THE KURAL NEW-YORKER 
235 
1010. 
NEW JERSEY AGRICULTURE. 
(4'T'IIERE are more than a million 
J. acres of land agriculturally unde¬ 
veloped in New Jersey,” was a 
statement by Secretary Franklin Dye, of 
the State Board of Agriculture. In his 
opinion, the State government should 
take action toward opening the pine belt, 
which is suitable for horticultural and 
other purposes. The opening day of the 
meeting of the Board of Agriculture, be¬ 
ginning January 27, President Freling- 
huysen told how greater efficiency 
might be brought about in agricul¬ 
ture. _ ‘‘The Economy and Efficiency 
Commission has indicated a desire for di¬ 
rector and advisory board,” he said. The 
following are the conceived needs of this 
board: A bureau of land information 
and better credits, The Board of Agricul¬ 
ture should go out of existence, a new 
office to be known as the secretary of the 
State Board of Agriculture should be es¬ 
tablished, salary, $5,000; an assistant 
secretary be appointed , salary $3,500; 
there should be a second assistant secre¬ 
tary, salary $3,000; a third assistant to 
be known as secretary of animal industry, 
salary $2,500 a year, and a fourth assist¬ 
ant, as secretary of forestry. The State 
Board of Agriculture should consist of 
12 active members, and four members at 
large, selected without reference to any 
political party. That the new plan is 
radical was the opinion of a number, and 
after vigorous discussion it went to the 
committees, and was rejected. 
The Department of Agriculture is do¬ 
ing valuable work classifying seed pota¬ 
toes;- as told by Prof. William Stuart. 
A classification of varieties is being con¬ 
ducted based on appearance, size, color, 
adaptability to conditions and other char¬ 
acteristics. Dr. Ileadlee told of experi¬ 
ments which were in progress in New 
Jersey in the wav of spraying. 
“New Jersey has greater cows than the 
rest of the world,” Dr. J. C. Sharpe de¬ 
clared. Dr. Sharpe reported a list of 
wonderful New Jersey animals and rec¬ 
ords which had been produced, including 
the first 40-pound cow. “Select your 
breed,” he said. “You may have to be¬ 
gin with grades, but begin with the right 
kind of sire. Y’ou may not be able to buy 
a calf from a 30-pound dam. If you 
should try, the price would cause you to 
go home discouraged, but buy from a 
tested young cow with good breeding. See 
there is performance for generations back 
on the sire’s and dam’s side. The aver¬ 
age milch cow of the United States js pro¬ 
ducing .3,149 pounds, the New Jersey av¬ 
erage is 3,854 pounds, selling at four 
cents a quart returns $72.72. How 
much would it mean to the common¬ 
wealth of New Jersey if we would in¬ 
crease the production just one quart per 
cow? It. would mean over one and a 
half million dollars, for there are 140,- 
0()0 cows. Start with your best grades, 
mix in one or two good purebrods, and 
buy the best bull you can afford. 
Dean Hills, of the Vermont Agricul¬ 
tural College, said: “The cow-testing 
association is a valuable way of deter¬ 
mining the worth or the worthlessness of 
a cow. A woman in Denmark conceived 
the idea, Vermont leads in associations, 
followed by New York and Wisconsin. A 
drover boasted of buying the cream of 
one George Tyrell’s herd for the Brighton 
market. Mr. Tyrell said: ‘I know he 
hasn’t; he only has the skim-milk,’ which 
was shown by the cow-testing association. 
There is spread on the records of Hadley, 
Mass., in 1G5G, the fact that milk was so 
scarce that year,” said Professor Hills, 
“that babies had to be brought up on 
cider.” Since 1890 we have fed from 
one to four months each year apple pom¬ 
ace to our cows as part of the ration. It 
never hurt a cow if she is started easily 
on it, and it is three-fourths as good, 
pound for pound, as silage. We place it 
in a silo by itself or on a barn floor.” 
“There is less than one per cent of the 
material that is shipped from our farms 
which is standardized, and has a name,” 
said F. R. Stevens, of Geneva, N. Y. 
“An unstandardized article is incapable 
of successful salesmanship. A standard 
article, backed by salesmanship and ad¬ 
vertising, will find outlet even when the 
markets are glutted.” 
Dr. Headlee said: "In spite of the 
war shipments of nursery stock from 
Belgium are as large as or larger than 
normal. This may be due to that coun¬ 
try desiring to convert its available stock 
cash.” Dr. Headlee said insect at- 
t! must be scouted by trained men, 
*' attacks anticipated and pressure 
inougnt to bear in localities where the 
outbreak is to appear. 
Willard Minch and A. M. Seabrook 
gave interesting illustrated talks regard¬ 
ing farms operated by them. The Minch 
Brothers operate 1,000 acres, and have 
built up fertility of newly acquired farms 
very rapidly. “I believe a cover crop is 
nature’s best restorer,” said Mr. Minch. 
< >n one farm the average acre yield of 
shelled corn has increased in four years 
from 40 bushels to S4 bushels. Mr. 
.Minch said: “We used no manure; 
plowed under clover sod, used cover crops 
and 800 pounds of fertilizer to the acre. 
He told how potatoes are sacked 150 
pounds to the sack, 200 sacks to the car, 
with one or one-half or two pounds extra 
weight to each sack, and they have had 
comparatively no complaints regarding 
deficiencies in weights. Each sack bears 
their label, and the brand in itself is ad¬ 
vertising value largely responsible for in¬ 
creased direct sales from eight cars to 100 
<: - rs. The Seabrook farms have about 80 
acres under overhead irrigation. This 
system costs about $125 to $150 a pump¬ 
ing plant with maximum capacity of 
1.700 gallons a minute. All their crops 
have responded with remarkable yields 
to this system. “We are not situated 
near the railway,” said Mr. Seabrook. 
