Contents 
IHE RURAL NEW-YORKER, April 3, 1915. 
FARM TOPICS. 
lvfnvinir Large Farm Buildings .511 
Shall It Be Small Farm or Bonds.512 
Tim Use of Liquid Manure.512 
Who Is the "Scientific Farmer?”.513 
A Small Beet Pulp Drier .513 
Know Your Seed Corn.516 
V. hat to Do With Rye .518 
Growing Peas and Oats .518 
Cow Peas and Field Peas .518 
Flight After the Consumer’s Dollar. Part III.519 
Disgruntled Back-to-the-lander .520 
Shall He Burn the Pasture..521 
Burning Rubbish .. 521 
Burn the Dry Crab Grass.522 
Lima Beans in California .524 
Drilling Canada Peas .524 
Lve for Fertilizer .525 
No Fun About Handling Lime.525 
Glue Method of Inoculating Alfalfa.525 
Experience With Commercial Bacteria.525 
Wet Ashes: Spring-sown Cover Crops.525 
Clover Seed on Snow.525 
Hope Farm Notes .526 
Different Breeds of Bacteria .527 
Unrest Among Minnesota Farmers.529 
Grain Stocks and Movements.529 
Good Progress on a Rented Farm.537 
The Help Problem . 537 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY. 
Hogs in Brush Lot . 622 
Essentials in Raising the Dairy Heifer.532 
Experience in Tuberculous Cows .632 
Bob Veal Legislation .533 
Managing Hogs in Mississippi. 533 
Live Stock Notes .533, 537 
Selecting the Breeding Ewe.534 
Will the Silage Freeze?.534 
Renovating Butter .534 
Temperature and Baby Chicks .536 
Egg-laying Contest .538 
Hens Reiect ’Cracked Corn .538 
Frozen Comb3 .539 
Black Feathers in White Wyandottes.539 
Sneezing Hens .539 
Sour Crop .539 
Cinders for Hens .539 
Deformed Chicks .539 
Condition After Roup .539 
Floor for Henhouse ....539 
Formula for Mash .640 
Homemade Brooder .540 
Laying Troubles .540 
Oats for Hens .540 
Barley for Poultry Feeding.541 
Substitute for Wheat .541 
Ailing Chicks; Bee Moth .541 
Lameness . 542 
Cough ..542 
Diseased Eyes .542 
Thin Filly .542 
Depraved Appetite .542 
Indigestion .542 
Ringworm .542 
Rickets .542 
Canker of Ears .542 
Pneumonia .542 
Natural and "Exhibition” Leghorns.543 
The "Big” Leghorn .543 
A Few Poultry Notes .543 
Sheep Poisoned with Laurel .544 
Keeping Pork in Summer .......544 
Poland China Litters .544 
HORTICULTURE. 
Future Commercial Apple Orchard.511, 512 
Shading in Strawberry Culture .512 
Plan of a Back-yard Garden. 513 
A Tractor for Fruit Farming .513 
Planting Small Fruit Trees .514 
Peach Trees Exuding Gum .514 
Do Bees Carry Blight?.514 
Grafting Kieffer; Peach Varieties.514 
Peach Seedlings .514 
Currants Between Apples .514 
Johnsoni Lilies .515 
English Hawthorne and Other Hedge Plants..515 
Growing Blackberries in Illinois .516 
Removing Secondary Shoots .516 
Orchard Heaters in the East .516 
Notes From a Maryland Garden.517 
Muskmelons, Cucumbers and Marrows on 
Trellis .517 
Gardening on Sandy Soil .517 
An Indoor Arbor .520 
Seedless Apples .520 
The International Flower Show .521 
Meeting of Vegetable Growers.521 
Flowering Lawn Trees .527 
WOMAN AND HOME. 
