19X5. 
THE KURAb NKW-YOKK.bR 
223 
Ruralisms 
Llouse Ferns; Hedge Plants; Canada Peas. 
C AN you tell me what ails our 
ferns in the house? The ends 
of the leaves dry up and die. 
The plants put out plenty of young 
shoots, but they only grow about one 
foot high, then the ends die and some 
of the side leaves. 2. Can you tell me 
the best hedge to plant, also will the cat¬ 
tle eat it off? I want one nearly ever¬ 
green, like California privet. 3. Will 
Canada peas grow well on medium wet 
low ground? J. H. M. 
Mountaindale, Pa. 
1. The condition of your fern may be 
due to extreme dryness of the atmosphere, 
or to excessive moisture at the roots, or 
a combination of both conditions may 
be responsible for it. In the absence of 
exact knowledge of the conditions under 
which the plant is growing it is not an 
easy matter to always diagnose the 
trouble. In most cases of this kind the 
cause may be pretty safely ascribed to 
a diseased condition of the root system, 
caused by water surrounding the root 
extremities, either from imperfect drain¬ 
age or water standing in the saucer in 
which the pot stands, most usually the 
latter. Ferns like a moist atmosphere 
and damp surroundings, such as are 
found in their natural surroundings in 
the woods, but in all such places the 
natural drainage of the soil is good. 
Water never stands around the roots for 
any length of time. The nearer their 
natural environments are approached in 
house culture the better the chance of 
success. The natural dryness of the 
atmosphere in living rooms can in a 
great measure be overcome by keeping 
water on the stove or radiators. The 
constant evaporation will greatly modify 
the dryness of the air, to the benefit of 
the plants. When several plants are 
under culture, it is an excellent plan to 
have a zinc pan made the size of the 
table, into which put a couple of inches 
of moss or coarse sand, upon which to 
set the plants. This material can be kept 
quite wet, and thus provide for constant 
evaporation among the plants. The pan 
and table should have a one-inch auger 
hole bored in the center to draw off ex¬ 
cess water. A small pail may be hung 
on a hook under the hole to catch the 
drip. Showering of ferns is not com¬ 
mendable, while some sorts are not 
injured by so doing, others are decidedly 
resentful of such treatment. When it 
seems necessary to apply water directly 
to the foliage, it should be done with a 
fine and gentle spray and only moder¬ 
ately at each application. The plants 
must not be kept in the sun; they are a 
shade-loving family and very quickly 
show the bad effects of direct sunlight. 
Drainage is of the utmost importance 
and unless the drainage is good there is 
always danger of the soil becoming sour, 
which almost invariably brings on con¬ 
stitutional weakness and a diseased root 
system. If proper drainage is provided 
the soil will never retain more water 
than it requires. The plants will also 
suffer if allowed to become dry at the 
roots. On account of the spongy nature 
of the soil that ferns are usually grown 
in the evaporation of moisture is quite 
rapid in a warm room, and if a careful 
watch is not kept, and water applied at 
the right time the plants may suffer 
damage from drought. 
2. There is no better general purpose 
3 hedge plant than California privet. It 
forms a hedge quickly; its foliage is so 
abundant that it will produce a wall of 
the deepest green. It can almost be 
called an evergreen, as it does not shed 
its foliage until quite late in the Winter 
in exposed positions, while in sheltered 
spots it frequently retains its foliage 
until Spring. It has many good points 
to recommend it. It is very hardy, will 
grow almost everywhere and in almost 
any kind of soil; is easily and quickly 
pruned, can be kept down to any height 
desired, or one can let it grow where a 
screen is required to a height of 15 to 
20 feet. It is the least expensive to 
establish of all hedge plants, and is the 
most durable. Farm animals will not eat 
it, except under stress of starving for 
something green. I have never know it to 
be eaten by horses or cattle if they could 
get grass or any other green food to eat. 
Hemlock, American and Siberian arbor- 
vitfe, also Norway spruce, are much used 
for hedges, the latter mostly for screens, 
but are of much slower growth and much 
more expensive to establish. 
3. Over-wet soils are wholly unsuited 
to the growth of Canada field peas, but 
on moderately wet soils they may suc¬ 
ceed, much depending upon the amount 
of rainfall during the growing season. 
If the rainfall should be excessive the 
chances of success would be doubtful, if 
not entirely eliminated. On the other 
hand if the rainfall should be somewhat 
below normal I have no doubt the crop 
would be a success. Canada field peas 
are grown successfully on quite a variety 
of soils, and in a wide range of territory. 
Clay loams that are fairly well supplied 
with lime, naturally or applied, are best 
suited to their growth. With proper pre¬ 
paration of the soil good crops may be 
grown on the heaviest clays. From lack 
of sufficient moisture they make the 
poorest growth on light sandy soils. The 
seed should be sown as early in the 
Spring as the ground can be prepared, on 
rather stiff soil. The seed should be sown 
broadcast after plowing at the rate of 
two to 2 y 2 bushels to the acre, and har¬ 
rowed in. k. 
Rhubarb Seedlings Unreliable. 
R HUBARB is so easily grown from 
seed that I regret very much to see 
largely this method is increasing. It 
can be grown very cheaply, and this 
seems an incentive to many. They grow 
it from seed of the regular varieties and 
sell it as Linnaeus, Victoria, or whatever 
variety the seed is taken from, but after 
a thorough trial, I know that all rhu¬ 
barb grown from seed, no matter from 
what variety, is perfectly unreliable and 
largely worthless, especially for the mar¬ 
ket grower. In several thousand seed¬ 
lings I grew I could not find one any¬ 
where near its parent type. Some years 
ago I was attracted by the very low 
price of a lot of large rhubarb roots of¬ 
fered by a large and responsible nursery, 
and not giving the matter a thought that 
it was a lot of seedlings I purchased 
1000 roots. They were large and fine. I 
set out a lot and gave them good care 
and soil, but they were perfectly worth¬ 
less. The stalks were short, small and 
inferior in every respect. I grew but 
one lot of seedlings, sold part as seedlings 
and destroyed the remainder after finding 
out that they were worthless. There is 
nothing I know of that is less reliable 
and more perfectly worthless than rhu¬ 
barb seedlings. Be sure you get divided 
roots from reliable varieties. 
New Jersey. Charles black. 
Painting Tree Stubs. 
1 IIAVE been dishorning some large 
trees in my apple orchard, and saw¬ 
ing off large limbs that were broken 
down by the ice storm. When would be 
the best time to paint these saw cuts, 
this Winter or in the Spring, when it 
gets warmer, or wait until a hot spell in 
May just before the sprouts start? What 
kind of paint is best to use, mineral 
or white lead, with the best linseed oil. 
New Jersey. l. d. w. 
We should paint the stubs at once. 
Use pure white lead and oil. Some of the 
prepared paints have injured trees when 
put on such wounds. 
Barber : “Hair pretty thin, sir. Been 
that way long?” Man in Chair: “Long? 
I was born that way. It is true that 
subsequently I enjoyed a period of hir¬ 
sute efflorescence, but it did not endure.” 
—Boston Transcript. 
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/‘Sprayed Nine Years Without a Mishap ’j 
% 
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i Atlanta 
ills 
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