396 
'I'l-ItC KUKAL NEWiVORKER 
March 13, 
SAMPLES 
WEEDLESS FIELD SEED 
l 
We are trying: with all our might to furnish ab¬ 
solutely pure. Red, Alsike, Mammoth. Alfalfa 
Timothy, Sweet Clover, and all other lleld seeds> 
with all blasted and immature grains removed' 
tt l lle todnv for free Bomplrs an<l Inst ructions 
•' Ho to to Know Good Seed." 
0. U. S00T1 ii SON, 23 Main St., Marysville, Ohio 
ALFALFA 
AMERICAN NORTHERN GROWN 
Our Fall Book tells how to succeed growing Alfalfa on 
any soil or climate east of the Missouri River; howtosow; 
how to harvest; what to do to retain a perfect meadow. 
We refuse to handle Turkestan or “ Dwarf Alfalfa,” our 
seed is all American grown, guaranteed dodder free and 
09% pure. We can furnish Nebraska, Montana or Dakota 
DSEEDS 
RELIABLE AND TRUE 
Prices Below All Others 
I will give a lot of new 
sorts free with every order I 
fill. Buy and test. Return if 
not O. K.—money refunded. 
Big Catalog FREE 
Over 700 illustrations of vege¬ 
tables and flowers. Send yours 
1 our neighbors’addresses. 
Rockford, Illinois 
and Grimm seed at very moderate prices. 
PDIMAJ Al FAI FA We have the Genuine Grimm 
unimm HLi HLiH as well as Hansen's great new 
Siberian varieties. Also "Dakota 30” and Nebraskaseed. 
AI IT AI CA Dl AkITC A sure and economical way ot 
6tLr it Li H iLHli I O beginning the new hardy va¬ 
rieties. 
CLOVER and GRASSES 
Northern grown and of strongest vitality. We can furnish 
grass mixture suitable for any soils. 
WING’S GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS 
Arc of highest quality that can be produced—fully de¬ 
scribed in our free catalog. Write for it today. 
WING SEED CO., Fox 223 Mechanicsbure, O 
PROFITS— THE SEED 
makes or mars 
your crop. Our FREE catalog is 
a potato “ eye-opener.” 70 varieties. Northern 
grown. Soil perfectly adapted. Smooth, handsome, 
healthy tuhers plus a frost-proof storehouse. WRITE ROW. 
A. G. ALDRIDGE, 10-20, Aldridge Bldg., Fishers, Ontario, Co., N. T. 
Grow More OATS 
Wood's Trade Mark 
Clover and 
Grass Seeds 
are best qualities obtainable, 
of high tested germination 
and purity. 
WOOD’S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOG 
for 1915 gives the fullest in¬ 
formation about Grasses and 
Clovers, best methods of 
preparation, seeding, etc., to 
secure good stands and good 
crops. Mailed on request. 
Write for Catalog, and 
prices of any 
Grass and Clover Seed, 
Seed Grain or Seed 
Potatoes required. 
T. W. WOOD & SONS. 
SEEDSMEN, - Richmond, Va. 
INSIST ON YOUR DEALER 
FURNISHING SEED OATS IN 
BAGS BEARING THIS TAG 
Fancy Redeemed 
SEED OATS 
FROM 
TIOGA MILL & ELEVATOR CO., 
WAVERLY NEW YORK 
FRONT 
Th«e are SELECTED STOCK from which f.!« 
Mb. light oat» and pin oati have been removed leav¬ 
ing only ihe Lew heavy oata. They have been redean* 
ed lo remove foul aeed and dirt and before ahipment 
have been te«tcd lo insure high germinating qualities* * 
If you plant oati to raiae oata and get ihe large*! 
return* for your work and investment, it will pay you 
to plant only aewf that will grow and produce atrong 
plant* f aJ*e and light oaU will not grow, aod pin 
Oata grow pin oata. Good oata with atrong germinat¬ 
ing qualitiea produce atronger plant* insuring Luge* 
return* 
And Alfalfa Guide 
We supply you absolutely free 6amplei 
of our hardy, northern grown seeds. Ou 
CLOVER, TIMOTHY ALFALFA 
seeds are the best that money c m buy; High in 
Purity, Strong in Germination. Abo on request we 
will send you our Alfalfa Guide full of informa¬ 
tion regarding this valuable plant. 
