338 
THE K IJ A. L, NEW-YORKEK 
March 13, 
Starting the Flower Garden 
T JIE average garden depends largely 
on flowering plants raised from seed. 
This gives a good show for a small 
initial outlay, and may be varied exten¬ 
sively from year to year. 
Pansies.—To give early flowers, these 
should be sown in July and August, in 
ihe open ground, and carried over Win¬ 
ter under a mulch. They are, however, 
very commonly sown in Spring with 
good results, any time from the first of 
February to April under glass, or 
in the open ground when freezing is over. 
To start in greenhouse, hotbed or window, 
sow in shallow boxes or pans, in very 
fine rich soil. Cover just about one- 
fourth inch deep, and press the surface 
flat with a board. Water carefully with 
a- fine rose or atomizer, and d.o not let 
the surface dry out. The seed germinates 
quickly, and in about three weeks the 
little seedlings are ready to transplant 
into another pan, setting them an inch 
apart. The most convenient method of 
transplanting any small seedlings is to 
"prick them out,” as a florist would say, 
using a stick the thickness of a lead pen¬ 
cil, sharpened to a smooth point. This 
is inserted in the soil at one side of the 
seedling, which is taken up with little 
disturbance of the root, and then at 
once reset with the same instrument. 
The pansies are started at a tempera¬ 
ture of 65 deg., but as soon as they start 
to grow they should receive plenty of air, 
and be well hardened off before they are 
set outside. They may need a second 
transplanting before they are finally set 
out, as they must not be allowed to be¬ 
come spindly. In addition to the ordin¬ 
ary pansies, the home garden should al¬ 
ways include some of the tufted pansies 
(Viola eornuta) which are very hardy, 
starting into growth as soon as snow is 
off, and continuing to flower long after 
everything else is gone. These sugges¬ 
tions apply to the small home garden, 
though experience acquired in this way 
may be applied to frame-grown pansies 
for market. 
Asters (we mean China asters, which 
are not entitled to that name botanical- 
ly) are best started under glass, and in¬ 
deed must be for early and main-season 
flowers, but medium and late varieties 
may be sown in the open ground. They 
may be sown from early May to mid- 
.lune, in a somewhat sheltered position. 
The seed-bed should be carefully pre¬ 
pared, rich ground, finely worked. A 
dusting of lime or wood ashes, worked 
iuto the drills, is desirable, and thin 
muslin shading is advisable during ger¬ 
mination, as it prevents a crust from 
forming over the seedlings. Rich, well- 
drained soil is required by asters; the 
tall sorts should be set 12 inches apart, 
medium 10 inches, and the little Tom 
Thumb varieties six inches apart. 
Sweet Peas.—These are ordinarily 
sown early in rows five feet apart, seeds 
two to three inches apart in tin* row. 
Put the seeds two inches deep in a shal¬ 
low furrow, and hoe more soil over them 
as they grow; they should be deeply 
rooted. The soil should be rich and well 
prepared. An application of lime and 
hone dust, one-half pound of each to the 
square yard, worked into the upper six 
inches of the soil before the seed is sown, 
is desirable. Either brush or wire net¬ 
ting may be used for support. Sweet peas 
are sometimes sown in the Fall with good 
results; they must be put in as early in 
Spring as the ground is workable. Plenty 
of water is needed during a drought; 
weak manure water once a fortnight is 
helpful. Cut the flowers freely; if many 
are allowed to form pods the plants soon 
go out of bloom. 
Sweet Alyssum.—This is a regular 
weed when once started, for it self-sows 
freely, and many of the little plants win¬ 
ter over and come into bloom early the 
succeeding season. However, it is so 
sweet, and so desirable for edging, that 
every garden has a place for it. Start 
indoors, or sow in open border as soon 
as danger of frost is over. Almost every 
seedsman carries some improved varie¬ 
ties, that are freer in bloom, and less 
weedy in growth, than the original. 
Candytufts (Iberis) both annual and 
perennial, suggest the sweet alyssum in 
habit of growth, but the flowers are 
larger, ami may be obtained in crimson 
and rose, as well as white. They form 
bushy little plants four to six inches high, 
admirable for edging. 
Nasturtiums.—These are sown outside 
after all danger of frost is over. The 
dwarf varieties come into bloom lirst, 
but the handsomest flowers are usually 
produced by the climbing sorts, which 
are not as profuse in blooming. Every 
garden needs both dwarf and climbing 
nasturtiums, the latter being very desir¬ 
able as a covering for rough fences or 
rockeries. Give them a sunny location. 
