332 
i'HE RURAL NliW-'iOKKER 
March i;, 
then leaving the point only about ««no 
ineli broad. This harrow will not injure 
the Alfalfa plants. Then again 1 will 
not allow my Alfalfa meadows to be bar- 
rowed even with the spring-tooth after 
growth has started to amount to any¬ 
thing. The. young shouts of Alfalfa tire 
rather easily injured, and one or maylw 
two crops may be seriously out short by 
injuring this young growth. As a mat¬ 
ter of fact I use the spring-tooth only 
after taking off the first or second cut¬ 
ting, and I allow it to he used only within 
a very few days after the crop has been 
mowed. If the young shoots have grown 
two inches. I would expect to do con¬ 
siderable injury. If they have grown 
one inch l would expect to do a little 
injury and thereafter I try to get in be¬ 
fore they have even grown one inch. On 
the other hand, if a field is becoming in¬ 
fested with weeds or grasses, I think it 
decidedly beneficial to harrow it, using 
the spring-tooth harrow and doing so pre¬ 
ferably after taking off the first cutting. 
After the second cutting will do but not 
quite as well. It is our own practice to 
harrow at this time to overcome weeds 1 
and grasses, and if properly done, that is ! 
before the shoots have grown too much, 
the life of the meadow will be consider¬ 
ably lengthened, the quality of the hay 
decidedly improved by tearing out the 
grasses and weeds, and this tool certainly 
does the work in excellent shape, much 
better, we think, than any other form 
of harrow that we have ever used. 
()hio. 
CM AS. R. WING. 
I 
i :: Dusting the Apple Orchard 
E ASE OF APPLICATION.—An arti¬ 
cle in Tin: It. N.-Y. served to stimu¬ 
late renewed interest of apple growers in 
the possibilities of protecting their or¬ 
chards by applying poisonous materials in 
a dry state as dust. Perhaps the item of 
greatest interest to the commercial or- 
chardist was the rapidity and ease with 
which one could apply the materials. In 
is physically impossible to get over the 
orchard with a wet spray in so short a 
time, what is one to do? The shortage 
is rarely of apparatus with which to 
work, but rather the inability to secure 
men or teams during the spraying season. 
The dust method seems to offer a solu¬ 
tion. The above points were in mind 
when, some four years ago. a study of the 
DUST SPRAY IN AN APPLE ORCHARD. 
the estimation of the writers this is the 
all-important item, assuming, as the ex¬ 
perimental results so far obtained indi¬ 
cate. that equally satisfactory protection 
is afforded. 
Scab Prevention.- —Tn the Spring of 
1010 conditions were favorable for an 
epidemic of apple scab. The infection 
came early, with the result that many 
fruits dropped from the tree very soon 
after blossoming. In some orchards the 
set of fruit was materially lessened. To 
have prevented the infection an applica¬ 
tion of spray should have been made be¬ 
fore blossoming time—but not until after 
the blossom clusters had separated suffi¬ 
ciently to allow driving the spray down 
on the pedicels of each individual of the 
cluster. In 1911 and 1912 there were 
just four days’ time iu which this could 
be done. In 191.3 the clusters of buds 
were beginning to separate on Thursday, 
May 1. and yet on Sunday. May 4, most 
of the orchards in Western New York 
were in full bloom. Many growers are 
coming to realize that timeliness is, of 
all. the most important item in successful 
disease and insect control. The abund¬ 
ance of apple scab in 1914, in spite of 
much spraying, is just another indica¬ 
tion that treatments were not made at 
the right time. In other words, epi¬ 
demic years of apple scab are gentle re¬ 
minders to the orcliardist that his spray¬ 
ing efficiency is not developed to the high¬ 
est point. 
Saving Time Witit TM'st. —But to the 
grower who has a keen appreciation of 
the importance of timeliness in applying 
protective substances to his orchard there 
remains still another difficulty. It is all 
very well to narrow the time limit for ef¬ 
fective work down to four days, but if it 
possibilities <>f substituting dusting for 
spraying was again undertaken at Cornell 
Fniversity. (It will be recalled by many 
that the late Prof. Craig made some ex¬ 
periments along this line a number of 
years ago .) 
Disappointing Resclts.—A review of ^ 
the literature on comparative dusting and 
spraying revealed the fact that dusting 
had been tried in thr Middle West on a 
very extensive scale and found wanting. 
The experiments were large, well planned 
and well executed. The results were de¬ 
cisively against dusting. The only ray of 
hope lay in the fact that in some of the 
later work a powdered arsenate of lead 
was list'd instead of Paris green, and had 
resulted in very satisfactory control of 
Codling moth. Since the above experi¬ 
ments were performed, however, the es¬ 
sential fungicidal ingredients in the spray 
has changed from copper in Bordeaux 
mixture to pure elemental sulphur in 
lime-sulphur solution, and the insect poi- ! 
son largely from Paris green to arsenate 
of lead. Now it is a well known fact 
that lime-sulphur solution, when sprayed 
on to foliage, soon disintegrates and sets 
free pure sulphur in a fine state of divi¬ 
sion.' Tests have been made which show 
that it is this fine sulphur that is effec¬ 
tive in preventing the scab fungus from 
gaining entrance to leaf and fruit. It 
therefore appeared that if a very finely 
divided sulphur might be secured which 
could be applied directly in the dry state, 
by the addition of dry arsenate of lead, a 
combination might be obtained which 
would replace Summer spraying for the 
control of apple scab, sooty blotch. Cod¬ 
ling moth, eureulio and all those insects 
that can be killed by a stomach poison. 
(Continued on pope 352.) 
Hottes Elberta as 
compared with 
old Elberta 
PlantThePeachThatPaysQuickest 
Hottes Elberta Peach Pays $195 
Only 28 Months After Planting marvelous record of just 60 of 
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of records to show that this great, early-bearing wonder always lives up to its name and fame in any 
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Japan Dream-the Tomato Peach 
Matured 44 perfect peaches four months after planting inforchard of William Royce, Cement, Oklahoma, 
160 peaches from one tree 15 months after planting reported by J. R. Smith. Sweet Springs, Missouri. 
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SEND FOR THE BOOK THAT TELLS HOW IT WAS DONE 
Get the Monerief Orchard book—rlgilt away—now—before you eel another tree. It’s a book every fruit-grower should 
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FRUIT TREES 
Peach, Apple, Pear, Cherry, Plum, Grape Vines, small fruit plants, 
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Backed by 35 Years Experience 
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FRUIT TREES 
More than 25 years our DEPENDABLE TREES have been offered through this paper. The largest 
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GufRANTUD Tftut 
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Snecial Bargain Price 98c. If you need trees in larger quantities It will pay you io write today for sur big tree 
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MALONEY I 1 KOS. & WELLS CO., Ilox Dannille, N. Y. Dansville Pioneer Wholesale Nurseries . 
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Always Shows a Profit 
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(.Home of Stark Delicious) 
i-eenls 
'iiillinillimmiiliinl 
Buy Direct and Save Half 
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jJgf^GREEN’S NURSERY CO.. 22 Wall St, Rochester, N. Y. 
