290 
-or 11 rfi R U I'd .A. L. 
NKW-VOK Kb.K 
February 27, 
things about doing a certain job. In 
fact, use him white. Don't nag or scold 
or rush him. If you set him at a piece of 
work, tell him to do a good job; if his 
way is a little different from yours let 
him have his way so long as he does a 
good job. If he does a good job don’t 
forget to tell him so. I worked for 23 
years for a large manufacturing com¬ 
pany ; I was never told that I did a job 
well, but was always told when the job 
was not done to suit. That was the 
policy of that concern. I suppose they 
thought praise would give a man the “big 
head,” and he would want more pay. 
LEE W. SERVEY. 
Jefferson County, N. Y. 
FARM PRODUCTS FOR STATE INSTITU¬ 
TIONS. 
T HE Department of Foods and Mar¬ 
kets of the State of New York, is 
making an effort to get the direct trade 
of the State institutions for the fanners 
of the State. The institutions are buy¬ 
ing milk and butter, potatoes, turnips, 
oats, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, corn- 
meal, Timothy hay, ground oats, buck¬ 
wheat, corn, carrots, onions, dried beaus, 
dried peas and other farm products in 
general. 
Purchases are usually made monthly, 
and in many cases on bids or estimates. 
When the Department has its markets 
established these orders can be idled 
through the markets at slight expense of 
handling and without trouble to the pro¬ 
ducers. In the meantime if you have any 
of these products to sell, please send a 
list, state grade and quality, and price, 
and your estimates will be forwarded to 
the purchasing agents. Co-operative as¬ 
sociations are in position to handle these 
orders to good effect. Direct estimates 
to Department of Foods and Markets, 71 
West 23d St., New York. 
Treatment of Muck Land. 
I SAW an article in regard to the treat¬ 
ment of swamp land in the December 
5 issue, page 1414. I have six acres, 
about one-half blueberries and Red-top, 
ready for the plow. I am satisfied this 
muck is quite sour; will put one ton of 
hydrated lime to the acre after it is 
plowed, and work it in with a disk bar- 
row. I cannot buy any potash at pres¬ 
ent; will have to use nitrate of soda. 
How much should I put on an acre? 
Would it be best to put it all on at once, 
or at different times? I never used any 
chemicals. IIow should it be put on the 
land, sow it broadcast or drill it in with 
a hand drill? You stated we should use 
acid phosphate in the sour muck. How 
much per acre and how should it be ap¬ 
plied? IIow long after I put the lime on 
the land will results be noticed? IIow 
often should I apply the lime, will once 
in four years be enough? Must I use the 
same amount of nitrate of soda and acid 
phosphate everv year for onions? 
Ravenna, O. I. i.. p. 
A muck soil such as you mention con¬ 
tains considerable nitrogen, little phos¬ 
phoric acid and still less potash. This 
nitrogen is not available, though the lime 
will help make it so, and before the sea¬ 
son is over the action of the lime will fur¬ 
nish nitrogen for the crop. The reason 
for using the nitrate of soda is to furnish 
some available nitrogen right from the 
start, to supply the onions in their early 
growth. The soda in this nitrate will not 
take the place of the potash. By the use 
of lime freely you may be able to grow 
one and perhaps two crops of onions from 
the muck, but you should try to obtain 
potash in some form. Can you not get 
ashes of wood or cornstalks? Liming 
once in three or four years ought to an¬ 
swer. We should use for each acre 400 
pounds acid phosphate and 100 nitrate of 
soda. From choice we would apply this 
fertilizer wih one of the hand drills, 
dropping it between the rows of onions 
and working it in. Broadcasting by hand 
or machine will answer, but the hand 
drills, while making much work, get it 
where it will do the most good. 
The German Potato Crop. 
W ITH reference to your editorial in 
the issue of Feb. 6, “The Potato 
Crop,” I would like to say that the manu¬ 
facture of potatoes into starch, flour, 
chips, etc., cannot be accomplished here 
as easily and cheaply as in Germany, to 
which you refer. The reason for this is 
that most of the large farms in the potato 
belt have distilleries, power, water, steam 
and experienced hands, so that an addi¬ 
tion built on to the distillery, for the man¬ 
ufacture of other products from potatoes 
than alcohol, can be «ono with less cost. 
