating. Nursery P 
under tray. Incubator and Brooder shipped complete with thermom- I p£--r>_r-fj 
eters, lamps, egg-testers, all set-up, ready to use when you get them. r J -»j. 
Incubators finished, in natural color showing high-grade Calif. Redwood f*JL~ 1 
Inmher we use—not painted to cover up cheap material. Send for catalocr and we will L-JiTTm | 
send you a sample of the material, then you can compare it with the kind others use. 
If you will do this we know you will order a Wisconsin. Money back if not satisfied. 
Wisconsin Incubator Co., Box 104 Racine, Wis. T . 1 
