252 
'1 HIE KUK..A.L, NE) W-YOR R KK 
February 20. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
I t. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
"square deal.' See guarantee editorial page. 
Once Grown Always Grown 
Maule’s Seeds 
Endorsed by more than 450,000 pro¬ 
gressive gardeners as the best ever 
Our new Seed Catalogue contains everything 
good In seeds, bulbs, small fruits and plants. 
7/S0 illustrations: 176 pages. Free to any one 
sending us a request for it. <S 'end, for it today. 
WM. HENRY MAULE, Inc. 
2172 Arch St Philadelphia, Pa. 
, Send 10 cents, mention this paper, we 
will enclose in the catalogue a packet of 
the above GIANT pansy. 
Trees, Shrubs, etc. S?*i» 
At Big Bargain prices—about half what agents 
charge you. Some surprising Combination Offers 
you should know about—at prices that will keep 
dollars in your pocket. 
Everything absolutely the finest fresh-dug stock, 
guaranteed true to name, state inspected for 
health. Not a dissatisfied customer last year. 
We Prepay Transportation On All Orders 
and guarantee delivery in good 
condition. Big stock of Apples, 
Cherries, Peaches, Pears, Shade 
and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, 
Small Fruits, etc. Our cata¬ 
logue is brimful of valuable 
information—send for a copy 
today—it’s free. 
WM. P. RUPERT & SON 
Box 20, Seneca, N. Y. 
Roses 
Trees, Shrub., 
Bulbs, etc., by 
mail, express 
or freight. 
Safe arrival 
and satisfac¬ 
tion guaran¬ 
teed. Every¬ 
thing you 
want for 
lawn, garden 
or orchard. 
1200 acres de¬ 
voted to growing stock, 60 in hardy roses alone. 
45 greenhouses. 61 years’ experience. 192-page 
Catalog Free. Write for it today. (87) 
THE STORRS& HARRISON CO. 
Box 563, Painesville, Ohio 
Seeds, Plants, 
Start right by buying 
Eberle’s seeds, bulbs or 
plants. They cannot fail to 
thrive under fair conditions. 
Our large and varied stock con- 
IT tains every variety worth growing. 
Eberte’s 1915 Seed Annual—Free 
This fully illustrated book is brimful of 
helpful information concerning the 
planting and eultivat ion of seeds, from 
largest farm to smallest garden. 
(jet your free copy — today. 
FREDERICK W. EBERLE 
116 S. Pearl St., Albany, N. Y. 
MILLIONS of TREES 
PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. 
The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in 
Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable 
I. E. ILGENFRITZ’ SONS CO. 
THE MONROE NURSERY, Monroe. Mich. 
VIGOROUS, HARDV TREES 
DELICIOUS APPLE (J. H. Hale), EARLY ELBERTA PEACHES 
Guaranteed as represented in every particular. 
APPLE, 2 and 3 yr. on whole imptd. roots. 
3?£ to 6 ft. - - ... $ 6.60 per 1 00 
PEACH, 2 yr. roots, l yr. tops, 
2 to 3 ft. $2.75 per 100 
All other prices equally low. Write for price list on 
complete line of General Nursery Stock. 
LAKESHORE NURSERIES, Box R.U, Girard, Pa. 
Our Leaders 
MONTANA ALFALFA 
Montana “Yellowstone” Dent Corn 
It is conceded that nothing excels seeds 
grown under our conditions. Our State is 
justly famed for its high quality seeds and 
particularly for the superiority of its 
Alfalfa seed. 
If interested send for samples with tests. 
STATE NURSERY CO. 
6th Ave. 
HELENA, : : MONTANA 
Wing’s Quality Seeds produce choicest vegetables 
and flowers. Grown with great care for 
those who appreciate quality. No mat¬ 
ter what you need, Garden, Held or 
Flower Seeds, we have them and offer 
I the best varieties grown. Wing's Golden 
Sugar Corn a new variety. Extra early, 
of good size, sweet and fine flavored. 
Fully described in our free catalog. 
WING SEED CO., Box 183 MECHANICS BURG, O- 
from 
Farmer to Farmer 
‘10til Century and Mortgage Lifter. We raised these 
oats and know all about them. Wo won’t exag¬ 
gerate their qualities. The truth is good enough. 
S5 cents per bu. f, o. b. Geneva. Sacks extra. For 
particulars address 
J. S. HATHORN, Rose Hill Farm, Geneva, N. Y. 
EEDLESS FIELD SEEDS 
a 
■ We are trying with all our might to furnish ab- 
■ solutely pure, Red, Alsike. Slam moth. Alfalfa, 
I Timothy, Sweet Clover, and all other field seeds, 
I with all blasted and immature grains removed. 
