Xiitc RURAL REW-VURKRR 
457 
'11115. 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKEER, March 20, 1915. 
FARM TOPICS. 
Water in Plant and Animal Life.431, 432 
What Form of Lime.• • .*** 
-Black Alkali” in Western Soil.432 
What to Do With Bones. 
Use Manure on Corn ...4d2 
Phosphoric Acid on Clay Soils..... .. 
Working The Harrow With the Plow.433 
Is a Manure Spreader Profitable!.433 
Cover Crops and Flint Corn . 
Vetch and Buckwheat. 
Humus lor Starved Meadow . 
Grass Seed With Peas and Oats. ..437 
Getting Close to the Consumer. Part 1.438 
The Production of Onion Sets."r 
Homemade Potato Flour .Jrr 
Use of Potato Flour.. YaV'aao 
Potatoes for South America .441, 442 
How We Dried Potatoes. 
Renewing a Meadow .444 
Will This Kill Quack Grass.444 
Hope Farm Notes . 440 
Government Grain —eports... 
Gamble in Farming .44» 
Food Value of Soy Beans.456 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY. 
Poultry Shipments and the Quarantine 
Zebu Brahmin Cattle . 
From Far-off Nevada . 
Bitter Cream . 
Cow's Milk for Lambs. 
Cow Testing in Ohio . 
The Square Silo . 
Trouble With Silage ... 
Improving Old Silage ... 
Medicinal Value of Pumpkin. 
Test for Oleomargarine . 
Lazy Horse .. 
Cough . 
Sweating Horse . 
Milklessness . 
Indigestion ... 
New England Milk Situation. 
Silage for Pigs . 
Pasture for Hogs . 
Feeding Problems . 
Ration for Dairy Cows . 
Feeding Ewes .. 
Care of the Brood Sow. 
Damp Henhouse . 
Prepotency of Male . 
Shrink in Laying . 
The Hen Contest . 
Yarded Hens . 
Standard and Utility Poultry. 
Coal Stove Brooder ..... 
Cottonseed Meal for Hens. 
Fertility of Eggs . 
Growth in Fowls’ Throat . 
Stove-heated Brooder . 
Loss of Eggs . 
Permanganate of Potash . 
Pullets Do Not Lay . 
Hens Eat Droppings . 
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HORTICULTURE. 
Pruning Injured Trees .434 
Crop to Follow Strawberries.434 
A Dentist Extracts Peach - orers.434 
Care of Russet Apples .434 
Bartlett Pears on Sod .434 
The Dorset Pear . 434 
Gardening in Its Infancy. Part II.435 
Rapid-growing Shade Trees .436 
Growth of Evergreens .437 
Propagating California Privet .440 
Beats the Cow .440 
Controlling the Rose Aphis .442 
Cold Frames in Starting Tomatoes.444 
Narcissus Grown in Pot .447 
English Walnut Grafted on Black Walnut... .447 
Trouble With Geraniums .447 
Grafting Pecans .447 
Cost of Growing Apples .449 
WOMAN AND HOME. 
From Day to Day .450 
The Rural Patterns .460 
Seen in New York Shops.450 
Dishes for Luncheon .460 
House-cleaning Time. Part II.451 
Embroidery Designs .451 
Best Yet” Lemon Pie .451 
German Potato Pancakes .451 
Fish and Meat Food Values .451 
More About Potatoes .461 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
Some Recent Bulletins .442 
Bill of Sale .445 
Estate Questions .445 
Property Matters .445 
Administration of Estate .446 
Editorials .448 
Who Gets the Pie! .449 
Co-operative Work in Nova Scotia.449 
Now York State News .449 
Events of the Week .455 
Water Supply for Ice Pond.460 
Concrete Air Pressure Tanks .460 
Paint for Old Building .460 
Publisher’s Desk .466 
Tests for Oleomargarine. 
H OW can we distinguish butter from 
oleomargarine? What test is there? 
New Jersey. m. r. b. 
The following simple tests for dis¬ 
tinguishing between butter and oleomar¬ 
garine have been in use for some time, 
und serve fairly well. 
Test No. 1.—Melt in separate test 
tubes or vials, about an ounce of the 
suspected substance and an ounce of 
butter of known purity. Hold the tubes 
at a temperature around 150 deg. Fahr. 
until the water,, salt and casein in the 
substances have settled to the bottom of 
the tubes. The pure butter will give a 
clear, transparent oil, while oleomargar¬ 
ine or renovated butter will give an oil 
more or less cloudy. 
No. 2. Spoon Test.—Over a flame 
about one inch high, from either an al¬ 
cohol lamp, gas jet, or kerosene lamp, 
heat in a teaspoon a quantity of the 
substance about the size of a chestnut. 