But that is not till. In order to make the 
manufacture of different kinds of pro¬ 
ducts pay the potatoes must be starchy; 
it does not pay to handle potatoes poor in 
starch. Now our farmers are not used to 
growing starchy potatoes, it is not neces¬ 
sary for them to do so, because they get 
now for potatoes poor in starch, say from 
10 to 13 per cent, starch, just as much as 
for potatoes containing from 18 to 20 per 
cent, starch. The aim of our farmers is 
to grnv as many bushels of potatoes per 
acre as possible; the aim of the Ge •mar 
farmers is to grow the greatest amount of 
starch per acre. This is an altogether 
different proposition, more difficult to do. 
In order to get the starch into the pota¬ 
toes, the potatoes must have, besides a 
good crop rotation, a careful preparation 
of the soil and thorough cultivation, a 
sufficient, but slow source of plant food, 
as we get it from decomposing organic 
matter, from old or accumulated fertility 
as the Germans say. 
The best soils for the growing of 
starchy potatoes are the light soils, the 
loamy sands, sandy loams and loose soils. 
Unfortunately for the farmer the incor¬ 
porated organic matter does not last long 
in these open and porous soils, and the 
open culture will destroy the organic mat¬ 
ter so much quicker. Where green man¬ 
uring can be practised this is of course a 
great help. Where the farmer has en¬ 
tirely depended upon manure it is often 
a puzzling question how to get the neces¬ 
sary quantity. It has taken some farmers 
located on the potato belt in Germany 10 
years and others 15 years to get their 
soil in a condition for producing those 
large yields of potatoes, of which we often 
hear. To produce the necessary quantity 
of rich manure at a low figure is of such 
importance to the German farmer that 
the farmer who produces a ton of manure 
for a few cents less than his neighbor, 
other conditions being equal, is generally 
the more prosperous of the two. These 
are conditions so far unknown in our 
country. rr. winkelman. 
Tapping Maples. 
W ILL you explain the method of tap¬ 
ping the maple tree? What is the 
exact time for tapping the tree? 
j. s. 
The warm days and freezing nights in 
the Spring, before the buds start, is the 
time for tapping the maples. In some 
localities people have tapped early in Jan¬ 
uary and secured a run, and then again 
in March or even along in April, depend¬ 
ing on the locality and the season. One 
cannot tell the exact time for any partic¬ 
ular locality, but when the snow is going 
and everything looks like Spring weather 
then is the time to consider the sugar 
bush. The trees are usually tapped on 
the south side, for this side is toward the 
sun, and the sap flow responds to the 
warmth of the sun’s rays. The usual 
depth to tap is from about two to 2 y 2 
inches. This is done with a regular 
brace and %-inch bit. A spile is driven 
in the hole, and the bucket hung on the 
spile. Large trees will accommodate two 
pails or even three. Contrary to usual 
practice, New Hampshire has found that 
twice the amount of sap will flow from a 
tree if it is bored to depth of four inches 
than if bored at two inches. 
Recent Bulletins. 
C IRCULAR 148 of the Ohio Station at 
Wooster, “Spraying Farm Or¬ 
chards by the Club Plan,” gives the 
results of work done by Messrs. Jay and 
Taggart for a club of eight farmers and 
about 700 trees. No. 140, “Spraying 
Program for Orchards with Combinations 
Recommended,” by Professors Green, 
Selby and Gossard, gives a regular or¬ 
chard spraying program, with directions 
as to preparation, strength and applica¬ 
tion of various solutions. 
Carter Century 
Power Sprayer 
is just the combination many 
fruit growers have been 
looking for—it is an 
ideal rig for the small 
- fruit grower and in 
many cases will take 
the place of an ex¬ 
pensive outfit. 
The large or- 
chai’dist needs 
it to help out 
when spraying 
must bo done 
in a hurry. 
This is an inexpensive rig—good for 
150 lbs. pressure—send yonr address 
and we will tell yon all about it. 
Full lino Gasoline Engines and Pumps 
Air Pressure Water Systom 
RALPH B. CARTER CO.. 150 Chambers St., NEW YORK 
A 
HILL¬ 
SIDE 
WITHOUT 
FOLIAGE IS A 
PITIFUL SIGHT 
Your owu home, Avithout flowers, 
shrubs and plants about it, would 
look as bare and unattractive to your 
neighbors as this hillside looks to you. 
