334 
Mliii KUXAL NEW-VOKKEK 
March G. 
Contains gar¬ 
dening knowl¬ 
edge that is the 
result of practical 
experience, and cul¬ 
tural articles written 
by experts. 
It is full of informa¬ 
tion valuable to both 
amateur and professional 
gardeners. 
The list of worthy novel¬ 
ties and old favorites in both 
flowers and vegetables is com¬ 
plete and dependable. 
Especially noteworthy are the 
sections devoted to Roses, Dah¬ 
lias and Hardy Perennials. 
Mailed free if yon mention this publication « 
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fluent varieties for garden decorat ion or cut¬ 
ting. Packet of eight best colors, con¬ 
taining enough 866(1 to produce more than 
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HENRY A. DREER 
714-716 Chestnut St. f Phila« 
Wood’s Trade Mark 
Clover and 
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are best qualities obtainable, 
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WOOD’S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOG 
for 1915 gives the fullest in¬ 
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Write for Catalog, and 
prices of any 
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Potatoes required. 
T. W. WOOD O SONS, 
SEEDSMEN, - Richmond, Va. 
Once Grown Always Grown 
Maule’s Seeds 
Endor.ed by more than 450,000 pro¬ 
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WM. HENRY MAULE, Inc. 
2172 Arch St. Philadelphia, Pa. 
Soul 10 cents, mention this paper, we 
trill fitrlose in the catalogue a vac let of 
the above QIANT pansy. 
1 — ■ — - .. ■ 
Do You Have to 
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I’m told that 1 have the best 
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HErm Pfl D SEtD CO.. Bin 2B, Stiemndoih, low». 
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fl Everbearing Strawberries || 
|| Concluded front page 829. 
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were sold right tit home for 25 cents 
a quart. People tire anxious to get ber¬ 
ries even in the height of the peach sea¬ 
son. Whether berries will sell in the 
Fall tit 25 cents a quart or thereabouts 
after the novelty wears off I do not know. 
That remains to be seen, lmt with a 
variety like the Superb one has it dou¬ 
ble chance, for laying aside till consid¬ 
eration of the Fall fruit we still have a 
variety that has more of promise tlmu 
any variety I know of simply as a Spring¬ 
cropping berry. The price received for 
the Spring berries is the same as rules 
for any good variety at that time. 
Yields And Returns.— I do not know 
what the yield of Superb berries would 
be in bills. In matted rows it will be 
from 500 to 1.000 quarts to the acre the 
first Summer. At first thought that 
seems small, but we must remember that 
the price is from two to three times as 
This is for the Spring crop which was cut 
short by dry weather. This same bed 
commenced to yield again in July. The 
first for market were picked July 22. the 
first for home use July 17. New beds 
put out in April commenced to yield for 
market July 2nd. Here are the dates on 
all beds both old and young for the Fall 
crop: 
July 2, G, 9, 11, 14, 17. 22, 25, 27, 30. 
August 2, 3, 5, 0. 7, 8, 10. 11. 12, 14, 
15. 10. 17, IS, 19, 22. 24, 25, 20. 
September 8, 11. 12, 14, 15, 1G, 17, 18, 
21. 22. 24. 28, 29. 
(letoher 2, 5, G, 7, S. 9. 12, 13, 19, 20, 
21, 22, 24, 31. 
November 3 and 7. 
The last picked for market was on Nov. 
7. A few were picked for home use as 
late as the 20tli but not many. 
Soil. —Generally speaking the ever- 
bearers can be grown in any garden or 
any plot of ground that will grow the 
standard varieties of berries that fruit in 
June only. Some of them will grow on 
soil too light for many standard varie¬ 
ties. The wise grower however, will give 
TIIK • sri’KRl." EVERBEARING 
STUA W KERRY. 
much as for Spring berries. With stand¬ 
ard varieties we get no fruit at all the 
first Summer. Suppose we take a con¬ 
crete example. Last April I saw two 
one-acre plots of berries set side by side, 
both having the same soil and treatment. 
