1915. 
notes and comments. 
P OSSIBILITIES OF PRODUCTION. 
—My friend Pierce writes very in¬ 
terestingly (page 61) on the possiblities 
of production. The difficulty is that we 
do not always have the foresight to take 
advantage of temporary conditions. Last 
Summer the market was bare of onions, 
and early ripening onions sold well. I 
sold my Yellow Potato onions in July 
for $2 a bushel right here at home, and 
by figuring the space taken to make a 
bushel I would have had over $450 an 
acre clear, besides saving sets enough 
for the Fall planting, and had I fore¬ 
seen the conditions temporarily prevail¬ 
ing last Summer in the onion market I 
could have made quite a little figure out 
of early onions. But several years ago 
I beat this by growing Candidum lilies. 
On a space 25x40 feet I sold cut flowers 
and bulbs to the amount of $103.89, or 
at the rate of over $4,500 an acre. ITad 
I foreseen the coming of the war in 
Europe and the difficulty in getting these 
bulbs from France this past Fall, it 
would have paid me handsomely to im¬ 
port a big lot of planting bulbs in the 
Fall of 1913, and I would have had a 
crop of bulbs to sell the past Fall, when 
I tried to import them and failed to get 
them as they were grown in the war 
area. With the proper foresight there 
was a little fortune in these bulbs, which 
we can grow here as well as in France. 
While expecting to get some from abroad 
I sold too closely and am short on lilies. 
Hence I repeat that it is a matter of 
foresight which we do not generally pos¬ 
sess. By the way, in regard to onions, 
I think that it was recently stated that 
the White Potato onion or Multiplier, is 
a poor keeper. This is true of the Yel¬ 
low Potato onion, but the white one is 
one of the best keepers I have ever 
grown. I have kept them a whole year 
unsprouted. 
Wild Onions. —A number of years ago 
I grew a crop of wheat up near the 
eastern side of the Blue Ridge in Vir¬ 
ginia. I wrote to millers in Staunton 
offering this wheat. They replied that 
they did not buy wheat from that side 
of the mountains, as it was full of onion. 
I^vrote them that there were no onions 
in this field, and sent them a sample of 
the wheat, and they bought the crop at 
top of the market. The wheat stubble 
was plowed and sowed to cow peas, and 
the whole field came full of wild onions. 
Evidently they had been there buried 
too deep to grow. One of my old students 
was a weed expert in the Department of 
Agriculture, and he devised a plan for 
killing out wild onions, which was pub¬ 
lished in a farmers’ bulletin which I 
suppose can still be secured. His plan 
is based on the habit of growth. Each 
plant makes a white-skinned bulb and a 
number of small dark-colored offsets. 
The main bulb will grow in the Fall. 
Let it grow till empty and then turn 
all under completely. The little offsets 
will not grow till Spring. Let them grow 
in the same way till hollow, and then 
plow them under and the job is done, if 
you do not allow a single top to remain 
uncovered. 
Protecting Early Plants. —I do not 
use plant protectors, but depend on the 
earth itself as a protection from frost. 
Two years ago we had a freeze the 11th 
of May. The night before I went out 
and bent my tomato plants over carefully 
and piled the soil over them. String 
beans and cucumber were treated in the 
same way. Next morning the ther¬ 
mometer marked 28 above zero. The 
weather warmed up at once and the 
plants were uncovered and unhurt. 
English Walnuts. — Dr. Deming 
(page 70) in reply to a query says that 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
171 
English walnuts are not a commercial 
success, but mentions many trees that 
are making good crops. It would seem 
from this that the walnut might be made 
a commercial success if planted on a 
commercial scale. Mr. J. J. Rosa of Mil¬ 
ford, Del., had a tree that made fine 
crops and he argued that if one tree 
would do this, many more would, and he 
has planted quite a good-sized walnut 
orchard, which when I last saw it was 
in a very thrifty condition, but whether 
any have yet borne I cannot say. But I 
believe that there is a better prospect in 
the upper South for profit in English 
walnuts than in the pecans which are 
being so largely planted. They come into 
bearing earlier than pecans, and good 
English walnuts will always sell for a 
good price. 
Tiie Potato Outlook. —What you say 
on page 73 in regard to the great quan¬ 
tity of potatoes on hand in the North 
makes me think that this may have a bad 
influence on the coming crop of early 
potatoes in the South. And yet the cot¬ 
ton farmers in their despair over the 
price of cotton are thinking of rushing 
into truck crops, and all over the South 
I get letters from farmers asking about 
the cultivation of early Irish potatoes, 
and I fear that the result will be a mass 
of inferior product on the markets that 
will mean profit to no one. The growers 
on this Eastern coast, with organized 
exchanges distributing their product by 
car loads, may come out, but isolated 
growers all over the South will be handi¬ 
capped by freight rates and the fact that 
they must depend on the honesty of com¬ 
mission men, and I fear that one season’s 
experiment in this direction will be a 
source of loss to them. A farmer dab¬ 
bling in a litle truck seldom makes a suc¬ 
cess, for he fails to realize that market 
gardening is a distinct pursuit from gen¬ 
eral farming, and demands more labor 
and more lavish use of fertilizers than 
farmers imagine. The thing for the cot¬ 
ton farmers is to go into good rotative 
farming, forage making and stock feed¬ 
ing, giving cotton a smaller place and 
building up their soil to greater produc¬ 
tion per acre. w. F. MASSEY. 
Maryland. 
Vetch With Buckwheat. 
1 WISII to sow a pat^h of buckwheat 
next Summer, and harvest it down 
with chickens when ripe. The land is 
now an old sod, with the humus content 
fairly nearly minimum. Can I get a cov¬ 
er crop to plow under in the Spring of 
1916, by sowing some Hairy vetch along 
with the buckwheat? The idea was sug¬ 
gested by a few vetch plants in my gar¬ 
den, the seed for which was sown late in 
1913, and did not come up until midsum¬ 
mer 1914. At the present time the tops 
cover areas three or four feet across. In 
fact I never saw vetch grow so well be¬ 
fore, although I sowed it for the first 
time about seven years ago. If any of 
The R. N.-Y. family can give me any¬ 
thing better than an opinion of the com¬ 
bination suggested above, I shall then be 
able to invest in vetch seed more intel¬ 
ligently. The prices for this seed will, 
of course, be very high on account of the 
war. c. M. G. 
Hartford, Conn. 
R. N.-Y.—That’s right—ask for “some¬ 
thing better than an opinion.” From our 
experience we should sow both vetch and 
rye with the buckwheat. The rye will 
surely live through, while the vetch may 
be killed out. There will surely be some 
reader to tell us about it accurately. 
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•n aq 