HEALTH 
IS JUST AS IMPORTANT FOR THE BEAUTY AND LIFE 
OF PLANTS AND SHRUBS AS IT IS FOR THE BEAUTY AND 
LIFE OF HUMAN BEINGS. ALL OUR STOCK IS HEALTHY. 
Our 1915 Catalog is now ready 
TREES 
SHRUBS 
Fruit trees that thrive and “make 
good" are the kind that have made 
this nursery famous all over the world 
and that are making us new friends as every bountiful 
crop is gathered. Our shrub¬ 
bery and berry bushes arc the 
kind vou can depend upon. 
We’re not jobbers, but grow¬ 
ers. Send for our big, complete catalogue. It's worth 
money—but is rppp Don’t think of getting any 
sent to you llfCC nursery stock until you get our 
prices and descriptions. Established 1869. 
GEORGE A. SWEET NURSERY CO. 
20 Maple Street Dansville, N. Y. 
FRUIT TREES 
Are you in need of Fruit, Shade or Or- 
namental Trees; Shrubs, Roses, or Berry 
Plants; Spray Pumps, Lime-Sulphur, 
Arsenate of Lead, or Sealecide? Write 
Calls’ Nurseries. Perry Ohio, for Price 
List. They deal direct with their cus¬ 
tomers and thousands of our best fruit 
growers are their customers. 
RIPE 
TOMATOES 
EARLIER THAN YOU EVER 
HAD THEM BEFORE 
No danger from frost, cold 
winds or late springs. 
The Glass-Covered 
Ball Seed and Plant Forcer 
Ennbles you to sot out your tomato plants in 
tlm open garden a month earlier. The same 
thing can be done with all kinds of seeds and 
plants. 
We have a special Forcer for 
CANTALOUPE GROWERS 
that is a gold mine to the man who grows 
for the early market. Cheap enough to use 
’em by the thousand. 
CUCUMBERS—MELONS 
and any kind of vegetables can be matured 
two to three weeks earlier than by any 
other method. Take the bint—it's the early 
crops that bring in the money. 
Send for my big 40 page catalog beautiful¬ 
ly illustrated with pictures and letters from 
the leading Agricultural Experiment Stations 
as well as customers who have tested and 
proved beyond a doubt that there Is a new 
era in store for the gardener who realizes 
the importance of being first fiddler on the 
early market. Write now; delay means lost 
opportunity. Costs you nothing but one 
cent on a postal card and it may mean the 
difference between loss and protit this com¬ 
ing season. 
THE BALL MFG. CO., Dept. K, Glenside,Pa. 
PEES at Hal fAgents Prices 
r- 
■T Some Collections offered in our Catalog: 
H V 1 O Assorted Poach Trees, 3 to 4 foot, lor 60c. 
12 Assorted Crape Vinos, 2-Year No. 1, for 60c. 
10 Assorted Flowering Shrubs, 2-Year, for $1.35. 
6 Assorted Dwarf Trees, 2-Yoar, 4 to 6 foot, $1.00. 
Send for CERTIFIED GROWERS Free Catalog allowing 
affidavit and Photographs of 800,000 Fruit Trees in 
our Nureeries. GUARANTEED AND SOLD DIRECT. 
The \TU. J. REILLY NURSERIES, 22 Oasla.i St., Dansville, N.Y. 
MILLIONS of TREES 
PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. 
The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in 
Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable 
I. E. ILGENFRITZ’ SONS CO. 
THE MONROE NURSERY, MONUOK, Midi. 
APPLE TREES 
EACH 2c EACH 
2 to 2 fe«*t high.2c each 
II to 4 feet high.3e each 
4 to 6 feet high....... 4c each 
4 to 5 feet high.. .each 
5 to 6 feet high.6e cnch 
Nice, smooth, well grown, true to name. 
’ Full list of Commercial sorts.—Box M 
WESTERN NURSERY CO., LAWRENCE, KAN. 
Emit Rftfllf Write at once. Secure valuable information 
■ lUlI DUU A early. Gives all be»*t varieties : Apple, Peach, 
ET ET Blum, Cherry, Quince, even Berries, 
■ % Ea Rose*, Ornamentals; Sold direet from Nurs¬ 
ery. Highest quality, healthy, hardy, guaranteed true to name. 