One acre is Gandy, the other is Superb. 
Considerable time was spent in keeping 
the weeds and grass down in each block, 
so as to have a good bed of plants this 
Spring. Practically the same amount of 
time was spent on each acre. What is 
the result? Well, there are now two 
acres of fine berries. There is a good 
mat of plants on each. Plants are just 
about thick enough <>n each plot for good 
berries this Spring. The acre of Gandy 
did not give a single berry last Summer. 
From the acre of Superb the gross sales 
for berries amounted to $143.75. -After 
all that I expect them to outyield the 
Gandy when both fruit in .Tune. Judg¬ 
ing from past observations they will do 
it by about two to one or better. As 
stated above I cannot tell as to the yield 
in hills. The nearest I can come to it is 
to toll of a three-quarter acre block set 
in the Spring of 1913. They were allowed 
to make matted rows, yet more than 
enough berries were sold from them the 
first Summer to pay for all work on the 
lied. In the Spring of 1914 all plants 
were dug away, leaving only the par¬ 
ent plants. These were badly loosened 
in digging, and it came on very dry at 
fruiting time, yet they gave in the 
Spring crop a total yield of 768 quarts. 
A plot of three-quarters acre of Gandy 
under the same conditions only with all 
the plants left, none being dug away, 
gave a total yield of only 1,952 quarts. 
Many berries on both plots burned up. 
Since then no berries have been picked 
from the Gandy hut the Superb com¬ 
menced July 17 and produced on these 
old ill-treated parent plants a total yield 
of 52G quarts of Fall fruit. 
Period Of Bearing. —The term Fall 
berries as applied to these is somewhat 
misleading. They are more nearly ever- 
hearers. They can be likened to monthly 
roses, and have their periods of ups and 
downs, as do the roses. Following are 
the dates on which Superb berries were 
picked the last season on both old and 
young beds: June 1. 2. 3. 5. G and 11th. 
them the very best strawberry soil avail- 
abb 1 . A low, sandy loam, fairly reten¬ 
tive of moisture and well supplied with 
plant food will provide ideal conditions. 
One thing that has kept the everbearers 
from being very generally planted was 
the very high price for plants. Being 
new and promising this was to be ex¬ 
pected, and only time for propagation 
could reduce the price. Prices arc now 
more reasonable, and almost any grower 
can now afford enough plants for a trial. 
This Spring will see the everbearers list¬ 
ed by nearly all strawberry nurserymen 
and a careful study of their catalogues 
will add greatly to one’s knowledge of 
the behavior of these berries in differ¬ 
ent sections of the country. 
What is the future of the everbearers? 
No one knows. They already have an 
established place in the home garden and 
it is only a question of a very short time 
before the better varieties, that give 
good fruit in the Spring as well as in 
the Fall, will be largely planted by the 
commercial grower. Some will be dis¬ 
appointed because they expect too much. 
After reading of the everbearers some are 
led to expect a continuous Fall crop just 
as large as they usually see in the Spring. 
This is not the case. The Fall crop is 
a fair one. hut picking continues over a 
longer period than does the Spring crop, 
and no extra large quantity is picked at 
any one time. The best varieties of ever¬ 
bearers are indeed wonderful berries, but 
do not expect too much of them. They 
will not make anyone rich in one season. 
They do. however, offer possibilities not 
found in any other berries, and are well 
worthy of the attention of any grower. 
trucker, jr. 
Imperfect Flowering Strawberries. 
HAVE been told that it is not the 
• i roper tiling to grow all male varie¬ 
ties of strawberry to the exclusion of 
the female; that by so doing one could 
not expect to harvest as many berries, as 
the males were not so prolific, and that 
the male variety had “off” seasons when 
the crop would be scant. What is your 
opinion? f. l. 
.Martinsville, Ind. 