Write today for free samples and Instructions 
" How to Know Good Seed.” 
0. M. SCOTT A SON, 23 Main St., Marysville, Ohio 
SEEDS 
RELIABLE AND TRUE 
Prices Below All Others 
I will give a lot of new 
sorts free with every order I 
fill. Buy and test. Return if 
not O. K.—money refunded. 
Big Catalog FREE 
Over 700 illustrations of vege¬ 
tables and flowers. Send yours 
and your neighbors’ addresses. 
H, SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois 
PEES at HalfAgents Prices 
r 
' ■ 10 REACH—First Class - -FOR 60c 
■ m 3 to 4 Feet 
3 Klberta, 2 Champion, 2 I.ate Crawford, 
2 Crosby. 1 Greensboro. 
Send for our CERTIFIED GROWERS Free Catalog of a 
complete line of stock, and telling ali about THE 
CATALOG-MIDDLEMAN in the Nursery business. 
THE WM. J. REILLY NURSERIES, 22 Ossian St, DANSVILLE, N. Y. 
FRUIT TREES 
First-class, True to N-me, No Disease. We 
PAY FREIGHT OR EXPRESS to your Station 
and Guarantee Satisfaction. A full line of Nur¬ 
sery Stock, direct to planters, at much less than 
usual prices. WRITE AT ONCE for New Cat¬ 
alogue. 
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, 
Box 25, New Haven, Missouri. 
Fruit Book 
FREE 
Write once. Secure valuable informa¬ 
tion early. Gives all beat varieties: Ap¬ 
ple, Peach, Pear, Plum, Cherry. Quince, 
even Berries, Roses, Ornamentals: 
SOLD DIRECT FROM NURSERY. 
Highest quality, healthy, hardy, guaranteed true to 
name. Secure your choice now — pay in Spring. 
Special price* on your list, freight paid. 
DENTON, WILLIAMS A: DENTON 
Wholesale Nurseries 177 Elm St*, DANSVILLE, N. Y* 
Hill's Evergreens Grow 
All hardy stock—twice trans^ 
planted—root pruned. Pro¬ 
tect buildings, stock, crops. 
Hill’s Evergreen Book, illustra-1 
L ted in colors, Free. Write today./ 
> D. Hill Nursery Co.. Ine., 2123 Cedar SI 
Dundee, III. Evergreen Specialists^! 
GRAFTED ENGLISH 
WALNUTS 
My HARDY PENNSYLVANIA' 
GROWN TREES grafted on the 
BLACK WALNUT STOCK are 
perfectly hardy and bear early 
and abundantly. Also HARDY 
PECAN trees. Write for at¬ 
tractive catalogue. 
J. F. JONES, The Nut Tree 
Specialist, Lancaster, Pa. 
Hardy Nut Trees 
for Northern Planting 
Budded Pecan Trees, Thill-Shell Hardy sorts. 
Budded and Grafted English Walnuts. Ask 
for special Nut Catalogue. 
VINCENNES NURSERIES, VINCENNES, INDIANA 
MGRAPVINES 
69 varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best rooted 
stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines—10c. Descriptive 
price list free. Lewis Roesch, Box L, Fredonia, N. Y. 
J. H. SHEERIN’S TREES MADE DANSVILLE FAMOUS 
SOO.OOO Peach Trees, 5 to 7 feet, 9c; 4 to 5 feet, 7c; 3 to 4 feet, 5c; 2 to 3 feet, 4c. 400,000 Apple Trees, 6 to 7 feet, 12c; 5 
to 6 feet, 8c; 4 to 5 feet, 6c. 50,000 Pears, 45,000 Cherry, 30,000 Plum and thousands of small fruit plants. Secure varie¬ 
ties now, pay inepring. Buy from the man who has the goods and save disappointment. Catalogue free to everybody. 
SHEERIN’S WHOLESALE NURSERIES 48 Seward St.» DansvIIIe, N. Y. 
WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
Past II. 
Dwarf Apple Trees. —“Some Results 
from an Experience of Ten Years in the 
Cultivation of Dwarf Apple Trees,” was 
the subject of' an address by George T. 
Powell. He 'said there are two types of 
dwarf trees, the Paradise and Douein. 
The Paradise is a native wild tree of 
small size, grown in England, France 
and Germany. The Paradise is strictly 
a dwarf tree, which does not usually 
grow beyond 10 or 11 feet in height. The 
other type, the Douein. is also a native 
or wild tree, but is a half-dwarf that will 
grow from 18 to 20 feet in height. The 
smaller trees are producing from one to 
iy 2 bushels of apples. The quality of 
the fruit grown upon dwarf trees is finer 
than that grown on standards. The skin 
is glossy and has an exceedingly line 
finish. In the fifth year from planting, 
a few boxes of the three-quarters size 
holding three-fourths of a bushel, sold 
in the Boston market for $2.50 a box. 
