1915. 
N. Y. FRUIT GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION. 
THK RUKAL NBW-VORKER 
211 
Part II. 
Transportation and Inspection.— 
The Committee on Transportation re¬ 
ported better train service the past year, 
for fruit, and recommended an amend¬ 
ment of the “full crew” law's so railroads 
can be operated more economically. 
Quicker schedules are needed for perish¬ 
able fruits and truck. Mr. Atwood of 
the Department of Agriculture in place 
of Commissioner Iluson on last year’s 
work of New York State Department of 
Agriculture, said that 10.000 acres of 
nursery stock were inspected. This work 
covers 140,000,000 trees, etc. All nursery 
stock that has come into the State has 
been inspected. Protection of the grow¬ 
ers of potatoes has called for inspection 
of foreign potatoes, to prevent importa¬ 
tion of potato scab. The motion was 
carried that the President-elect of the 
New York State Fruit Growers’ Associa¬ 
tion appoint a committee of five with 
Mr. Morrell as chairman, to work with 
the legislative committee in amending the 
New York State apple grading and pack¬ 
ing law. 
Ideal Fruit Farming. —Prof. G. F. 
Warren of Cornell University, on “Di¬ 
versified Farming” said that the ideal 
for a fruit farm is one that will main¬ 
tain itself, and make a living for the 
owner, from general crops, outside of 
fruit; then in a poor fruit year there 
is no shortage of livable income. There 
seems to be danger of carrying special¬ 
ized fruit farming too far, neglecting 
branches of diversified farming. Timothy 
hay seems to fit in well on the apple 
farm. Wheat and beans also come in 
just right and provide work when time 
is not needed for fruit. Cabbages and 
potatoes have their place in distributing 
work evenly during the season, although 
potatoes and apple harvest may conflict. 
Poultry may be well considered, although 
chicken raising might conflict with 
Spring spraying. Some oats are desirable, 
as they save grain bill for horses, and 
the surplus is readily .sold. Again, the 
even distribution of horse labor should 
be considered in planning diversified 
farming, so as not to greatly over-work 
them at one time. Grape grow'ers have 
suffered by growing grapes only, for they 
have not had uniform crops. The same 
is true of peach growing. Some years 
they might pay an income tax, another 
year they might need a pension. Di¬ 
versity helps to even up contrasts. Per¬ 
haps the best of all is to combine dairy¬ 
ing with fruit farming. A record of 
instances shows that the fruit growers 
who have practiced diversified farming 
have received the highest labor income. 
When land goes above $500 per acre it 
is worth too much for diversified farm¬ 
ing. Feeding sheep is to be considered 
when the farm can raise all the roughage 
for them. 
Entomology. —Report of the commit¬ 
tee on entomology by E. P. Felt, stated 
that there is nothing which would justify 
cessation of spraying with a lime-sulphur 
wash or similar material for control of 
San Jose scale, since the incidental 
benefits of themselves are sufficient to 
more than cover the cost of the treat¬ 
ment. The early leaf-feeders, particularly 
the bud-moth, the case-bearers, the green 
fruit-worms and the leaf-roller deserve 
passing mention, since they are fre¬ 
quently abundant, and owing to their 
habit of feeding in buds or upon the 
foliage w’hile the latter is still small, the 
destruction is out of all propertion to the 
amount of vegetation devoured. Orchards 
badly infested by any of these pests 
should receive early application of arsen¬ 
ate of lead just as the buds are breaking, 
in order to destroy as many of the cater¬ 
pillars as practical before they can work 
into the buds and thus, for a time, be 
inaccessible to poison applications. In¬ 
sects injuring the fruit are among the 
most destructive enemies of the orchard. 
The most prominent of these is the Codl¬ 
ing moth. The one important spraying, 
as has been repeatedly pointed out in 
preceding seasons, is the poisoned ap¬ 
plication after the petals have fallen, 
and before the green calyx lobes have 
closed and thus rendered impossible plac¬ 
ing the poison where the young cater¬ 
pillars must eat it as they attempt to 
enter the fruit. The apple maggot, also 
known as the “railroad worm,” is con¬ 
trolled by allowing no fruit to decay on 
the ground. Dr. Felt advocates collect¬ 
ing and destroying the earliest and 
softest Summer fruit twice a week. The 
most successful treatment for red-bugs 
is early and thorough spraying with a 
tobacco preparation, such as Black Leaf 
40, used at the rate of three-fourths of 
a pint to one hundred gallons of water. 
This may be applied as a separate spray 
to which five or six pounds of soap are 
added to increase the spreading proper¬ 
ties or it may be put into their the usual 
lime-sulphur San Jose scale or Codling 
moth sprays. If the last is done, it is 
advisable to delay the Winter application 
for San Jose scale as late as possible 
in order to catch the young bugs just 
hatching before the blossoms break from 
the bud, and then spray for the Codling 
moth just as soon as practical after the 
blossoms fall. 