Secure your choice now—pay hi Spring. Special price* on your 
Hut, freight paid. DENTON, WILLIAMS A DENTON 
W hi >I< Mile Nurseries, It.S l.liu St., Dun*>!Il«\ \. 
Good Fruitand How 
to Grow It" FREE! 
A valuable book of eighty paces 
on bow to plant, spray and crow 
all kind, of fruit. 
11 PEAR TREES, 98c. 
2 Bartlett 2 Kciffor 1 Clapp 
3 Flemish 2 Seckcl 1 Wilder 
AH fine two-year, well matured trees. 
f 300,000 Apple Trets, 3 1-2 cts. each. 
[ Send for this Free Book 'o-day. REILLY BROS. NURSERIES. 
UOasMlurseries^^^37Meill^oad^ansvillOljr. 
GRAFTED ENGLISH 
WALNUTS 
M y H A RD Y I’ E N N S Y L YAM A 
GROWN TREKS grafted on the 
BLACK WALNUT STOCK are 
perfectly hardy and bear early 
and abundantly. Also HARDY 
PECAN trees. Write for at¬ 
tractive catalogue. 
,J. F. JONES, The Nut Tree 
Specialist, Lancaster, Pa. 
DWARF 
TREES 
APPLE 
PEAR 
PLUM 
CHERRY 
PEACH 
THEY HEAR LIKE THIS 
Our FREE CATALOGUE tells 
you all about them. Write for it. 
The Van Dusen Nurseries 
liox T, Geneva, N. Y. 
& KellysTREES 
THE KIND THAT "MAKE GOOD' 0 
True to Name—Free Iroin Disease 
Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum, Cliorry and Quince I 
Trees, also small Fruits and Ornaniontals, I 
•hipped direct to your orchard at Growers’ I 
Prices. 35 years’exi>crieuce in growing trees enables us to I 
produce guaranteed stock ut u low cost. So wo can ship | 
1 splendid trees at a low figure. Write for catalog. 
Kelly Bros., Wholesale Nurseries, 254 Main St., Dansville, It. T. 
Vou'll never regret planting Kelly Trees 
FRUIT TREES 
First-class. True to N - me, No Disease. We 
PAY FREIGHT OR EXPRESS to your Station 
and Guarantee Satisfaction. A full line of Nur¬ 
sery Stock, direct to planters, at much loss than 
usual prices. WRITE AT ONCE for New Cat¬ 
alogue. 
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, 
Box 25, New Haven, Missouri. 
OCA Ann Finn Grown Apple Trees. 2-years 
L «JV,WU 0 | ( ] g to 7 ft., 10 cents each; 5 to 0 ft., 7 
cents; 4 to 5 ft., 5 cents. Thousands of peaches, 
plums, cherries, quinces, pears and a general line 
of small fruits and ornamental stock at ju ices that 
are right. Finn's Trees have stood the test. 
Order from the man who has grown his own trees 
for 23 years, and save agent s commissions. Send 
for free catalogue. JOHN W. FINN, Whole¬ 
sale Nurseries, Dansville, N. Y. Box 144. 
450,000 TRFEfi 
200 varieties. Also Grapes, Small Fruits, etc. Best rooted 
stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants—10c. Descriptive 
price list free. Lewis Koescli, Box L. Frcdonia, N. Y. 
WELLS TREES 
Won First Prize at New York State Fair. 
IS TREES AND PLANTS FOR 95 CENTS. 
1 Eng. Morello Cherry 1 Abundance Plum 1 McIntosh Apple 
1 Montmorency Cherry 1 Burbank Plum 1 DeliclouB Apple 
3 St. Eegis Everbearing Raspberry 
All above trees, 2 yr., 4 ft. high, and plants first class, for 95c. Write today for free illustrated catalog and send 
list of your wants for special prices. Freiuht paid. WELLS WHOLESALE NURSERIES, 73 WEUSLET Ave., Dmsviue. N. Y. 
1 Seckel Pear 
1 Bartlett Pear 
1 Niagara Grape 
1 Concord Grape 
1 Elberta Peach 
1 Niagara Peach 