Dwarf trees should be planted deeper 
than is usually recommended. In later 
plantings the union at the point of the 
budding has been put down four inches 
under the surface level. This not only in¬ 
sures deep rooting, but prevents the 
breaking off of the trees at the union, 
which sometimes will occur when heavily 
loaded with fruit. The problem of the 
pruning of dwarf trees is a difficult one 
for the habit of the tree is different from 
that of the standards. If left without 
judicious pruning they will run up with 
slender tall leaders, and fail to form 
fruit spurs and bear fruit where they 
ought, down on the lower half of the 
tree. 
Pruning Dwarf Trees. —In the first 
two years the pruning should consist 
mainly in getting five or six leaders 
established, well divided about the base 
of the trees. The third year, the leaders 
should be out back slightly, and the side 
branches pinched to force out the spurs 
upon which the apples are to be borne. 
It is important to have all the lower 
portion of the side branches well covered 
with fruit spurs, that the weight of the 
fruit, later, may be well down upon the 
trees, that much of the thinning and 
picking of the fruit may be doue without 
ladders and the spraying may be done 
moije effectively. At five years, the main 
pruning should be done in July, near 
the time of the formation of the terminal 
buds, cutting back the leaders to give 
the trees a spreading growth. A much 
larger percentage of high grade fruit may 
be obtained for every imperfect specimen 
taken off. so thinning should be doue to 
the exteut that propping of limbs need 
not be done. While practically all va¬ 
rieties may be grown on dwarf stock, 
there are but few that are desirable— 
those that have high flavor, are of good 
size, aud are red in color. Among these 
are Northern Spy, Esopus Spitzenburg, 
Wagener, Mother aud Delicious. For 
yellow color, with blush, the Yellow Bell¬ 
flower and Winter Banana are of fine 
flavor and good size. For medium size 
or above, Jonathan and Red Canada, 
make fancy fruit, and are highly pro¬ 
ductive. For Autumn, McIntosh, Fall 
Pippin, Gravenstein, Wealthy, Washing¬ 
ton and Strawberry are desirable. Red 
Astrachan and Yellow Transparent, are 
the .best for early Summer kind£. Mr. 
Powell considered that dwarfs are not 
suited to the purpose of the general 
grower. 
Organized Marketing. —Dr. T. N. 
Carver of the United States Department 
of Agriculture, addressed the convention 
on “Advantages of Organized Marketing.” 
He said the farmers are the largest class 
of self-employed and as their business is 
specialized they become more inter-de¬ 
pendent with other classes, and there is 
a necessity of exchange of products. As 
population and diversity of production 
increases, the problem of distribution 
becomes more intricate. The wheat pro¬ 
ducer gets the largest per cent, of the 
selling price, SO per cent., because his 
grain is sold, on its grade, in an organ¬ 
ized market. The small producer must 
sell his produce on inspection instead of 
grade. Long distance selling is practicable 
only with standardized graded labeled 
goods, so tlie consumer is safe to buy 
without inspection. Organization and 
cooperation, official grading and stand¬ 
ardizing, make it possible to guarantee 
a product to buyers. When a section 
gets a reputation for the excellency of 
its products, other sections of producers 
may try to counterfeit that reputation, 
so grading and labeling is necessary for 
protection. When the consumer knows 
where to get standardized. labeled goods, 
he will not impose on himself the burden 
of inspection. Cooperation can succeed 
only with a high quality graded labeled 
product, and an intelligent consumer 
who knows he does not need to see an 
article before he buys it because of the 
guarantee and reputation of an organi¬ 
zation that is back of it. 
The New Packing Law.- —B. J. Case 
took the place of S. J. T. Bush in dis¬ 
cussing the new apple grading and pack¬ 
ing law. He said that 25,000 boxes of 
apples were recently shipped from the 
West to New York City to be sold for 
fancy apples for eating, to take the 
place of those that could be grown in 
our own State, because borne growers 
are not standardizing and holding up a 
grade to gain the confidence of the buyer. 
To sell our own apples in our own mar¬ 
kets we were obliged to standardize and 
label our apples by law. The result m' 
our new law has been to bring buyers 
to us from other States, especially the 
Middle West. A resolution was passed 
favoring the appointment of a commit¬ 
tee of three to cooperate with the com¬ 
mittee of the New Y'ork State Fruit 
Growers’ Association and National Apple 
Growers’ Association, for the purpose 
of conferring with the legislative commit¬ 
tee In amending the law. 
Dusting And Spraying. —The subject 
of the "Dusting of Orchards,” was given 
quite full in the report of the N. Y. 
