210 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 13, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every Query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to , insure 
attention. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Dwarf Trees. 
W OULD it be advisable to .set out an 
orchard of dwarf trees? Is the 
fruit as large and of the same 
flavor as the larger trees, and will it 
keep as well? Will the dwarf trees live 
and bear as long as the large trees. 
Where can 1 get a book on fruit trees? 
Point Pleasant, West Va. c. A. G. 
I have seen a no evidence yet of the 
commercial value of dwarf orchards as 
compared with standard trees. They 
might be used as fillers in orchards of 
standard trees. The apples if anything 
as a rule are larger than the same va¬ 
riety on standard roots. I can see no ap¬ 
preciable difference in keeping qualities 
and no difference in flavor. As a rule 
they are not long lived as compared 
with same variety on standard. As a 
general book on all kinds of fruit grow¬ 
ing C. A. G. would probably find “Prin¬ 
ciples of Fruit Growing,” by S. B. Green 
as valuable as any be could get. It may 
be obtained from The R. N.-Y. 
A. T. STEVENS. 
Woolly Aphis. 
W OOLLY aphis appeared in our orch¬ 
ard quite suddenly last Fall, and as 
the State Department bulletins are 
rather indefinite we would like practical 
experience in fighting the pest. Does the 
same species attack both root and limb? 
Does their presence on the tree indicate 
that the roots are infested? Does the 
foliage indicate in any way such as by 
falling too early, when the roots are in¬ 
fested? It would seem an endless job in 
a big orchard to dig up around the roots 
<>f every tree. Do they reproduce under¬ 
ground and travel from one tree to an¬ 
other on the roots when trees are plant¬ 
ed close together as is the case when 
"fillers” are eight or 10 years old? Does 
a dormant spray of oil prove effective? 
In the past we have found the green 
and rose aphis to be by far the most 
difficult of all pests to control, and from 
what we can learn of this new comer the 
prospect is not very encouraging. h. 
Harbor Springs, Mich. 
The woolly aphis may be found either 
on the larger twigs, limbs or roots. They 
generally are foumj clustered on the 
smaller twigs, especially water sprouts 
and around wounds. Here their pres¬ 
ence always indicates that others are 
feeding upon the roots. On the roots 
they cause gall-like swellings, and the 
roots will die in a year or two if not at¬ 
tended to. To do this the soil should be 
carefully removed till enough of the roots 
is exposed to determine their condition. 
If the insects are present the earth should 
be removed down to the upper roots for 
a distance of two feet from the trunk in 
all directions, and this area well satur¬ 
ated with 15 per cent, kerosene emulsion. 
The earth should then be put back, leav¬ 
ing the emulsion to work into the ground. 
Tobacco dust can be used on young stock, 
but is not very successful on old orchard 
trees. 
If badly attacked the tree becomes 
sickly, its foliage turns yellow and the 
tree may be killed. The injury seems to 
be greater on light soils than on heavy 
ones. In the Spring the aphides will be 
found in all stages of development on the 
roots. On the trunks in concealed places, 
few adults which have wintered over will 
he found. When the buds begin to open 
and now shoots appear the adults will 
soon migrate to them, and also many of 
those in the ground will crawl up the 
trunk to feed upon the new growth. At 
this time tangle-foot might be of tise to 
catch these climbers. 
During the Summer the insects in¬ 
crease rapidly but are wingless. In the 
Fall winged forms appear, fly to other 
trees, and the females lay a single egg at 
the base of the trunk. This hatches in 
the Spring, giving rise to new colonies. 
As they increase large galls are pro¬ 
duced on the roots. As the roots die, the 
aphides migrate to living roots, thus their 
absence from badly infected galled roots 
is not an indication that they have left 
the tree, but simply that they have gone 
to the next living root. Some may have 
crawled up the tree as stated above. 
Winter spraying with lime-sulphur will 
destroy any hibernating aphides. Any 
miscible oil. a seven per cent, kerosene 
emulsion, etc., applied with considerable 
force (100-150 pounds pressure) sprayed 
upwards and as soon as the buds open 
and the insect appears is a good remedy. 
Weak solutions of kerosene emulsion may 
be applied during the Summer if the pest 
becomes bad. 
Disk and Acme Harrow. 