For a long time it was held by many 
strawberry growers that imperfect flower¬ 
ing varieties were by nature more 
productive than perfect kinds, and 
it was a common experience and 
is so to-day to find certain im¬ 
perfect flowering kinds more productive 
than the perfect flowering varieties grow¬ 
ing alongside. Every now and then, how¬ 
ever, the grower has found a perfect flow¬ 
ering variety giving a much heavier yield 
than his imperfect flowering kinds. Some 
years ago one of the experiment stations 
found that about GO perfect-flowering va¬ 
rieties yielded on their grounds at the 
average rate of 2.059 quarts per acre and 
29 varieties of imperfect flowering kinds 
at the rate of 2.351 quarts, the greater 
yield appearing to be in favor of the im¬ 
perfect flowering kinds; but when the 
10 most productive varieties of the two 
classes wore compared fhe yield was re¬ 
versed. During the past 10 years sev¬ 
eral hundred varieties have been tested 
on the Experiment Station grounds, Gen¬ 
eva. N. Y., and from a study of the yields 
of those varieties it is impossible to say 
that under our conditions the varieties of 
one class of flowers are more productive 
than the other class. The “off” seasons 
of low yield referred to in the question 
wore doubtless brought about by climatic 
or soil conditions or possibly by attacks 
of insects or disease rather than by con¬ 
ditions due to the sex of the plants. 
O. M. TAYLOR. 
Circulation of Sap. 
O N page 342 II. E. Van Deman, in re¬ 
plying to inquiry about girdling trees, 
.speaks of “interrupting the circula¬ 
tion.” Does he mean circulation of sap? 
Does the sap ever circulate? T mean does 
it ever return to the roots? Are there 
two sets of pores through which the sap 
flows out and in from the roots, or can 
sap flow h«»th ways at the same time 
through the same pores? There must al¬ 
ways be an upward flow in growing time 
or the tree would wilt. M. M. 
Massachusett s. 
The circulation of sap in trees and 
plants is simple enough and yet it 
is a rather mysterious process of 
nature for the purposes of carry¬ 
ing the “food” to every part of 
the system, from the topmost twig to 
tin* most distant rootlet, and to keep the 
vitality complete at all times. The roots 
absorb all the water and none whatever, 
normally, comes through the leaves from 
the air. as some suppose is done. The 
leaves is the carbon dioxide or gas that is 
moisture imbibed by the rootlets, and that 
is why a large supply of water is needed 
to carry on the functions of plant growth. 
There is certainly a vigorous flow of sap. 
which is largely water, from the roots up¬ 
ward in the growing season. In the 
leaves the carbon dioxide or gas that is 
imbibed by them from the air through 
their pores or stomata, which are usually 
on the under side only, the water is 
mixed with the gas and true vital sap 
is thus manufactured. This sap “circu¬ 
lates,” or passes through the natural 
channels to every part of the tree or 
plant where vital action or growth is tak¬ 
ing place and “fixed carbon” results as 
a deposit of woody fibre or cellular tissue. 
If there was no circulation there would 
bo no wood and hark formed. For every 
pound of such deposit, when freed of it* 
water content, there has passed back into 
the air in the form of vapor from 200 t*> 
300 and more pounds of water. This is 
why there is need of so much rain or irri¬ 
gation water to develop a crop of any 
kind. Stunted growth is the result of in- 
suflieient water in the soil. 
The interruption of the natural flow of 
sap seems to cause abnormal deposition 
of wood, starch and a higher development 
of the vital organism generally. Fruit 
buds are a very essential part of this or¬ 
ganism. They are the next stage below 
the crowning effort of plant life, which 
is the production of fruit and seed. The 
latter is the principal means of repro¬ 
duction. The downward flow of sap is 
the richer in nourishment, as we often 
see illustrated by the swelling of wood 
growth above the wire or tree labels that 
were not removed at planting time. And 
that is why girdling fruit trees during 
the growing season causes fruit bud for¬ 
mation. The forming buds are abnor¬ 
mally fed and they pass to the higher 
stage more rapidly than staid nature 
would have them do. They are practi¬ 
cally overfed. Once formed their full de¬ 
velopment should and likely will ensue. 
II. E. van deman. 