Sunflowers.—Many flower lovers are 
unacquainted with the dwarf branching 
sunflowers, varieties of Helianthus cu- 
cumerifolius. They form bushy plants 
three to four feet high, blooming from 
June until frost; the flowers, three to 
four inches across, single and double, 
borne on long stems, which makes them 
very desirable for cutting. Some look 
just like black-eyed Susans, others are 
pale lemon with dark eye; some creamy 
white. Sow as soon as danger of frost is 
over, in a warm sunny place. They self¬ 
sow to some extent, and we always find 
some sturdy volunteer plants in the 
Spring. 
Zinnias and Marigolds.—These are 
cheerful friends that repay the least pos¬ 
sible care with abundant bloom, and give 
ample material for cutting. Both of 
them may be sown in a nursery bed and 
transplanted later to fill the vacancies 
left by early-flowering bulbs. The Zin¬ 
nias need a little more care in trans¬ 
planting than the marigolds, either 
French or African. Do not buy mixed 
Zinnias; you are sure to get too many 
washy magentas, that “swear” at the 
vivid red and orange blooms, and also 
some poor greenish whites. Indeed, we 
had the misfortune last year to sow a 
packet of Zinnia seed supposed to be 
orange that was about 50 per cent, ma¬ 
genta, and as the plants were set with 
golden marigolds the effect was painful. 
There are some very fine deep crimson 
Zinnias. 
Dahlias.—Single Dahlias, sown in the 
open border after danger of frost is over, 
are extremely attractive and fine for cut¬ 
ting. Select a warm exposure, with well- 
tilled, friable soil. 
Mignonette must be sown early, and 
if it is possible to make several succes¬ 
sive sowings the season of bloom is great¬ 
ly prolonged. The giant types developed 
for greenhouse culture cannot be expect¬ 
ed to give the same results out of doors, 
and we buy the five-cent packets of the 
standard fragrant sort. Rome of the 
“giants” are not very sweet, and it is 
the honeyed fragrance we grow mignon¬ 
ette for. E. T. B. 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK. 
DOMESTIC—Governor Henderson of 
Alabama signed the child labor bill. Feb. 
27. said to be the most stringent measure 
for protection of working children that 
has ever been passed by a Legislature in 
any State. It prohibits employment of 
children under fourteen in any gainful 
occupation after October 1, 1916. Em¬ 
ployment of children under thirteen is 
Xirohibited now. 
Between 90 and 95 men are believed 
to have been killed in a mine explosion 
at Layland, W. Va., March 3. After 14 
hours of rescue work, only 18 men of 
171 entombed had been taken out. Eight 
of these were dead. The other ten were 
unconscious and had broken limbs. Gas 
caused tin* explosion, and the fumes, ac¬ 
cording to the best belief at present, 
caused the greater part of the death toll. 
The committee which managed the 
campaign for Territorial Senator for An¬ 
drew Anderson, a candidate in the elec¬ 
tion held at Nome, Alaska. March 2, an¬ 
nounced that it would contest the elec¬ 
tion on the ground that there was whole¬ 
sale voting of Eskimos. 
Indictments against the Ilamburg- 
American Line, Dr. Carl Buenz, resident 
director and general manager of the com¬ 
pany in New York, and four other offi¬ 
cials and former employes of the line 
were handed down, March 1, by the Fed¬ 
eral Grand Jury. Conspiracy to defraud 
the United States by obtaining clearance 
papers for vessels leaving the Port of 
New York upon false representations of 
the nature of the cargoes and the destin¬ 
ation of the ships were the charges spe¬ 
cified. The indictments charge that the 
fraud was perpetrated in false manifests 
and false destinations given to get clear¬ 
ance papers for the steamships Lorenzo 
and Berwind. They are supposed to 
have coaled the German cruisers Karls¬ 
ruhe, Dresden and Cap Trafalgar. The 
Lorenzo was captured in the act and con¬ 
demned by a British prize court. 
The Mississippi Supreme Court upheld, 
March 1, the May-Mott-Lewis law pro¬ 
hibiting the keeping of intoxicants in so¬ 
cial clubs. 
The Indian situation at Bluff, Utah, 
took a graver turn, March 1. when a 
band of supposedly friendly Utes, com¬ 
posed of 106 bucks, squaws and children, 
made a strenuous protest against being 
moved from this section, their ancestral 
hunting ground, to the southern Ute re¬ 
servation. These Indians have never 
been placed on a reservation by the gov¬ 
ernment and are extremely antagonistic 
to the move. They were being brought 
from tin* neighborhood of Butler Wash 
where Old Polk and his outlaw Piutes 
are fortified, but did not know that it 
was the intention of the Indian authori¬ 
ties to place them on a reservation. 
When they learned that such was the in¬ 
tended plan their leaders assumed an 
ugly attitude and declared that rather 
than go on a reservation they would re¬ 
sist such an attempt and join the hostile 
Piutes. 