Heat slowly until melted. Then heat un¬ 
til it boils. Note the amount of foam 
t hat gathers on the surface of the boil¬ 
ing fat, and compare it with the amount 
that collects upon the same amount of 
butter similarly heated. Very little 
foam will form on the surface of oleomar¬ 
garine or renovated butter, as the bub¬ 
bles which come to the surface break al¬ 
most immediately. With pure butter 
quite a large amount of foam will form. 
These two tests serve to distinguish 
butter from renovated butter and oleo¬ 
margarine. In case one desires to dis¬ 
tinguish between oleomargarine on the 
one hand, and butter or renovated butter 
on the other, the following test may be 
used. It is known as the Waterhouse 
test. 
Fill a pint tin cup one-half full of 
skimmed milk, and heat nearly to boiling. 
Place a piece, about the size of a butter¬ 
nut, of the sample to be tested in the hot 
milk, and let it remain until melted. Set 
the cup in a pan of ice water containing 
ice and stir the fat in the milk briskly 
by a rotary motion with a small wooden 
splinter, a little larger in diameter than 
a match. When the fat finally begins to 
harden, the stirring being continued, it 
may readily bo gathered into a mass at 
the center, or in a lump on the end of 
the splinter, if the substance is oleomar¬ 
garine. Kutterfat or renovated butter 
similarly treated will not gather so read¬ 
ily, but will lloat on the surface of the 
milk, spread out rather uniformly in 
small particles. The spoon test is the 
simpler to make, and has always given 
fairly good results. To become proficient 
in making these tests, the operator should 
perform them, using samples of butter 
and oleomargarine at the same time, thus 
being enabled to compare their behavior. 
Cornell University. H. C. troy. 
Free Labor Bureau. 
T HE Labor Bureau, maintained by the 
Herman Society of the City of New 
York, and the Irish Emigrant So¬ 
ciety, is a free market for immigrant la¬ 
bor open to all employers throughout the 
United States. 
1. While maintained by the societies 
named above, immigrants of all nation¬ 
alities are equally privileged in the Bu¬ 
reau ; and due attention is given to an 
employer’s preference in this respect. 
2. This office charges no fees or com¬ 
mission of any sort to employer or im¬ 
migrant. It furnishes not only domestic 
help, agricultural or unskilled labor but 
also all kinds of skilled laborers, me¬ 
chanics, artisans, etc. 
3. Land speculators are excluded from 
the privilege of the Labor Bureau and all 
propositions looking to the sale or leas¬ 
ing of land to immigrants will be re¬ 
jected. 
4. Employers applying at this office 
must furnish satisfactory references. 
Agents must be duly authorized by their 
principals and bo well recommended. 
5. This office does not make contracts 
for immigrants with the employer; it 
does not fix the amount of wages nor 
the time of service, nor prescribe any 
other condition of the contract; it leaves 
all these matters to be settled by the vol¬ 
untary agreement of the parties imme¬ 
diately interested, and assists them only 
by giving needful information and ad¬ 
vice. 
G. Employers must in all cases provide 
for the transportation of the employees 
to their respective places of destination. 
If the means sufficient to pay travelling 
expenses are remitted to this office with 
the request to send hired help to the ap¬ 
plicant, we shall see that the employee 
is properly started on his journey. Due 
diligence will be used to execute such re¬ 
quests; but employers are made aware 
that delay may unavoidably occur— 
either through increased demand advanc¬ 
ing wages beyond rate fixed by employer 
—the falling of supply—or difficulty of 
securing suitable persons with sufficient 
baggage to protect the employer against 
loss of travelling expenses. In such ap¬ 
plication employers should state distinct¬ 
ly the description of labor required, the 
nationality prefered and the rate of 
wages proposed. Remittance to this of¬ 
fice should be made in National Currency, 
Post Office Order, or Checks on a New 
York City Bank. 
To secure the arrival of employees, we 
shall, where it is possible, have their bag¬ 
gage checked through to destination, and 
the checks sent by mail or express to the 
employer. When through checking of the 
baggage is not feasible it will be forward¬ 
ed by express. w. n. meara, Supt. 
15 Pearl St., New York. 
Flint Bertjusca Pauline No. 175- 
817 has broken the record for fat pro¬ 
duction in the senior two-year class of 
the 30-day division by producing in 30 
consecutive days 93.470 pounds of fat 
from 2,480.5 pounds of milk. She fresh¬ 
ened on January 10 at the age of two 
years, 11 mouths, 12 days. She is a 
Holstein and was bred and is now owned 
by D. D. Aitken of Michigan. She dis¬ 
places Queen Piebe Mercedes No. 154610 
whose record for 30 days is 93,388 pounds 
of fat from 2,293.2 pounds of milk. 
