594 
’HiL: KUKANEW-YORKER 
siimers to study the food questions, and 
if need be, change their feeding habits 
in order to economize themselves, and 
to be of benefit to the producer, Right 
now is an opportunity for them to show 
some of this very spirit. They are de¬ 
manding and eating high-priced bread, 
the most expensive food that they can get 
under present conditions, while within a 
few miles of their home markets, mil¬ 
lions of bushels of excellent potatoes are 
being practically given away through 
lack of a market. Here is an opportunity 
for the American consumer to show some 
of this substantial national spirit, not 
only to his own advantage, but to the 
help of the producer whose crops will be 
ruined unless they can dispose of them 
within the next four months. 
Cleft-Grafting. 
I HAVE been at work ou an orchard, 
top-working it to better quality. This 
will be the fourth year, and I shall 
not be able to finish the job this Spring. 
Some of the grafts bore this year for the 
first time: was quite successful in my 
work, but still thought I should do bot- 
Mkthod of Inserting Scions. Fig. 145. 
ter. From 75 to N0% of the grafts grew. 
Suppose one would cross or sot the scion 
the least out of plumb, would the chances 
for growth be improved? Could you give 
me a picture to make it plainer? 
Millersburg, Pa. g. s. s. 
Some authorities, when writing on this 
subject, claim that it is imperative to 
success, to set the scion so that tlm cam¬ 
bium layers of the scion and stub come in 
perfect alignment. Owing to the differ¬ 
ence in the thickness of the barks of the 
scion and stub, great care must be ex¬ 
ercised in order to accomplish this, which 
renders this work slow and somewhat ted¬ 
ious. The most experienced in this work 
know that it can be executed much more 
rapidly by setting the scions with the 
tops slightly projecting outwards, as 
shown in accompanying picture. When 
sot in this oblique manner the cambium 
layers of the scion and stub are certain 
to meet, and if the work lias been well 
done in other respects the chances of suc¬ 
cess are considerably greater than when 
the scion is set in alignment with the 
stub. When preparing the scion for in¬ 
sertion the wedge-shape should be cut 
up to the lower bud, as shown in cut and 
be made somewhat thinner on the oppo¬ 
site edge, so that when the opening wedge 
is removed, the pressure of the stub will 
be greatest oh the outer edge where the 
barks meet. The scions must be set firm¬ 
ly. and should be thrust down so the 
lower bud comes just above the bark of 
the stub. k . 
Destruction of Fruit-tree Pests. 
HERE has appeared in some quarters 
of late a tendency toward criticism 
of the attitude assumed by the various 
State boards of agriculture in their fight 
for the elimination of the various insect, 
scale and rust pests which are so injuri¬ 
ous to the agricultural and horticultural 
interests. A careful examination of these 
laws and the reason for their enactment 
will convince one that, far from being in¬ 
jurious, they are for the best interests of 
everyone concerned. 
These laws were enacted first in va¬ 
rious of the Western States, where the 
fruit industry is better organized and 
more carefully conducted than in some of 
the older and more conservative Eastern 
States. The movement has, however, 
spread to the Eastern States, and now 
in nearly every State, in one form or an¬ 
other, are statutes which allow either the 
State agricultural or horticultural de¬ 
partments the right to enter any premises 
on which are found evidences of San Jose 
scale, or of cedar rust, or of injurious in¬ 
sects, and destroy them. Others declare 
that no person shall knowingly or wilfully 
keep any trees or plants affected by the 
scale, rust or other diseases, and declare 
such infested trees and shrubs are a pub¬ 
lic nuisance and may be destroyed by the 
proper authority, and that no damage 
will be awarded to the owner of the in¬ 
fested tree. Some go so far as to declare 
that the cost of the destruction shall be 
assessed against the property of the per¬ 
son on whose lands they are found. And 
these laws have, in the main, all been 
held constitutional. 
These laws, when viewed from the 
standpoint of the person whose property 
is destroyed, may seem unjust, yet taken 
from the angle of the people at large they 
appear to be the only means by which 
the agricultural interests at large can he 
protected from the negligence of the indi¬ 
vidual fruit raiser. It is conceded that 
the existence of the fruit industry of the 
country depends upon the suppression 
and destruction of the various fruit pests. 