W HICH do you think is the hotter 
harrow to buy, a disk or an Acme, 
for all farm work, considering the 
price of each? The farm here is a clay 
soil and somewhat wet. Where do you 
advise putting manure, plow it under or 
to top-dress. w. M. ii. 
Clymer, N. Y. 
Yon cannot easily compare the disk 
and the Acme. The work they do is en¬ 
tirely distinct. The disk digs or chops 
the soil and tumbles it over, while the 
Acme does not dig at all, but works the 
surface—smashing the clods or lumps 
and slicing and smoothing the surface 
soil. Put your hand into the sand edge 
down and work it sidewise, scraping or 
throwing the sand away and you have 
something of the work of a disk. Put 
your hand down flat and pull it along 
with the fingers spread out and you have 
the Acme work. The disk is for digging, 
the Acme for smoothing and fitting. Gen¬ 
erally speaking we prefer to plow ordi¬ 
nary manure under. If the manure is 
very fine and well rotted it may be 
spread after plowing and harrowed in. 
Usually it is better to plow it under. 
A Plan for Drying Potatoes. 
C AN you find out if the following pro¬ 
cess has been tried, to make a dry 
food product out of potatoes, and the 
results obtained? Potatoes peeled, placed 
in steam-tight retort and heated with 
steam to about 100 pounds pressure, more 
or less until cooked. Steam exhausted 
and retort connected to vacuum pump 
and further exhausted under vacuum un¬ 
til all moisture is removed from the po¬ 
tatoes by evaporation caused by the heat 
of the steam under pressure. Any in¬ 
formation you can give about such a pro¬ 
duct, keeping quality, etc., will be ap¬ 
preciated. E. s. A. 
Le Roy, Mich. 
R. N.-Y.—About all we can do with 
this is to call for experience or opinion. 
Some one may have tried this method, 
but we think most methods of drying po¬ 
tatoes deal with the raw tuber in some 
way—not with cooked potatoes. It is a 
big subject just now. \Ve want to know 
all about it. 
Statistics of Peach Trees. 
T HE U. S. Department of Agriculture 
has issued Farmers’ Bulletin No. 
631. This is an excellent account of 
peach growing, taking up the subject of 
proper situatiob, propagation and tillage. 
It is a very good study of an important 
industry. Among other things we find a 
table of interesting statistics about 
poaches. It appears that there were in 
11)10 in the entire country 94,500,657 
bearing peach 
trees. 
trees, and 
43,256,243 
State. 
Bearing. 
Non-bearing. 
Georgia . 
. 10,609.119 
1,731,367 
Texas . 
. 9,737,827 
2,958,813 
California .... 
. 7.829,011 
4.409,562 
Arkansas . .. . 
. 6.859,962 
2,884,927 
Missouri . 
. 6,588,034 
1,404,429 
Kansas ...... 
. 4,394,894 
620,709 
Ohio . 
. 3,133,368 
2.092,300 
Michigan .... 
. 2.907.170 
2,991,090 
Tennessee ... . 
. 3.163,737 
1,190,727 
Alabama . 
. 3,177,331 
838,866 
In 1900 there were 99,916,598 bearing 
peach trees in the country, which shows a 
loss in the 10 years of about five and a 
half million. This loss was heavier in 
Ohio, Michigan, Maryland and Pennsyl¬ 
vania, while such States as Georgia, Ar¬ 
kansas, Texas and the South in general 
made large gains. New York had about 
the same number of trees in 1910 that it 
had 10 years before, while New Jersey 
lost something like half a million. Both 
these States, however, are now coming 
back rapidly, as the figures show a large 
number of young trees which have not 
come into bearing. Maryland has shown 
a steady loss of trees in the last 20 years. 
In 1S90 the State had 6,113,287 bearing 
peach trees, while 20 years later, in 1910, 
there were 1.497,724. California, Wash¬ 
ington and Oregon are making heavy 
gains, as there are in the three States 
nearly six million young trees which have 
not yet fruited. According to these fig¬ 
ures it would seem as if the bulk of peach 
growing is working through the South, or 
iuto the warmer sections of the country, 
and this is probably partly due to the 
fact that increased transportation facili¬ 
ties make it easier to ship and handle the 
peaches. Out of the 48 States iu the 
Union 39 may be said to raise peaches 
commercially. In the other 11 the in¬ 
dustry is limited apparently to the work 
of amateurs. For exampre, only 90 bear¬ 
ing trees were reported from North Da¬ 
kota, 46 from Wyoming, about 1,500 from 
Minnesota, 1,800 from South Dakota, and 
about 4,000 from Wisconsin. 