Fresh grade llolsteins bring from $80 
to $110 at sales. Milk was four and one- 
eighth cents during anuary at the 
creamery. This is a dairy district, about 
all the farmers sell milk. Stores sell but¬ 
ter at present for 41 cents. Potatoes, 
60 cents wholesale, were 50 cents in the 
Fall. Apples dull; corn, $1.16 per hun¬ 
dred on the ear. Oats, GO; hay, $12.50 
per ton. a. f. m. 
Sussex County. N. J. 
^ ~ Feed Your Stock on 
2>ave brain: Syro and Stover 
I F you have roughage on your farm that stock refuse to 
eat, you can turn it into splendid fattening feed. Take 
the stover and straw—cut it up—and pour Syro ovei 
it according to directions. Stock will eat it hungrily— 
they will put on flesh—coats get sleek—and you’ll keep 
them free from worms. 
Mix Your Own Feed—IT PAYS! 
No need to buy feed If you bare straw or stover. Your stover and J5 worth of 
Syro will make a ton of rich molasses feed that would cost you S30to2B (de¬ 
livered) from a dealer. 
Fattens Horses, Cattle, Hogs and Sheep 
You can produce beef, mutton and pork at very little cost by using Syro—» 
pure concentrated sugar cane molasses that can't cause diarrhoea. It rets your 
stock fat just like the help on Southern cane farms get fat at sugar-making time. 
A prominent Dairy and Food Commissioner says it undoubtedly. 
^ greatly increases the flow of milk. One user reports an increase 
of two quarts more milk a day when feeding Syro. Another farmer^, 
writes that it puts 2 pounds a day on his sboats. Two horses gained 
95 and 104 pounds in four weeks when fed on Syro and 6tovcr in¬ 
stead of grain—improved so, they didn’t look like the same animals. 
What a State Veterinarian Says: J. G. Ferneyhough, 
Virginia State Veterinarian says: “A horse will fatten faster, look 
better, and at the same time do more and better work on a pint of 
molasses plus five ears of corn, than he will on ten ears of corn 
three times a day without the molasses.” 
2Lc a Day Feeds and Fattens Stock 
Send $1 for 5 Gallon Can —- Lasts 40 Days 
Syro is sold in 57 gallon barrels for $8.50. Shipped from our dia- 
tributhig warehouse in Now York or Boston. If you wish to t«-st 
8yr<» before buying, aend $1 for a 5 gallon ran —enough to last a horse 
or cow <10 days. If Syro doesn’t improve your stock, return can and 
your money refunded. If Syro is so satisfactory ami you want a 
barrel, we’ll refund the freight on the can with yourflrtt- barrel order 
THE SYRO CO., 81 Ship Yards, Richmond, Virginia 
Note These Low Wholesale Prices 
on high grade Century Rubber Roofing 
25 YR. GUARANTEE 
Price per roll, laid down at any R. R. 8tation East of 
Mississippi River and North of the Ohio River (FREIGHT 
PREPAID on 3 rolls or more) 
1. ib. $1.10 U\i. $1.30 Srtt $1.50 
In Missouri and Iowa add 5 cents per roll. 
Correspondingly low prices to other states. These prices 
for IMMEDIATE shipment. Send for FREE SAMPLE 
or order direct from this ad. Save 25< to 40. Nomill 
ends. Every roll ONE PIECE, 108 sq. ft. Satisfaction 
or money back. 
CENTURY MFC. CO. 
SX Tribune Bldg., New York, N. Y. 
G Katherine Bldg. East St. Louis, Ill, 
THE FREDERICK COUNTY LIME 
& FERTILIZER SPREADER 
The Spreader you will 
Eventually Buy. 
Write for 
Circular. 
The Spreader that Spreads Regu¬ 
larly under all conditions. Lime and 
fertilizers are expensive, therefore apply them 
evenly with a Frederick County Spreader and 
Save Money. 
W00DSB0R0 LIME SPREADER CO. 
Main Office, Dept O. lialtlmore, Md. 
T HE concrete silo 
is air tight, water 
tight, fireproof, 
II, and everlasting. It 
maintains an even tem- 
^ perature, thus allowing 
$||§r the . ensilage to retain 
the natural and essen¬ 
tial heat. 
Many an expense-proof silo has been built 
of Lehigh Cement Concrete. Specify 
for your silo or for any structure you in¬ 
tend to build. 
See the Lehigh Dealer- 
He will give you helpful information and 
co-operate with you in your plans for 
building or remodeling. 
Lehigh Portland Cement Co. 
Chicago, 111. Allentown, Pa. Spokane, Wn. 
12 Mills — Annual Capacity Over 12,000,000 Barrels 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply 
and a “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