Write today sure for free samples and literature in re¬ 
gard to all field seeds. 
N. WERTHEIMER & SONS. 
Dept K, Ligonlcr, Ind. 
When you write advertisers mention The R. 
N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
"square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Cow Peas, Cantaloupe Seed gf^'joy! 
Delicious, Early Elberta. new and old fruits; low 
prices. Bridueville Nurseries, Myer&Sons. Bridoeville, Del. 
Everbear?n'o' Strawberries 
a success. Circular Free. 
WILLARD B KILLE, Swedesliaro, N. J. 
BOOKS WORTH BUYING 
= = Daw for the American Farmer, Green 1.50 ?* 
II Insects of Farm and Garden, Treat. 1.50 |1 
If Black’s Medical Dictionary . 2.50 Ii 
The Rural New-Yorker, 333 West 30th St„ N. Y. 
Brow the choicest procurable! Grow the oats that 
broke all records for yield per acre and weight per 
bushol. Grow the oat that Is bred especially to 
suit your soil conditions, grow 
CORN BELT OATS (Gartons No. 5) 
Of earliest maturity, with strongest straw and 
thinnest hull. The large berries carry pure white 
grain of richest quality. Write for 
FREE Samples and Illustrated Catalog 
Learn all about our 100 # pure oats and money- 
back guarantee. Write a postcard today. 
Garton-Cooper Seed Co., Bax 123 Sugar Grove, llliooil 
Buy pure seeds at bulk prices. Saul’s Seeds for field, 
garden or flower bed come up right, because carefully 
selected. 
Specialties—Early Eureka,the most productive White Ensilage Corn; 
Yellow Ensilage Corns; Saul's Northern Grown Alfalfa Clover, Lone 
Pod Peas; Every variety of Grain, Vegetable, Garden and Flower 
Seeds. Write for 1915 Annual now and get right ou seed values. 
CHARLES F. SAUL, 227 James Street, Syracuse, N. Y. 
s aui 
315 
seed 
annu 
& 
May all b© kept for on© year on the product of one acre. It is hardly believable. Keeping seven 
co w a f or a whole j ear on one acre goes a long way toward reducing the cost of milk. Rom*’ Eureka Corn 
3 800 lbs. of the best quality of ensilage. Figuring nt the rate of 50 lbs. 
t will f» 
l feed seven cows lor one year and enough 
produced in one year on one acre 70 tous and I 
of ensilage per day, which is a very liberal allowance, this amount i 
left over for 261 feeds. This enormous crop won our $50.00 gold prize. 
We offer $100.00 In ffnld to the flr«t party break Imr thin record vlth Roan’ Eureka Corn. 
Every bag or crate of Eoss^Kureka Corn bears our trade mark—ihe man holding the stalk of corn. We do this 
for your protection, because there has been so much corn sold as Eureka which is not Ross' Eureka and does not 
produce the Game results. 
Ross’Eureka Ensilage Corn 
Grows tallest, has the most leaves, greatest number of ears. The four heaviest acres of this corn in 
one year gave a total yield of 200 tons and 96 lbs., an average of 50 tons and 24 lbs. per acre. This is 
not much above the average yield for Ross’ Eureka Corn if it is planted under favorable conditions. 
Roes'Eureka Corn shelled is always shipped in ourtrade-marked burlap bags and oar corn is shipped 
in rat-proof trade-marked crates holding 70 pounds. Either buy direct of us or some of our agents who 
have the genuine. Write at once for catalogue and quotations. 
ROSS BROS. COMPANY, 57 Front Street, Worcester, Mass, j 
GROUND 
LIME 
STONE 
$1.50 BULK-BAGS $2.50 
WRITE FOR FREIGHT RATES 
ROCK-Cl'T STONE CO. 
531 Union BLlg., Syracuse, N. Y. 
| : Dusting the Apple Orchard : | 
Part II. 
W E may now consider the cost of ap¬ 
plication. tin* time required and so 
forth. These figures are shown in detail 
in the following table, which must he 
10 per cent of arsenate of lead. It will be 
noticed that equally as satisfactory re¬ 
sults were secured with this mixture. 