From Day to Day . 530 
The People’s Kitchen .530 
Seen in New York Shops .530 
A Farmers' Club That is Seeing Things.530 
Scotch Scones .530 
Prown Biscuits .530 
Our Own People .531 
The Rural Patterns .531 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
Tread Power and Electric Lighting.512 
Construction of Root Cellar .518 
N. J. Compensation Law .520 
Ownership of Boundary Trees .520 
Is Latin a Help?.520 
Events of the Week .522 
Status of Woman Suffrage in New York.522 
Wonders of Bird Life.523 
Music in the Home .523 
Damage to Crops by Wild Game.523 
Native Sparrows .523 
Improving Cement Floor; Woodchucks.523 
Exterminating Woodchucks .523 
Use of Black Oil .524 
Appraisement of Real Estate .524 
Editorials .528 
The Land Bank .529 
The 35-Cent Dollar .529 
Problem in Algebra .529 
Farm Papers and Distribution .529 
N. Y. State News .529 
Farm Fire Protection .535 
Steam-boiled Maple Syrup .635 
Bulletins .635 
Publisher’s Desk . 546 
Safe Doses of Permanganate of Potash. 
I notiep an error constantly occurring 
in the poultry department of Tiie It. 
N.-Y. concerning use of permanganate of 
potash in drinking water for poultry—■ 
vidi page 52, January 0. and other pub¬ 
lications—“a teaspoonful of the crystals 
to a quart of water.should be given 
the fowls to drink.” The same error oc¬ 
curs in your publication ‘‘The Business 
Hen.” where it is copied verbatim from 
Cornell circular No. 155. No self-re¬ 
specting hen will touch a solution of such 
strength until deprived of water for a 
dangerously long time. B. D. 
This is a matter about which there 
seems to be very little uniformity of 
opinion, and I question whether there 
have been any well-conducted experiments 
upon a sufficient scale to determine the 
actual value of permanganate of potash 
in the contagious diseases of the respira¬ 
tory tract of fowls. The drug is recom¬ 
mended by practically all authorities 
upon the care of fowls, and seems to be 
universally used, but, upon investigation, 
I find little agreement as to the strength 
in which it should be used. Permangan¬ 
ate of potash depends for its germicidal 
value upon its ability to liberate free 
oxygen when brought into contact with 
organic matter, and the very facility with 
which it does this limits its value as a 
disinfectant. In the laboratory, when 
brought into direct contact with disease 
germs, the drug has been found very ef¬ 
ficient in strengths of from one-quarter to 
one-half of one per cent, or from 3(> to 
72 grains to the quart. As a “teaspoon- 
ful” will weigh in the neighborhood of 
120 grains this means from one-third to 
three-fifths of a teaspoonful. In nature, 
however, disease germs do not exist alone, 
but are protected by more or less organic 
matter by which they are surrounded. 
For this reason, permanganate of potash 
cannot successfully be used to disinfect 
typhoid stools or such other discharges 
as are made up in large part of organic 
matter; this latter depriving the chemical 
of its oxygen and thus rendering it inert 
before it has had opportunity to destroy 
all the germs present. This objection to 
the drug would doubtless hold true in its 
use with fowls, and I have, accordingly 
recommended its use in strength up to 
one teaspoonful to the quart. Here, 
however we are met with the objection 
that fowls will often refuse to drink a 
solution of that strength, and, if they 
do drink it, it is a question whether they 
get enough of it into the nostrils and 
eyes to do any good. It is often recom¬ 
mended that enough should be used to 
color the water a wine red; a very small 
quantity will do that, and I see no reason 
to think that so weak a solution can have 
any effect whatever upon the disease 
germs present. My own opinion is that 
the universal use of colored water, made 
red by permanganate of potash, as a 
drink for fowls, is a custom that has lit¬ 
tle. or no, reason for its perpetuation 
and that, if the drug is to be used at all, 
it should be used in the strength of from 
one half to one teaspoonful to the quart. 