Fruit Growers’ Association, but the fob 
lowing points are added, from Prof. Red¬ 
dick’s address on "Comparative Dusting 
and Spraying Experiments in 1914.'' 
The cost of a dusting outfit is $100. Only 
one firm makes dusters. Write to Cornell 
University for information and bulletin 
on dust spraying. Prof. Reddick said: 
“It does not make any difference whether 
trees are dry or wet when dusted. Tin' 
dew at night will set the dust. If on<* 
would spray in the morning while tb** 
dew is <ui the dust would set at once." 
Prof. Whetzel, on his “European Trip" 
said the apple disease most in evidence 
in most European countries is canker, 
but there is no fire blight there as wr 
have it. The Europeans make little ef¬ 
fort to control canker. We have reason 
to believe there is little danger of import¬ 
ing European canker to this country. 
He said rhe only good apples he could 
buy in Germany wore California apples. 
Some New York apples he saw were mu 
a very good looking lot. He said that in 
Germany the spraying machines are ver\ 
crude and inefficient. It is the custom 
to head the trees so high people could 
grow crops underneath, which were tit" 
main consideration. 
General Notes. —B. .T. Case said 
p 1 lit only one variety of apples in a 
block, because with some varieties the 
buds do not open at the same time s.> 
when spraying some trees in the block 
with buds just opening, others might be 
closed, also that the blossoms of all va¬ 
rieties do not drop at the same time, and 
spraying for Codling moth would be in¬ 
effective or wasted on part of the trees. 
Prof. Whetzel said no successful treat¬ 
ment is known for the Baldwin spot. A 
uniform water supply caused by cultiva¬ 
tion is tlic best thing we can do. Mr. 
Case said the lesson of 1914 is that sys¬ 
tematic thinning pays well, but thinning 
goes with good cultivation, feeding, and 
pruning. Mr. Powell said he does not 
cultivate back far under the branches of 
low-headed trees, except what he can 
reach with the extension harrow. The 
feeding roots are not close to the tree. 
Mr. McKee said he sprayed his cherries 
twice with Bordeaux mixture, and tlw 
leaves do not spot yellow and drop pre¬ 
maturely. Formula 4-4-50; spray twku 
before picking and once after if leaf spot 
still remains. Prof. Parrott said arsen¬ 
ate of lead and Bordeaux or the sanm 
treatment as for cherry eurculio, is best 
for diseased Seckel pears. Mr. Case said 
the best container for apple pickers for 
tender kinds is a half bushel basket. For 
tough skins use bags. Mr. Hepwortli 
said he would in no case use bags. 
The Round Table. —According to a 
report of the experiments with European 
grapes at the N. Y. Experiment Station, 
some success was made by growing these 
grapes grafted on native roots and cov¬ 
ering the vines with soil in Winter. 
There is a prospect that European grapes 
can bo grown with special culture for 
market. In reply to questions Mr. Powell 
said it made no difference whether you 
head a tree four feet or six feet, as the 
branches in both cases will go to tin- 
ground. The best way is to shorten the 
lower branches and start the growth up¬ 
ward. No harm, but benefit, comes from 
growing cultivated crops in the orchards, 
if the crops do not shade the trees. For 
keeping qualities most apples should he 
picked before quite ripe enough to eat. 
The best spray for late Fall is lime-sul¬ 
phur. Oil sprays are dangerous at that 
time. The oil creeps or reaches around 
the branch when put on only one side. 
He found the cost less than with lime 
and sulphur. You must hit all the sur¬ 
face of the tree with it, therefore you 
must use more. w. n. j. 
The Rabbit Curse. —I noticed the un¬ 
satisfactory reply to “A Curse of Rab¬ 
bits,” in Dec. 2(3 issue. I have been in 
a similar position but rabbits, skunks and 
weasels have become rare guests on my 
poultry farm, as well as rats, since I have 
bought German dachshunds. These lit¬ 
tle fellows are bred to a size that allows 
them to enter a badger’s or fox’s hole, 
weigh about 12 to 15 pounds. They are 
not able to race a rabbit, but since they 
have an excellent scent they will dig out 
every one of them. If they scent a rabbit 
in a hole you cannot drive them away 
with a club. On my wood lot rabbits 
keep themselves mostly under brush and 
not so much in holes, but skunks have 
troubled us more. It takes a courageous 
dog to get a family of skunks out, to 
brave that blinding smell, to go in again 
and again, although half blind, and the 
saliva running out in white streams from 
their mouth. It is a pleasure to watch 
these little fellows bite roots one inch 
thick with their teeth in order to get 
nearer to the animals. My German ten¬ 
ant paints all my small fruit trees around 
the ground with a mixture of lime and 
cow manure, and claims this prevents 
damage from rabbits. G. s. 
Chicago. Ill. 