The laws which give the authorities the 
right to destroy the infected trees arc a 
proper exercise of the power vested in 
the State to subject individual private 
property to such reasonable restraints 
and burdens as will secure and maintain 
the general welfare and prosperity of the 
people at large. This right of the State 
to destroy individual property where the . 
public interests are involved is similar 
to those other rights generally grouped 
under the head of police power, which 
give the people at large the right, for in¬ 
stance, to prohibit the importation of dis¬ 
eased plants, to prohibit the retail liquor 
business without permission of the 
authorities, to forbid the keeping of 
swine without a permit from the 
board of health, and in giving to 
boards of health, quarantine of¬ 
ficers and milk inspectors discretion¬ 
ary powers, all of which laws have 
been held to be valid and a proper exer¬ 
cise of what is termed (he State's police 
power. These laws a majority of the 
people recognize as necessary for the gen¬ 
eral preservation of health and for the 
best material interests of the people at 
large. In other words, this whole scheme i 
of destruction of private property works 
itself down to the idea of the greatest | 
good to the greatest number and that one 
individual may not, by neglect of his own 
property, endanger the fruit interests of 
his neighbors and so of the whole State. 
As society becomes more and more com- ! 
plex and the land more and more closely 
settled, and the chances for the spread of 
the various insect pests is made easier 
thereby, so. little by little, each individual 
grower gives up his right of conducting 
or neglecting bis fruit growing as he may 
wish and must comply with the helpful 
regulatory laws of the State. M. D. 
A Torch for Insect Killing. 
X page 210 you give a remedy for 
woolly aphis and it brings to mind I 
a treatment that might be of value. 
Having extensive young apple orchards I 
have been troubled quite a little with 
nest-worms. I have a torch which car¬ 
ries a wick for igniting an atomizer spray 
of kerosene. I have used this for burn¬ 
ing out these nests, and I have never 
noticed any injury to the limbs from the 
flame. Why would not a flame be of 
value in clearing off woolly aphis, oyster- 
Kill'll 
ba rk-louse. 
sea 
le. pear 
psylla 
in 
till' Cl 
•otclies of ti 
ees, 
eggs and dormant 
insects of many k 
inds on the 
trunks 
and 
larger 
branches 
of 
trees? 
What 
one 
would 
need is some 
form of 
continuous 
blow 
torch that 
WO! 
aid be 
light 
and 
could 
be attached 
to 
end of 
rod. 
A. H. ] 
P. 
R. 
X.-Y.—Seve 
ml 
times 
during 
the 
past 10 years such torches have been 
advocated. Somehow they do not seem to 
attract popular attention. Is anyone 
using them satisfactorily now? 
Growth of Rye Roots and Apple Trees 
OW far do flic roots extend laterally 
of a rye plant that is five feet high 
at maturity? 2. What variety of 
apple makes the largest growth in two 
years in the nursery row? i>. r>. c. 
Dayton, Ohio. 
1. We are unable to give the facts 
about the growth of roots of rye. The 
best estimate that we can find is that 
roots of such a plant would extend about 
IS inches on each side, of course farther 
than this down into the soil. 2. After 
consulting with a number of nurserymen, 
we learn that Winter Banana and Stark 
are likely to give the largest two-year ■ 
growth in the nursery row. Probably 
Winter Banana under good conditions, 
would give longer growth than other va- i 
rieties. 
March Id, 
Alfalfa and Snow Drifts. 
A NYTHING in the nature of an ob¬ 
struction to the wind, unquestionably 
causes beyond it (the obstacle) the 
lodgment of snow, during snowstorms, 
or high winds. On the leeward side of 
buildings, fences, knolls, slight elevations 
and even on comparatively level areas, the 
Winter snows vary from no snow on ex¬ 
posed places, to several feet deep in the 
deepest spots, on our farm. Snowbanks 
in Spring always remain a long time 
after field snow has entirely disappeared. 
Yet the loss on wheat, clover or Alfalfa 
caused by deep snow, or snow drifts, is 
practically nothing, and receives no at¬ 
tention. But the foi’mation of ice is a 
more serious proposition. Occasionally 
ice, where thick and remaining a consid¬ 
erable time on wheat, clover or Alfalfa, 
has caused some damage. However that 
is a rare occurence, and the subject of 
suffocation of crop, by either snow banks 
or ice. seldom enters into our calculations. 