If the fowls refuse to drink this, their 
heads may be dipped into the solution for 
a second or.two. and this, after all. is the 
only way in which one can make sure 
that the drug has been applied to the 
seat of the trouble. M. B. D. 
Hay-Loader and Horse Fork. 
Will some of your readers who have, 
used hay-loaders tell us whether hay load¬ 
ed in this way can be easily unloaded by 
hand? Is a horse fork necessary to la' 
used with a loader? ,T. R. 
The hay-loader does make a difference 
about the ease <>f unloading by hand. 
With the loader the hay clings together, 
and unloads with the horse-fork better 
than if pitched on by hand. I do not 
see how any farmer who has work enough 
for a loader can afford to be without a 
horse-fork. CHARLES E. LYMAN. 
(’onnecticut. 
If the load is to be unloaded by hand 
there will be absolutely no advantage in 
time or labor by using a loader unless 
a horse-fork or sling is used in the un¬ 
loading. I have had occasion to unload 
several loads by hand that were elevated 
by machine, and it was the slowest and 
most sloppy job imaginable. 
New York. s. b. jackson. 
Regarding handling Alfalfa hay with 
a hay-loader, our experience has been 
that it is impracticable to use a loader, 
because the loader breaks the leaves off. 
Some of our greatest authorities claim 
that Alfalfa should not be sun-cured; 
that it should be cured in shock, under 
shock covers. We do not use the shock 
covers ourselves, but we do cure mostly 
in shock and believe that we get better 
results than we would when sun-curing. 
The only way that you can use the hay- 
loader. of course, is in sun-curing. Further¬ 
more, we have yet to see the first hay-loader 
that will handle Alfalfa hay, sun-cured, 
and go into the stack or mow without 
breaking large numbers of the leaves off. 
Naturally, with leaves worth as much as 
wheat bran we would not wish to lose 
them. As to unloading Alfalfa, 25 years’ 
experience has taught us. we believe, the 
most rapid method. We put one sling on 
the bottom of the load and use no other 
slings. We use two double-harpooned 
forks, setting one at each end of the load. 
It requires a large load when we have to 
set the forks more than twice, the sling 
taking the rest of it. Handled in this 
way we have put away 120 loads of Al¬ 
falfa hay in three half-days, and we have 
put 45 loads away in one-half day. We 
have handled 10 good-sized loads in an 
hour, and could do more than that. It 
makes not the slighest difference to us 
in unloading by this method whether the 
hay is tangled up or not, but it does 
make a lot of difference to us whether we 
save all the leaves or not. 
Ohio. CHAS. B. WING. 
It is true that hay put on a wagon 
with a hay-loader becomes very badly 
tangled up unless one takes an unusual 
amount of care in placing the load. 
Pitching this hay off by hand is very un¬ 
satisfactory. It would seem that a farm 
warranting the use of a hay-loader 
should be equipped with a horse-fork. 
Hay which is unloaded in n the mow with 
a horse-fork is hard to pitch out with a 
hand fork, but there is no leason why 
the horse-fork should not be used to hoist 
the hay from the mow for sale or for 
feeding purposes. n. F. judkins. 
Connecticut. 
I have used a hay-loader for several 
years now, but use a horse-fork or slings 
to unload the hay except when filling a 
couple of small sheds. May can be 
pitched off by hand when put on with a 
loader, but long Timothy would require 
considerable muscle; clover, however, 
would not handle badly. Practically 
speaking, however, I cannot conceive of 
a situation that would warrant the pur¬ 
chase of a hay-loader and the side rake 
which is almost necessary to go with it. 
and would not also warrant the use of 
either bore-fork or slings. 
New York. W. C. BUELL. 
Alsike on Alfalfa. 
Would it. be wise to sow some Alsike 
clover seed on one-half acre of Alfalfa 
that was seeded last August but failed 
to make afiy growth on account of the 
long Fall droughts we had here? Very 
little of it grew at all. Or would it be 
better to top-dress it when weather 
opens? -i. s. 