Standardizing the Process.— It re¬ 
TAP.I.E 1. Data on Time and Methods of Application, Gi.idden Orchard, 
IIolley, New York. 
Bate 
of 
applica¬ 
tion. 
Num¬ 
ber 
of 
trees. 
Material used, and 
strength. 
Quan¬ 
tity 
used. 
Time required. ' 
Cost. 
Cost 
per 
tree. 
Horse. 
Man. 
Machine. 
La¬ 
bor. 
Mate¬ 
rial. 
Total 
cost. 
Hrs. 
Min. 
lira. 
Min. 
lira. 
Min. 
(Lbs.) 
May 13 
43 
1 Sulfur 80. lend nr. 
l 100 
0 
40 
0 
40 
0 
20 
j! .20 
$ 5.28 
$ 5.48 
.1 27 
June 1 
- Kill 
1 
18 
I 
18 
0 
39- 
.39 
8.45 
8.84 
205 
June IS 
43 
1 195 
1 
• 
28 
1 
28 
0 
44 
.44 
10.30 
10.74 
.250 
Totals. 
455 
3 
20 
3 
20 
1 
43 
SI.03 
$24.03 
$25.06 $.582 
May 13 
41 
1 Sulfur 40, lead ar- 
l 80 
~0 
42 
42 
0 
21 
$ .21 
$ 2.27 
$ 2! 48 *.060 
June 1 
41 
> senate 10. gyp- 
4 170 
1 
24 
1 
24 
0 
42 
.42 
4.83 
5.25 
.128 
June 18 
41 
) sum 50. 
1 ltd) 
1 
18 
1 
18 
0 
39 
.39 
4.5-1 
4.93 
.12 
Totals. 
410 
3 
24 
3 
24 
1 
42 
81.02 
$11.04 
$12.06 
$.308 
Lime-sulfur solu- 
Gals. 
May 14 
43 
tion (32°) 2.5 gal- 
(375 
6 
(4) 
0 
00 
3 
00 
$1.80 
$ 3.83 
$ 5.63 
$.131 
June 1 
43 
Ions, lead arsen- 
4 375 
*0 
no 
0 
00 
3 
00 
1.80 
3.as 
5.63 
.131 i 
June 18 
ate 3 pounds. 
(350 
0 
00 
ti 
00 
3 
00 
1.80 
3.57 
5.37 
.124 
and 19 
43 
water to make 
100 gallons. 
Totals. 
1.100 
♦18 
00 
18 
00 
00 
$5.40 
$11.23 
$16.03 $.386 
♦Estimated from careful record taken on time required to treat thirty trees. 
studied carefully. Time- involved is the 
actual time required in the operation, 
not tank-filling, transportation, etc. 
Comparison of Cost. —It is evident 
from the table that the materials for 
dusting are more expensive than those for 
spraying, but that the labor cost for 
spraying is much greater than for dust- 
i iug, so that the cost per tree is much the 
same. It should he noted that the time 
involved is actual time of operation and 
that in spraying the time involved in driv¬ 
ing to and from the orchard and in filling 
the tank is not included. The figures used 
in making the computations are as fol¬ 
lows: Horse labor at 10 cents per hour, 
man labor tit 20 cents per hour, lime- 
sulphur solution at 12 cents per gallon, 
dry arsenate of lead at IS cents per 
pound, sulphur at $2.50 per hundred, 
ground gypsum at $8 per ton. None of 
these is exactly correct, hut they have 
been employed in order to compare with 
the work of previous years. In the case 
of some of the materials the price men¬ 
tioned is an estimate or is based on large 
quantities at shipping point. It will be 
seen from the figures that dusting in this 
orchard was five times as rapid as spray¬ 
ing. In another orchard where the trees 
are smaller and conditions for spraying 
very unusual, dusting was only two and 
one-half times as rapid as spraying. 