'i bombs in the homes of Andrew Carnegie, 
* John D. Rockefeller. Jr., John I). Rocke¬ 
feller, Sr., and other wealthy men. 
i $ Three indictments charging the illegal 
transportation of dynamite were re¬ 
turned by the Federal Grand Jury at 
Boston, ISftirch 3, against Werner Horn, 
the German, who attempted to destroy the 
international railway bridge at Vanee- 
boro. Me., on February 2. The maximum 
penalty of the offence is eighteen months’ 
imprisonment and a fine of .$2,000. Horn 
was arrested, March 6, on his release 
from the jail at Machias, Me., where he 
was serving a sentence of 30 days for 
damaging property at Vanceboro. 
FARM AND GARDEN.—An absolute 
embargo against the shipment through 
Pennsylvania of cattle from any district 
outside the Rtate in which the foot-and- 
mouth disease is prevalent has been es¬ 
tablished by order of the Rtate Live 
Rtock Sanitary Board. Cattle from Chi¬ 
cago and other infected districts cannot 
now be shipped through this State to 
New York or any other point east of 
Pennsylvania. 
Gov. Whitman announced, March 1, 
that he had received the resignation of 
Calvin .7. Huson, New York Rtate Com¬ 
missioner of Agriculture, to become ef¬ 
fective as soon as his successor is named. 
The Governor has virtually offered the 
place to ox-Commissioner Raymond A. 
Pearson, who resigned to permit Gov. 
Dix to name Mr. Iluson. Mr. Pearson 
is now head of the Iowa Rtate Agricul¬ 
tural College. 
Michigan is considering a law putting 
a bounty of 10 cents a head on rats. It 
is said that the vermin are multiplying 
at an extraordinary rate, and causing 
heavy loss by their depredations. 
WASHINGTON.'—Providing for two 
battleships, five large seagoing submar¬ 
ines and sixteen coast defence submar¬ 
ines. the naval appropriation bill passed 
the Renate, Feb. 26, with a total of about 
$152,000,000. The building programme, 
especially the twenty-one submarines, is 
considerably larger than that provided by 
the bill as it passed the House and the 
differences will be threshed out in con¬ 
ference. 
The La Follette seaman's bill, as 
amended in conference, was passed by the 
Renate, Fob. 27. The bill now needs only 
the President’s signature to make it a 
law, but it was rumored in Congress cir¬ 
cles that the President would veto the 
bill on the ground that it interfered ser¬ 
iously with existing treaties between tin* 
United States and foreign nations. The 
bill requires vessels already built for over¬ 
sea trade to carry enough lifeboats for 
75 per cent, of the passengers and crew 
and enough life rafts for the remaining 
25 per cent. 
In a hasty effort to shut aside the Me- 
Cumber plan for a system of rural cre¬ 
dits, which was attached to the agricul¬ 
tural appropriation bill, the majority 
leaders of the Senate brought from the 
Banking and Currency Committee, Feb. 
27, a favorable report on the Hollis rural 
credits plan. This was done with tin* 
idea of inducing the House to accept the 
Hollis plan and substituting it for the 
McCumber plan when the measure goes 
to conference. The Hollis bill, which 
was approved by the Renate committee, 
does not call for government aid. It 
authorizes the establishment of a system 
of rural credits as a subsidiary to the 
Federal Reserve system by the'appoint¬ 
ment by the Reserve Board of a farm loan 
commissioner, who shall have supervision 
over the federal land banks and national 
farm loan associations which may be or¬ 
ganized under the act. 
March 3 a man was captured in St. 
Patrick’s Cathedral, New York, during 
seven o’clock mass, attended by 700 per¬ 
sons, in the act of igniting the fuse of a 
bomb concealed under his coat. The man 
with the bomb was Frank Abarno, a 
young anarchist associated with the 
Bresei group. He, with Charles Carbone, 
not yet in his 20s, who later was arrested 
in his home, had planned the attack on 
the cathedral. Later, according to their 
own statements, they were going to place 
COLLINS* 
Garden & 
Contains most practi- 
— . cal, money-saving group 
rard Guide offers on fruit trees, berry 
plants, small 
fruits, asparagus roots and 
decorative plants, etc. 
MONEY-MAKING STOCK 
at MONEY-SAVING PRICES 
SNAPDRAGON 
My specialty. 
—is the coniine garden llower. 
Blossoms entire season. Postal 
for list of.ehoiee new varieties. 
S. RAMSBURG, Somers worth, N. H. 
r 
REES at Half Agents Prices 
A Some Collections offered iu ourCataloc: 
WlO Assorted Peach Troes, 3 to 4 feot, for 60c. 