Prof. Wheeler of Boston, Mass., read 
a long paper on cover crops. He spoke 
of the protective influence of one crop 
on another. Liming is essential to suc¬ 
cess, especially in protein cover crops, 
as clover, vetch, etc., which best feed 
the orchard. The litmus paper test is 
useful to know whether there is sufficient 
lime for such crops. We should not rely 
on a single test. On the question of grow¬ 
ing Alfalfa he warned people against 
bringing in soil from another farm to 
inoculate it, as one may bring weed 
seeds. Sweet clover has its value as a 
cover crop. Crimson clover is of special 
value as a cover crop in corn, as it makes 
a quick growth, and even if sometimes 
winter-killed, it is worth sowing. Inocu¬ 
lation has largely increased the yield of 
vetch, although a fair crop might be 
obtained without it. Vetch and field peas 
may be a good combination for orchard 
cover crops, but vetch and rye will both 
live through the Winter, which may be 
desirable. The combined crop is better 
plowed in than vetch alone. Hairy vetch 
is the best general cover crop to sow in 
corn in all parts of the country. Cow- 
horn turnips added to vetch and rye com¬ 
bination may make it still better, as the 
turnips may take up nitrates. 
Questions Answered. —Prof. Parrott 
advised sending for Cornell bulletin on 
“Leaf-Roller” for best information on 
control of leaf-roller. To control pear 
blight, look over orchard every week and 
cut out diseased branches; disinfect with 
corrosive sublimate. Seeding down the 
orchard will - help, but not prevent blight. 
Prof. Parrott said he preferred early 
Spring spraying with lime-sulphur wash 
for San Jose scale. Collar rot can be 
quite successfully treated with gas tar. 
when it first starts. One member thought 
banking up trees in Fall prevents it, 
which was corroborated by B. J. Case. 
Woolly aphis. Prof. Parrott said, can be 
controlled with oil sprays. One member 
said he had good success with soluble 
sulphur compound, as a dormant spray 
for scale, but saw little result as a Sum¬ 
mer spray. Another member said he 
used it dormant for curl-leaf in peach, 
with good effects. Mr. Mitchell said he 
had fed eight quarts of apples twice a 
day to horses and three quarts of grain 
to horses in Winter, that do little work, 
and they kept in good condition. Mr. 
Morrell said that in thinning apples the 
vitality of the tree will not be exhausted 
in one year, and the tree may be made 
an annual bearer; thin to three to four 
inches. Prof. Hedrick said it is not worth 
while to scrape old bark off apple trees. 
Mr. Morrell said the best quince is the 
Orange for Hudson River Valley. Mr. 
Hedrick said he would not be to the ex¬ 
pense of removing drop apples but would 
plow them under and cultivate the or¬ 
chard. Mr. Morrell said it will pay to 
pack strictly fancy apples in boxes, if 
you can pack as well as professional 
Western packers. Mr. VanBureu said 
he had controlled pear blight on young 
trees by thorough cutting, but all sources 
of infection are removed. Go over the 
orchard once a week, cut well below the 
blight, and disinfect with corrosive subli¬ 
mate solution, and you can prevent its 
development. Body blight necessitates 
the removal of the whole tree. Pear 
planting is not being overdone. It takes 
a good man to raise pears. ' w. ii. j. 
Burning Brush. 
I HAVE just been reading the “Hope 
Farm Notes,” and I want to speak 
quickly, before it is too late, and say 
don’t burn that brush from the four- 
acx-e lot. If you burn it you have a 
very small amount of potash left, and 
that is all you get from it. If you have 
a good place to pile it up dump it all 
in a pile and let it lie for two or three 
years, tramping it down occasionally 
after the first year, and when it begins 
to get brittle fork it over now and then, 
and almost before you know it you will 
have several loads of stuff that will 
make land which is deficient in humus 
laugh right out loud. I never burn any 
of my apple tree trimmings or brush of 
any kind. I either pile it in some out- 
of-the-way place and let it rot down, or 
fill it into some sag that I wish to fill 
up, and after it has partly rotted cover 
it over with soil and grow crops over it. 
I find there is humus away down deep 
there for many years, and the roots of 
crops find it, trees especially. I had one 
apple tree which I set seven years ago 
in a sag, dumping in one or two loads 
of dirt and making a mound two or 
three feet high upon the top of which I 
set the tree. Every year since I have 
dumped brush and rubbish, with occas¬ 
ionally a load of dirt to bind it. and the 
tree is to-day more than five inches in 
diameter, and had about two bushels of 
very nice apples on it last year. Forty- 
two feet from it—the distance apart I 
plant my standard trees—I set another 
tree of. the same variety in the natural 
soil, and it has had very good care, but 
is now only about 2 1 /j inches in diameter, 
and has never had an apple on it yet. 