Mode of Application. —In all k of the 
work we have regarded it necessary to 
dust every row from both sides. The 
horses have moved at a good gait and no 
stops were made at the trees. The dust 
mixture has been applied with a ma¬ 
chine driven with a 2^ horse-power 
j horizontal gasoline engine. The pho¬ 
tograph on page 332 shows well the out¬ 
fit used and the method of applying the 
mixture by long vertical sweeps of the 
outlet tube. In commercial work it would 
be desirable to drive with the wind and 
against it. In that way the mixture can 
be kept off team and operator and the 
wind assists in bringing about perfect dis¬ 
tribution. The applications have b en 
made at any time of day and no particu¬ 
lar attention has been given to the pres¬ 
ence of moisture on the foliage. It is be¬ 
lieved that the hairs on fruit and leaf 
are sufficient to hold the mixture, hut that 
dew aids in gelatinizing the lead arsenate 
of the mixture and thus increases adhe¬ 
siveness. 
Mixture Used. — The mixture used 
most has consisted of 20 per cent pow¬ 
dered lead arsenate and 80 per cent re¬ 
fined sulphur flour. The sulphur is ex¬ 
ceedingly finely ground, and at least 95 
per cent of it will pass a screen of 200 
meshes to the inch. This is very much 
finer than the usual grade of flour or of 
the sublimed flowers of sulphur. Dusting 
mixtures containing the above ingredients 
are already offered on the market, but 
they can readily he made by individual 
growers themselves. In dusting mixture 
No. 2. mentioned in the table. 50 per 
cent of the mixture is filler composed of 
finely powdered gypsum, and tin re is only 
mains to be determined whether there is 
any advantage in using such a mixture 
or whether half as much material of the 
pure ingredients is not equally satisfac¬ 
tory. It will be noted that nearly three 
pounds of the dust mixtures were applied 
per tree each time. A standardization of 
the whole process will doubtless follow, 
hut for the present the grower who wishes 
to use the dry method will have to expe¬ 
riment for himself. It will be better t<» 
use an excess of material rather than use 
too little. An 80-20 mixture applied at 
the rate of one to 1% pounds per tree 
each application should prove effective; 
likewise an application of three pounds of 
40-10-50 mixture should prove equally ef¬ 
fective ; perhaps the safest mixture for 
trial in 1915 would he the pure ingred¬ 
ients 85 parts exceedingly finely ground 
sulphur, 15 parts powdered arsenate of 
lead, applying 1% to three pounds per 
tree each time. 
Protecting The Operator. —Anyone 
using a dusting mixture containing sul¬ 
phur should plan to protect his eyes from 
the dust. A slight quantity of sulphur in 
the eyes may cause them to smart severe¬ 
ly until the sulphur dust works out aud 
is wiped from the lids with a handker¬ 
chief. In case of necessity, this should 
be done at short intervals until the sul¬ 
phur is all removed. The eyes may easily 
be protected, however, by securing a pair 
of goggles such as are used by autoinobil- 
ists. It is essential that the goggles fit 
rightly about the eyes. These provided 
with a rim of soft wool felt to exclude 
dust are the best. The danger from 
breathing dust seems to be rather slight. 
In commercial work there is little excuse 
for inhaling any appreciable quantity of 
the mixture and since the mixture is low 
in poison the danger is remote. On the 
other hand every precaution should be 
taken to avoid breathing the dust. Many 
chemical houses manufacture arsenate of 
lead and place it on the market in pow¬ 
dered form. The lead must be very fine 
and free from grit else it will not stick 
to the trees. The exceedingly fine sulphur 
has been prepared especially for these 
experiments and at the present writing 
can he had only in the commercial dust 
mixtures. 
Suggestions From The Experiments. 
—The above experiments have been con¬ 
ducted with the needs of the commercial 
orehardist in mind. It appears, however, 
that the application of the method has a 
much wider range of usefulness. Per¬ 
haps half of the bearing apple trees in 
the State stand in back yards or in the 
home orchard. These receive little care 
in the way of spraying on account of the 
nuisance of keeping spraying machines 
in order and the rush of other farm work 
at spraying times. For such orchards the 
use of the dry method should prove very 
popular. One man, one horse hitched to 
the democrat, a hand-dusting machine and 
some dust mixture would soon end the ca¬ 
reer of depredating insects and parasitic 
fungi. To make the dusting method per- 
( Concluded on page 399.) 