$1,000 a Car for Early Apples 
That’s wliat a carload of Yellow Transparent Apples brought J. G. 
Schlotter, Hancock, Md., last fall. Harrison trees, of course. 
A thousand Harrison trees, Baldwin. Stayman, Jonathan, M. B. Twig, 
McIntosh, R. I. Greening or Grimes Golden, say ten acres of orchard, will 
load car after car each year, with this high-profit fruit. 
Harrisons’ Nurseries Grow the Trees They Sell 
Bere in Berlin we have soil that puts wonderful root sys¬ 
tems on the young trees, and makes the trunks grow thick, 
straight and smooth. You ought to see our Baldwin. 
Stayman, Yellow Transparent, Mammoth Black Twig, 
Winesap, and McIntosh Apple trees, Our Berlin-grown 
Apple, Peach and Pear trees are acknowledged by or- 
chardists who know, to be big, straight, strong growers, 
and extra good bearers. 
Our Big New Catalogue Free 
Tells how you can become independent by planting 1,000 
trees, and how we help orchardists to select the right 
trees for their location. Sent free on request to any 
one, but we wish you would tell us how many and 
wliat kinds of trees you would like to plant. 
Harrisons’ Nurseries 
Box 594 
Largest Growers of Fruit Trees 
in the World 
Berlin, Maryland 
Guaranteed Sturdy and True tu dame 
in all the best varieties, sold direct to you at growers’ prices. 
You can have perfect confidence that you ate getting varietlea that are trne to name. Stock 
that ia healthy, sturdy and of perfect grade when you buy from us. 35 yeara’ of aucceaaful nursery 
culture it* hack of every Kelly Tree. Kach of the five Kelly Brothers gives one department hit un¬ 
divided attention so we know the history of every tree we bell. Our Wbolenale Catalog tells all 
about our stock and quotex our low prices. You can order from the Catalog just as if yon came hi 
person to our office in Daimville. Write for your Catalog; today* 
KELLY BROS., Wholesale Nurseries, 352 Main St., Dansvill*, N. V. 
You'll never regret planting Kelly Trees, 
Largest general nursery in America. 
Established^ for 61 years. Choicest 
seeds, bulbs, plants, shrubs and trees. 
Sixty acres of home-grown roses. 1 
Free catalog. Safe arrival and satis¬ 
faction guaranteed. (96) 
The Storrs & Harrison Co. 
Nurserymen, Florists and Seedsmen 
Box 562, Painesville, Ohio 
Banker’s Trial Collection— acquaintId 
100 Fruit Trees, Berry Bushes and Grape 
Vines, $5; 20 No. 1 2-yr. Apple Trees, 4 Bald¬ 
win, 2 Banana; 2 No. Spy, 2 R. I. Greening, 2 
Red Astraehan, 2 York Imperial, 2 B. Ben Davis, 
2 N. W. Greening, 2 Stark; 10 Pear Trees No. 
1 2-yr.; 2 Bartlett, 3 An-jou, 5 Kieffer; 1 Me¬ 
dium Size Elberta Peach, 1 Medium Size Ea. 
Crawford, 1 Medium Size Montmorency Cherry; 
1 No. 1 2-yr. Crab Apple, 1 No. 1 2-yr. Burbank 
Plum; 10 Grape Vines, 1 yr., 5 Concord', 5 Ni¬ 
agara; 25 Blackberry, largest grade; 25 St. 
Regis Red Raspberry; 5 Perfection Currants. 
This offer good only to March 1. 
D. G. BANKER, DANSVILLE. N. Y. 
Fruit Trees and 
Small Fruits 
Amateurs may be led astray by glowing 
descriptions of new offerings. We grow 
stock especially 
FOR FRUIT GROWERS 
who want nothing but the best, and that 
which will bring them good, sure returns. 
We aim to DRAW a few NEW cus¬ 
tomers each year, and HOLD every one 
of them—not by low prices or extravagant 
promises, but by high quality and reli¬ 
ability. 