“We are 2*4 miles from the station, and 
in order to get best transportation ser¬ 
vice we must transport our outgoing 
freight 3% miles. We use an auto truck, 
which makes it possible to make the trip 
in an hour. We place our name on all 
our fancy products.” 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
‘square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
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Dairy size, $1; Veterinary size, $3. 
TROY CHEMICAL CO., 24 Commerce St., Binghamton, N.Y. 
CONNECTICUT DAIRYMEN. 
T IIE thirty-fourth annual meeting of 
the Connecticut Dairymen’s Associa¬ 
tion, held in Unity Hall, Hartford. 
Jan. 26-27-28th, was perhaps the record 
in the history of the association. Men 
were there, women were there, young men 
and young women and the veterans of 
both sexes; they came early and stayed 
to the end. Every moment of the three 
days’ sessions, including the banquet 
Wednesday evening, was full of enthusi¬ 
asm. The dairy cow and her admirers 
were in the open. Joe S. Wing from 
Ohio, Mrs. Rose Stephens of Hunting- 
ton, Ontario, Canada and Prof. C. G. 
Hopkins of Illinois held the attention and 
interest of everyone in the work they of¬ 
fered for the convention. “Alfalfa and 
the Dairy Cow” was Mr. Wing’s subject 
in the afternoon address. He believes 
the two are absolutely essential to each 
other if the men of Connecticut are to 
succeed in the dairy work. The cow, 
to^ do her best, must have protein foods. 
Why buy bran and Alfalfa far in the 
West and pav the heavy freights to New 
England when Alfalfa can be grown here 
as cheaply as in the West and as surely, 
and no freight to pay? To this end he 
told "how to grow it.” “Grow Alfalfa 
on any type of land not too wet. Essen¬ 
tials in culture as I have found them are, 
first, limestone ground, not caustic lime 
or hydrated lime, but just ground lime¬ 
stone. Second, manures turned under, 
barnyard, acid phosphate, basic slag or 
bone. How much limestone? Four to 
eight tons to the acre. Good plowing, 
even 1G inches deep at times is none too 
much ; inoculation by the glue method as 
described by Prof. Hopkins. Sow 15 
pounds Alfalfa seed and if you need a 
nurse rop, when you sow in early 
April as I urge, sow beardless Spring 
barley, one bushel to the acre. IIow get 
phosphorus? Sow basic slag one-half 
ton to a ton an acre; 500 pounds will 
give fair results. If basic slag cannot be 
had use ground bone instead. Then to 
seed sow broadcast and follow with a 
plank drag. After the Alfalfa appears 
and the barley, do nothing until the 
ground shoots appear on the Alfalfa. 
When they come and as soon after as 
possible cut the barley, then during the 
Summer if everything is right you may 
cut the Alfalfa, but don’t cut the late 
crop and don’t rotate Alfalfa. Take care 
of it and it will improve from year to 
year, 10 to 15 years or a lifetime. Keep 
off in Winter, but be sure now and then 
it has phosphorus and lime. Never put 
Alfalfa on sod ground, always prepare 
the ground carefully.” Questions from 
all quarters were asked, aud always an¬ 
swered out of the speaker’s marvellous 
experience. “Put Alfalfa in silo. It is all 
right for that; put it in mow, but always 
cover the whole mow as you build up, 
and so be sure you’ll never burn your 
barn with it. Don’t cut Alfalfa after 
September 1.” 
Airs. Rose Stephens spoke of her work 
with the dairy cow with real pleasure 
and pride. She is a firm believer in the 
best cows of any breed; always get the 
very best possible and she told how to 
seleet a cow, and then how to care for 
her to «? t results. Feed, the prime requi¬ 
site, all she will eat aud care for. Put 
her in a comfortable stable, well ventil¬ 
ated, a clean barn, and light, plenty of it. 
and feed her all she can eat in two hours, 
not a maintenance ration merely but 
more, to her full capacity. This is your 
only chance for profit. Silage is the 
grand dairy feed, but feed grain in com¬ 
bination ; if you want milk give her the 
feed milk is made of, and all the water 
she wants of course, and in Winter with 
the chill off'. Let the milker like his 
work. Let no poor or unwilling milker 
touch a good cow. Dairy work is hard 
work, but it is worth while. 
The association voted in favor of giv¬ 
ing the Commissioner of Domestic Ani¬ 
mals, power under the law to quarantine 
at once any herd suspected of “foot and 
mouth” or any other infectious disease. 
Dr. Cyril G. Hopkins gave some facts 
worth consideration. In the New Eng¬ 
land States farm lands in use had de¬ 
creased 879.000 acres in the last 30 
years. Considering the phosphorus and 
potash found in the average acre of land 
it seems clear that what lands need may 
be named as limestone, vegetable matter 
and phosphorus. “There may be a little 
moi a reason in New England farming 
for using potash than to follow fanning 
by signs of the moon, but I doubt it.” 
The professor seemingly was of the opin¬ 
ion that the important element New 
England needed in fertilization is phos¬ 
phorus and to this end the use of acid 
phosphate, bone and baJc slag were es¬ 
sential. Nitrogen could be obtained from 
the air. Potash was in all soils in abund¬ 
ance, but phosphorus was the keynote of 
success. The interest in the professor’s 
talk never lagged, and he was subject to 
a long and suggestive list of questions. 
c. P. i. 
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