Possibly, the ghost residing in the snow¬ 
bank proposition is a more formidable 
thing, than the real enemy. However 
Alfalfa is too valuable a crop, both for 
soil enrichment, or for feeding-stock, to 
be stamped by imagination. Scientists 
claim there ai*e approximately 35,000 tons 
of atmosphere nitrogen, worth $10,500,- 
000. over every acre of land, in the great 
and inexhaustable aerial sea (the atmos¬ 
phere). Also xx pound of early-cut, well- 
cured Alfalfa leaves are almost equal, 
pound for pound, to wheat bran, for feed¬ 
ing purposes. T. E. martin. 
New York. 
Genuine Beurre Bose 
We’llstakeourlastdollaronthisstatement. Pick- 
iriK season last of October, but best pricecan be ob- J 
tainedif cold storaged until the holiday season. 
Known to sell tor |8.50 a barrel about Dec. 15th. K 1 
We pa; all freight and transportation \ 
and guarantee delivery in perfect condition. 
Direct to you—no agent’a profits to pay. Send Agp. 
for our free catalogue. Helpful information ja 
from cover to cover. 
WM. P. RUPERT A SOM. Box 20. Seneoa. N.Y. 
Roses, Plants, Seeds 
Trees, Shrubs, 
Bulbs, etc., by 
mail, express 
or freight. 
Safe arrival 
and satisfac¬ 
tion guaran¬ 
teed. Every¬ 
th i n g you 
want for 
lawn, garden 
o r orchard. 
1200 acres de¬ 
voted to growing stock, 60in hardy roses alone. 
45 greenhouses. 61 years’ experience. 192-page 
Catalog Free. Write for it today. (89) 
THE STORRS& HARRISON CO. 
Box 566, Painesville, Ohio 
ATTRACTIVE OFFER 
IN NURSERY STOCK 
For Spring planting we have as fine a lot of stock as 
can be found in the Country. All stock freshly dug. 
and net In cold storage. Special prices on large 
quantities. Write for Catalogue, and send us your 
list of wants. Apples and Peaches in large quanti¬ 
ties. Send order while there Is a full list of varieties. 
THE STEPHEN HOYT'S SONS CO., New Canaan, Conn. 
Fruit Trees and 
Small Fruits 
Amateurs may be led astray by glowing 
descriptions of new offerings. We grow 
stock especially 
FOR FRUIT GROWERS 
who want nothing but the best, and that 
which, will bring .hem good, sure returns. 
We aim to lilt AW a few NEW cus¬ 
tomers each year, and HOLD every one 
of them—not by low prices or extravagant 
promises, but by high quality and reli¬ 
ability. 
ORNAMENTAL STOCK 
at reasonable prices. All stock is described 
and priced in our new catalogue, FREE. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
1 1 ‘ Won First Prize at New York State Fair. 
, „ 15TREES AND PLANTS FOR 95 CENTS. 
} r } Niagara Grape 1 Eng. Morello Cherry 1 Abundance Plum 1 McIntosh Apple 1 Elberta Peach 
1 Bartlett Pear 1 Concord Grape 1 Montmorency Cherry 1 Burbank Plum 1 Delicious Apple 1 Niagara Peaob 
3 St. Regis Everbearing Raspberry 
All above trees, 2 yr., 4 ft. high, and plants first class, for 95c. Write today for free illustrated catalog and send 
list of your wants for special prices. Freight paid. WELLS WHOLESALE NURSERIES, 73 Weuslet Ave.. DANSVILLE. N. Y. 
Fruit Trees at Wholesale Prices 
Peaches. $5.00 per 100; Apples. Pears, Cherries. Plums and Ornamentals. Everything fresh 
dug and Guaranteed strictly first class. Freight paid proposition and Catalogue FREE. 
Ij’ Am oreaux Nursery Co., Solioliario, 3NT. Y. 
WELLS 
GUARANTIED TftUC 
TONAnE 
FRUIT 
TREES 
rUUMtr 6Ms iwtuio 
OAfWIUCJf.Y 
atogSa 
Everybody's Favorite Tree and Plant Collection. 
- --- 15 Tree* and Plants for 98c. 