ORNAMENTAL STOCK 
at reasonable prices. All stock is described 
and priced in our new catalogue, FREE. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstowo, New Jersey 
How To 
'.Plant 
Fruit 
Trees 
Plant for quick, sturdy growth —that 
later will mean bumper crops of large, 
attractive frolt. We've been growing 
apple, peach, pear and other fruit trees 
for 25 years —and we’ll tell 
you how to do it —free. Our 
book, "How to Plant Trees and 
Plants” covers the subject 
thoroughly. It shows bow to 
plant—by methods which are 
necessary to develop trees to 
the fullest vigor and produc¬ 
tiveness. Our 1915 Fruit Book 
lists our entire line of guaran¬ 
teed true-to-name, hardy and 
well rooted fruitand ornamen¬ 
tal nursery stock. Both books 
are (highly Instructive. Both 
are free. Write for your copies today. 
The Barnes Bros. Nursery Co. 
Box 8 Yalecvillo, Conn. 
!APPLE TREES, 
I DIRECT TO YOU FOR> 
. SPECIAL OFFER—Your choice of the standard 
kinds—Baldwin, Spy, McIntosh, Yellow Transpar-| 
ent, Stayman, Romo—ten of any one kind sent any¬ 
where in the United States for $1. Can furnish 
larger trees, if desired, at little higher prices. 
Fraser’s Tree Book shows what varieties are 
suitable for your seotion. Send now for a free copy— 
don't buy trees until you got it. 
8AMDEL FRASER, 136 Main St., Geneseo, N.Y. 
DWARF 
TREES 
APPLE 
PEAR 
PLUM 
CHERRY 
PEACH 
THEY BEAR LIKE THIS 
Our FREE CATALOGUE tells 
you all about them. Write for it. 
The Van Dusen Nurseries 
lloxT, Geneva, N. Y. 
1878 Grown Right. Handled Rqiht 1915 
8,000.000 fruit trees, 4c each and up: 6.000.000 
.mall fruits, thousands of rosea, clirobinarvineo. 
hedge plants, ornamental trees and shrubs, gt 
lowest priced. WRITE FOR FREE ILLUS¬ 
TRATED CATALOG TODAY. 
KIHGBR0THERS NURSERIES, YOak St 
Damvllle, N. Y. "it'a cheapest to buy the beet" 
ears 
7 
OCA AAA Finn Grown Apple Trees. 2-yen 
aSVyVVV oid a to 7 ft., 10 cents each; 5 to 6 ft., 
cents; 4 to 5 ft., 5 cents. Thousands of peaches, 
plums, cherries, quinces, pears and a general line 
of small fruits and ornamental sum »i>ut 
are right. Finn’s Trees have s 
Order from the man who has grow 
for 23 years, and save agent s com 
for free catalogue. JOHN W. 1 
sale Nurseries, Dausville, N. Y. _ 
FRUIT TREES 
Peach, Apple, Pear, Cherry, Plum, Grape Vines, small fruit plants, 
ornamental trees and shrubs, and rotes. Vi 
the famous Lake Shore region of northern 
T. B. WEST, MAPLE BEND NURSERY, PERRY, OHIO. 
IHI 
igorous hardy stock from 
Ohio. Send for catalog. 
Lock Box 110. 
More than 25 years our DEPENDABLE TREES have been offered through this paper. The largest 
growers in this and other states vouch for their superior qualities and values. No misleading 
promises or FAKE WHOLESALE PRICES. Our aim as always QUALITY FIRST and DOLLAR FOR DOLLAR 
in values. Buy direct.—save agents’ profits, useless handling, and exposure. Our customers 
verify our “TRUE TO LABEL” claims. Ask for our catalog. 
Estab. 1847 H. S. WILEY & SON, Box B, Cayuga, New York 
Here are some 1915 prices on Maloney Quality Stock.—It will pay every fruit grower 
to write today for our Big Wholesale Catalogue and get complete information. 
Apple 2-year, 6 to 7 feet, $12.75 per 100; 5 to 6 feet, $10.00 per 100; 4 to 6 feet. $7.00 
100; 1-year 4 to 6 feet, $9.76 per 100. 1-Year Peach, 5 to 6 feet, $10.00 per 100; 4 to 5 
$7.75 per 100; 3 to 4 feet, $5.00 per 100. 
For cash discount on orders, received before March 25, see Catalogue. 
We recognize our responsibility to the fruit grower and guarantee every tree—look up 
our rating. MALONEY BROS. 5 WELLS C0. a Box 70, Dansville, N.Y., Dxnsville's Pioneer Wholesale Nurseries 