So I say don’t burn the brush. 
Connecticut. z. c. bowen. 
R. N.-Y.—A brush pile in our country 
becomes a great nest and breeding place 
for all kinds of vermin, and a menace in 
time of fire. 
Of course little Ruth should have been 
able to answer more precisely when the 
teacher asked her to describe a frog. 
But she gave a description that at least 
is picturesque when she replied ; “A frog, 
teacher, is a big green bug with warts 
all over it. And it keeps its mouth open 
all the time, and—and-—it’s always sit¬ 
ting dow'n behind and standing up in 
front.”—Public Lodger. 
“Genuine J. H. Hale 
Peach Trees, budded 
from my bearing 
orchards can be ob¬ 
tained O N LY from 
William P. Stark 
Nurseries, Stark City, 
Mo/* 
V ; 
. __ 
J. H. Hale Peaches 
Bring 30 % to 50 % More 
Than Best Elbert&s 
But to get these J. H. Hale profits, be sure you plant 
GENUINE J. H. Hale trees, grown from buds cut by 
Mr. Hale himself from his heaviest bearing trees. 
From his Connecticut orchards, Mr. Hale received $2.50 per crate for 
his J. H. Hale peaches, when fancy Elbertas from the same orchard 
brought but $1.25—or twice as much for the J. H. Hales. From his 
Georgia orchards his J. H. Hale peaches this year paid him 33% more 
profit than his Elbertas. Let the other fellow plant the low-profit El¬ 
bertas and other varieties. You be first in your section with the big 
money-maker—the J. H. Hale. We furnish you genuine J. H. Hale trees 
propagated from Mr. Hale’s bearing orchards—the kind of trees, and the 
only kind, Mr. Hale himself plants. None other genuine. 
The “Million Dollar” Peach 
averages 1/3 to Vi larger than Elberta, better 
flavor; brilliant crimson blush; golden yellow 
flesh; firm as a ellng yet perfect freestone; 
almost fuzzless like an apricot; hardy: late 
bloomers; ships almost like apples. 
Refuse Fraudulent Trees ! 
The wonderful success of the J. H. Hale 
has naturally brought a host of imitators. 
Worthless varieties are being substituted. Be 
on your guard. Mr. Hale has appointed us 
sole distributors, and no one else can furnish 
you genuine J. H. Hale trees burlVted from 
Mr. Hale’s bearing orchards. This tag for 
your protection on all genuine J. H. Hale trees. 
What Experts Say 
“More fruit to the cubic inch than anything 
I ever saw on a peach tree.”—Prof. F. C. 
Sears, Mass. “Almost firm enough to ship 
in barrels like apples.”—Fruit Trade Jour¬ 
nal. “In all particulars of fruit superior to 
Elberta.”—Prof. Frank A. Waugh, Mass. 
Agr. Coll. “Larger, more beautiful and 
better shipper than Elberta.”—Prof. U. P. 
Hedrick. New York Agr. Experiment Sta. 
All Profitable Varieties 
Strongestrrooted, hardy, Stark-Ozark- 
grown Delicious, Staymnn, Baldwin, ami 
other good apple trees; Early Elberta and 
all best peaches; Endicott plum, pears, apri¬ 
cots, cherries, quince, grape, blackberries, 
raspberries, currants, gooseberries, roses, 
ornamentals, asparagus, etc. 
Strawberries—Over 30 varieties. 7,000,000 
plants. 
No Agents—Save %—1915 Tree Book FREE 
We have no agents, no plate-book men, no canvassers. Our catalog is our only sales¬ 
man. Lowest, dlreet-from-nursery prices. Safe arrival guaranteed to all parts of the 
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book NOW. 
Prof. IT. P. Hedrick. N. Y. Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y., whose 
wonderful books, “The Fruits of New York.” make him an authority, says: “Your new 
1915 catalog sets a high-water mark in catalog making among American Nurserymen. I 
am glad to imve been helpful in securing this result.” 
William P. Stark’s new 1915 book lists and fully describes all select, proved, profitable 
varieties, gives season and time of ripening, tells habits of growth, age of bearing, good 
qualities and weak points, best money-makers. Profusely illustrated with photographs. 
Mailed free. 
William P. Stark Nurseries 
Box 265 Stark City, Missouri 
WILLIAM P. STARK NURSERIES, Box 265, Stark City, Missouri 
Please mail me your 132-page catalog. I am interested in 
□ J. H. Hale Peach □ Delicious Apple □ Strawberries 
□ Apples □ Pears □ Cherries □ Roses No Strawberry 
□ Peaches □ Plums □ Bush Fruits □ Ornamentals . t Plant. Desired 
.Approximate Number of Trees Desired. 
Name... 
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