1 Alexander, early (yellow) reach, 1 Red Astrakhan, summer, 1 Mclniu*h (.red), winter Apple, 1 Clapp's 
Favorite, Summer (yellow) Pear, J Napoleon eweei (white) 1 Kurlv Richmond, sour (red) Cherry, 1 Orange 
Quince, l Ruroank (amber) Plum. All 4 —5 feet high. * ~ • * ** — 
rants 2 year; 2 Wilder (red), 3 Pieplant roots. 
Special Bargain Price 98c. If yon need trees in larger quantities it will p 
wholesale catalogue Illustrated in Colors and buy Al trees at wholesale prices. 
Grapes 2 year; 1 Concord, blue, 1 Catawba, red. Cur- 
ay you to write today for our big free 
csaie prices. 
MALONEY BROS. & WELLS CO., Box J4, Dansville, S. Y* Dansville Pioneer Wholesale Nurseries . 
means a Jot to every buyer—guaranteed Sturdy, Healthy \ 
rue to Name by a Arm that has been growing ti es* right 
Guaranteed to “Make Good”™ d a V.____ 
for years—Apple, Pear,Peach. Plum, Cherry and Quince Trees, also small Fruit and Ornamental Stock 
Direct to you at Growers 9 Prices 
Quality before price Is our motto, but our personal supervision of all trees from our nurseries to you, to¬ 
gether with up-to-date facilities, enables us to sell Kelly Trees at low prices- Our catalog tells all about our 
trees and prices. 1 1 is our only salesman, and you can order from the catalog just as well as if you visited 
us here in Dansville—why not do both? There are 5 Kelly Bros., each handling dilVereut departments, 
and we bland back of every shipment. Write for tho Catalog today—It’s worth while. 
KELLY BROS. WHOLESALE NURSERIES. 256 Main St.. DANSVILLE. N. Y. 
You’ll never regret planting Kelly Trees _ J 
More than 25 years our DEPENDABLE TREES have been offered through this paper. The largest 
growers in this and other states vouch for their superior qualities and values. No misleading 
promises or FAKE WHOLESALE PRICES. Our aim as always QUALITY FIRST and DOLLAR FOR DOLLAR 
in values. Buy direct—save agents’profits, useless handling, and exposure. Our customers 
verify our “TRUE TO LABEL” claims. Ask for our catalog. 
Ettab. 1847 H. S. WILEY & SON; Box B, Cayuga, New York 
APPLE TREES—300,000—PEACH TREES 
Trees that will grow anti bear those large, tasty, attractive apples, that you want 
for your table and for which the market bids so high. From splendid parent stock. 
Standard ordwarf. Many varieties. Remarkably low prices.—We offer 300,000 peach 
trees that represent 2S years of untiring selection from productive trees in disease- 
free orchards. Buy direct from us — save money to start with, saving worry when 
trees commence bearing. Low prices. Any quantity. Prompt shipment. 
Guaranteed true-to-namc, hardy and well rooted. Full description in 
our 1915 Fruit Book showing our full line of large and small fruits 
with the latest cultural methods. Free. Write today. 
THE BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO. Box 8 , Ynlezville, Conn. 
A Peach Orchard Insures Your Life 
The owner of a big orchard was asked if he carried life insurance. “No/' 
was the reply. “ Why should I ? I have about five thousand trees. Part 
of them are bearing now; part will bear in a year or two. If the trees are 
given good care, they will net at least $5 each. But, suppose they are 
utterly neglected—not cultivated nor pruned nor sprayed—even then they 
ought to net a dollar a tree every year. No, my money in trees will pro¬ 
duce more than in life insurance.” 
Peach Trees That Pay Dividends 
An orchard of Ray, Elberta, Carman, Champion, Belle of Georgia, 
Greensboro, will pay even in the “off years.” Thoughtful business 
men, especially farmers, should investigate the possibilities of Peach 
growing. Write our Service Department for some facts about 
the profit in fruit-growing. 
' Our 1915 Catalogue Free to You 
This is the best and most helpful book we have ever 
published. Full of facts for experienced fruit-growers 
and amateurs. Send for a copy—it is yours for the 
asking, and is fully as valuable as an expensive 
text-book. 
HARRISONS’NURSERIES 
Largest Growers of Fruit Trees In the Wcrld 
Box 594, BERLIN, MD. 
