192 
THE KURAE NEW-YORKER 
February G. 
FERTILIZER QUESTIONS. 
Green Manure for Garden. 
I HAVE a piece of clay ground that 
has been in grass for 15 years, and a 
crop of grass has been taken off each 
year without putting anything back on. 
Sixteen years ago it was heavily ma¬ 
nured, and raised a banner crop of corn. 
Hast year it yielded from a ton to a ton 
and a half of hay. It will not be practi¬ 
cal for me to plow this ground and ma¬ 
nure again this year. Will it pay to top- 
dress the grass with chemical fertilizers 
with a fertilizer distributer this Spring? 
If so how much would you put on to the 
acre, and what kinds would be the best? 
2. I have another piece of clay ground, 
half of which I am manuring with cow 
manure from the barn and put onto the 
land each day at the rate of about 15 
tons to the acre. Each ton of this ma¬ 
nure contains 100 pounds cotton seed 
and 125 pounds of wheat middlings, de¬ 
ducting what the cows assimilated in 
the process of digestion, and not a drop 
of liquid manure is wasted, as there is 
plenty of bedding to absorb same. Both 
the unmanured and manured ground was 
planted to corn last year with nothing 
but 300 pounds of commercial fertilizer 
to the acre, and had a medium yield of 
corn. It was seeded to rye at the last 
cultivation with the result of a thin 
stand to date. I intend to harrow the 
ground before plowing, and seed to oats 
this Spring to be cut for hay. The ma¬ 
nured ground will be plowed again and 
seeded down to Timothy and Mammoth 
Red clover. The unmanured ground will 
be plowed and seeded down to rye for 
turning under in the Spring and ma¬ 
nured through the Winter. Will it pay 
to lime or fertilize either of this land? 
If so, how much would you put on to 
the acre, and what kinds of chemical fer¬ 
tilizers would you advise? E. A. K. 
Hartford, Conn. 
1. Yes, with present hay prices it will 
pay to top-dress any meadow that yields 
one ton per acre. The greatest need of 
such grass is soluble nitrogen, and ni¬ 
trate of soda will supply this. If the 
sod is to be plowed after cutting the 
grass, or next season, we should use 125 
pounds of nitrate of soda per acre. If 
the grass, is to be cut after this year we 
should use 500 pounds per acre of one 
of the special grass mixtures. 
2. On the part where the manure is 
plowed under we should use three parts 
of acid phosphate to one part muriate of 
potash—400 pounds per acre, with a com¬ 
plete fertilizer on the other part. At 
the time of seeding to Timothy and clo¬ 
ver use one ton of lime to the acre. With 
us lime does better used with a seeding 
than with oats or rye. 
Manure for Onions. 
S HOULD I spread any manure for 
onions on a piece of ground that is 
very rich where potatoes were badly 
attacked with grubs last Summer? Will 
a fertilizer containing 4-9-5 spread on 
that ground, one-half ton to acre, be suf¬ 
ficient, or shall I also cover it with ma¬ 
nure? There is rye on the ground now. 
Freehold, N. J. M. K. 
We find it quite hard to get the ground 
too rich for onions. I have seen splendid 
onions grown on ground that had been 
covered with at least 50 tons of short 
manure to the acre. For ourselves we 
do not feel that such a tremendous out¬ 
lay of money for manure would be profit- 
abl. We try to get on 10 to 15 tons of 
manure to the acre annually and then use 
about 800 pounds of a 4-8-10 fertilizer 
in the row. This year it will be about 
4-8-3. You are fortunate in being in an 
exchange territory where you can secure 
5% of potash in your fertilizers. Ma¬ 
nure used on top of the rye and plowed 
under quite early in the Spring will cer¬ 
tainly help in bringing out a full yield 
of onions and the manure will enrich 
that soil for the coming crop, but whether 
you use it or not must lie with your judg¬ 
ment. From what you say I imagine 
an application in the row of 1000 pounds 
of a 4-9-5 fertilizer, together with the 
plant food already in the soil, will be 
ample to bring out a very profitable yield 
of onions, although it may not be quite 
as large as would be the case if manure 
were used in addition. trucker, jr. 
Hardwood Ashes for Grain. 
I HAVE a lot of hardwood ashes. 
Would it help the crops of corn for 
silo, also for oats, to sift them and 
run them in my drill with the two crops, 
or would it be better to mix them with 
something else? I would run four or five 
hundred pounds to the acre. F. K. 
Greene, N. Y . 
The ashes contain lime, potash and 
phosphoric acid and will help the corn. 
They will be more effective if mixed with 
fine ground bone—two pounds by weight 
of ashes to one of bone. This mixture 
drilled in will help the corn. 
I want information as to best green crop 
to turn under in the Spring. I plant¬ 
ed w r heat on our vegetable garden, at 
my country home; will wheat improve 
soil by plowing under in early Spring, 
and also will the ground need fertilizer 
in the shape of stable refuse or will it 
need no extra fertilization? We raise po¬ 
tatoes and all garden vegetables. 
New York. E. L. P. 
The wheat will give you a fair amount 
of organic matter to plow under. It is 
not as good as rye, as it does not start 
so early or grow as rapidly, and in an 
early garden the cover crop must be 
worked in early. We should not consid¬ 
er that the wheat crop takes the place 
of manure or fertilizer. It merely adds 
organic matter to the soil, and we should 
use just as much manure or fertilizer as 
on bare ground. A good combination to 
sow in the garden is rye, barley, Crim¬ 
son clover and rape. 
A Hen-manure Fertilizer. 
W E have spoken several times of the 
possibility of some poultry man 
with a large amount of chicken ma¬ 
nure developing a little fertilizer trade 
by mixing the manure with the proper 
chemicals. We now have a circular from 
a New Jersey company which claims to 
be doing this very thing. They say they 
have developed some plan for thoroughly 
drying the chicken manure, then grind¬ 
ing it fine. There is no great secret 
about this. Thousands of farmers know 
that by the frequent use of land plaster 
they can dry out the manure and carry 
it safely through the Winter. Then in 
the Spring the manure is ground fine and 
either used direct as a fertilizer or mixed 
with chemicals. The company mentioned 
guarantee an analysis of about 3 1-3% 
of nitrogen, 2% of phosphoric acid, and 
1% of potash. In dry chicken manure, 
this is considerably above the average. 
They charge for this mixture $22 per 
ton in carload lots, down to 30 cents for 
a 10-pound bag, the latter price, of 
course, meaning $60 a ton. Our under¬ 
standing is that this chicken manure is 
scraped out of the poultry cars in which 
live poultry are shipped into Jersey City. 
The manure is then dried both by the use 
of plaster or similar substances and also 
with artificial heat, and then ground. 
This company also offers a brand of 
chicken manure mixed with acid pros- 
phate. This gives something of 1%% 
of nitrogen, nearly 10% of phos¬ 
phoric acid and half of one per 
cent, of potash, and is offered in ton lots 
for $20.50 a ton. We have long thought 
that some of the larger chicken farms 
might develop a fair trade in producing 
a garden fertilizer. The thoroughly dried 
manure may be ground fine and a mix¬ 
ture like the following can be made: 
1,000 pounds fine hen manure; 600 
pounds acid phosphate; 200 pounds ni¬ 
trate of soda; 200 pounds muriate of pot¬ 
ash. If the hen manure were ground 
thoroughly fine and well mixed with these 
chemicals, this would mean an excellent 
dressing for garden use, and would prob¬ 
ably meet with a very fair local sale in 
localities near a town or city. 
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