12 Assorted Grape Vines, 2-year, No. 1. for 60c. 
10 Assorted Flowering Shrubs, 2-year, for||$1.35. 
6 Assorted Dwarf Trees, 2-year, 4 to 6 feet, SI .00. 
Send for GERriKlKD (tKOWKK.S Free Catalog sliowimr 
affidavit and Photographs of 800,000 Fruit Trees In 
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250 000 Fi , m ? (irown Apple Trees. 2-.vears 
’ old, 6 to 7 ft., 10 cents each, 5 to C ft., 7 
cents; 4 to 5 ft., 5 cents. ThonsandspfpeAch.es. 
plums, cherries, Quinces, pears and a general line 
ot small fruits and ornamental stock at prices that 
are right. Finn’s Trees have stood the test. 
y t’uer from the mail who lias grown his own trees 
lor 23 years, and save agent s commissions. Send 
for tree catalogue. JOHN W. FINN, Whole¬ 
sale Nurseries, Dausville, N. Y. liox 144. 
■»ii ii ii n imiiiiniiiiuniiniiiuiniiiiuiiiuiiimuiiiuiimiiniiiiiii»iiiiiii iiiqfi U) l in nim«i»«»M..M....^ 
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Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio 
Will send 100 blooming bulbs of the f 
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$1.00, 50 at same rate, Also fine mixed I 
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GRAFTED ENGLISH 
WALNUTS 
My HARDY PENNSYLVANIA 
DROWN TREES grafted on the 
BLAOK WALNUT STOCK are 
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ami abundantly. Also HARDY 
PECAN trees,. Write for at¬ 
tractive catalogue. 
J. F. JONES, The Nut Tree 
Specialist, Lancaster, l’a. 
This Complete Guide is Free— 
send for it today. 
ARTHUR J. COLLINS 
Box 31, Moorestown, N. J. 
TREES 
♦ -4--F 4 
i 
Fruit and Ornamental; 
Shrubs; Vines; Roses; 
Hedge; Berries, etc. 
A complete assortment for every planting purpose— 
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BUY FROM THE GROWER 
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ESTABLISHED 1869 
GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO. 
20 Maple Street, Dansville, N. Y. 
MILLIONS of TREES 
PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. 
The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in 
Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable 
I. E. ILGENFRITZ 7 SONS CO. 
THE MONROK NURSERY. Monroe, Mkii. 
FRUIT TREES 
I’irst-class. True to N me. No Disease. We 
PAY FREIGHT OR EXPRESS to your Station 
and Guarantee Satisfaction. A full line of Nur¬ 
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NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, 
Box 25, New Haven, Missouri. 
DWARF 
TREES 
APPLE 
PEAR 
PLUM 
CHERRY 
PEACH 
THEY HEAR LIKE THIS 
Our FREE CATALOGUE tells 
you all about them. Write for it. 
The Van Dusen Nurseries 
IIox T, Geneva, N. Y. 
APPLE TREES 
EACH 2c EACH 
2 to It fetrt bljfU.... ..each 
It to 4 feet hijrh. Do each 
4 to 6 feet hlgii.4c each 
4 to & feet high.&0 each 
5 to 6 feet high .6c each 
Nice, smooth, weli grown, true to name. 
Full list of Commercial aorta.—Box M 
WESTERN NURSERY IML, LAWRENCE, KAN. 
T 
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> GO 
For Health]/, Reliable, Satisfactory 
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OUR CATALOG IS OUR ONLY AGENT 
207 Concord Road, Bedford, Mass. 
& 
FRUIT TREES 
Are you in need of Fruit, Shade or Or¬ 
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FRUIT BOOK 
118 COLORED 
PAGES FREE 
as a premium lo our customers. 110 Varieties of 
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details. THOMAS E. SHEERIN’, Nurseryman, 
HI Main Street, Dansville, N. Y. 
Fruit Book 
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DENTON, WILLIAMS A DENTON 
W holesole Nurseries 180 Elm St., DANSVILLE, N.T 
T rees—Roses—V ines 
in small or large lots at wholesale 
prices. Catalog ami Green's Fruit 
Book— FREK. Green’s Nursery Co. 
22 Wall St., Rochester, N Y. 
450,000 TREES 
200 varieties. Also Grapes, Small Fruits, etc. Best rooted 
stock. Genuine, cheap. ~ sample currants—10c. Descriptive 
price list free. Lewis Roesch, Box L, Fredonia, N. Y 
I&78 Grown Right.Handled Right 1915 
3.000,000 fruit trees. 4c each and up: 5.000.000 
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TKAILU V.A1ALUU iwDn i. 
KINGBR0THERSNURSERIES, • Oak St 
D ansville, N. Y. **lt*8 cheapest to buy the best” 
NATIVE CVCRP.HCCN?- Hemlock,American Spruce, 
11A lift tltnunccno Arbor Vitae, White Pine, 
Palsam Fir. (i to 12 inches, $5.50 per 1,000; 5,000 for 
$25, f o b. Also transplanted evergreens. Write for 
price list. The Janies A. Root Nurseries. Skaneateles, N. Y 