It. would be a fair chance to sow Al¬ 
sike clover on that thin Alfalfa. Some 
of the Alfalfa will probably come on, 
and the Alsike will help. We should 
scatter the seed, and the scratch over the 
field with a weeder or light harrow. In 
this way you will probably be able to 
get a fair stand. We should top-dress 
the field if possible. 
March 21. Ilay $12 to $10; oats 50, 
barley $1 : buckwheat 05; peas $2; beans, 
per ewt., $4 to $7.50. Potatoes 40 to ;>() 
per bushel; onions $1.25; wheat $!.•>•>; 
flour $8.-$9 per barrel. Hops 0c to 15c 
per pound. Cows range from $50 to 
$85 according to color and quality. 
Auction prices range from $45 to 8x0. 
Veal 8c; pigs 11 per pound; pigs four 
weeks old $3 to $4. T was offered $85 
for one of rny cows and $75 for another. 
Sharon Springs, N. Y. h. p. s. 
Heating Troubles. —We have a hot 
water plant which has given satisfaction 
for several years, but this Winter added 
another radiator to heat hall, about 20 
feet from boiler. The pipe is connected 
directly at the boiler, about 15 inches be¬ 
low the floor, running with about nine 
inch rise to connecting pipe to radiator. 
The return pipe joins boiler about seven 
inches below outlet, but the radiator in 
hall never gets more than blood heat, as 
the return or cold water backs into radia¬ 
tor. Can any of your readers tell us the 
remedy. INQUIRER. 
Butler, N. ,T. 
FAR M HELP maKood 
Satisfaction or no charge. SIDNEY Y. SULLIVAN, npency 
with a record. Phone, 6486 Cortland. 99 Nassau St., N.Y. 
n ■■ I 1 for-ign help for farmers, gar- 
KPII^IIIp* deners and other industries 
II6IIUMIV furnished. THE IMMIGRANT 
LABOR EXCHANGE AGENCY, 224 West 34th Street, New York 
Do you need Farm Help? 
We have ninny nhle-bn<llerl young men, both with and wlilmnt 
farming ox|ierIeuco, who wish to work on terms. II you m-i-d a 
good. Intelligent, Holier man, write for an order blank. Ours is 
a philanthropic organization and wo make no charge to om- 
plover f»r employ*'**. 
Our iil.jurt to enroura^e farming: anion r Jews. 
TIIE JEWISH AUHICI 1/1*1* K A L SOCIETY 
HO Second Avenue N»*w \orkiity 
Subscribers’ Exchange 
Complying with several suggestions received 
recently, we open a department here to enable 
RURAL NEW-YORKER readers to supply each 
other’s wants. If you want to buy or sell or 
exchange, make it known here. This Rate will 
be 5 Cents a word, payable in advance. The 
name and address must be counted as part of 
the advertisement. Copy must reach us not 
later than Friday to appear in the following 
week. No display type used, and only Farm 
Products, Help and Positions Wanted admitted. 
For subscribers only. Dealers, jobbers and gen¬ 
eral manufacturers’ announcements not admit¬ 
ted here. Poultry, Eggs and other live stock 
rdvertisements will go under proper headings on 
other pages. Seed and Nursery advertisements 
will not be accepted for this column. 
CHOICEST NEW VERMONT Maple Syrup at 
$1.10 per gallon, new sugar in 5 and 0-lb. 
pails, 15c. per pouud. JAY T. SMITH. Rupert, 
Vt. 
ELECTRIC LIGHT PLANTS furnished and in¬ 
stalled complete; gasoline engine or water 
power; estimates covering cost of installation 
and' operation cheerfully furnished; results guar¬ 
anteed; correspondence solicited. A. J. WOOD- 
WORTH, Wiscoy, N. Y. 
EXCHANGE AT ONCE 318 acres; good buildings 
for small farm. LOUIS RABENSTEIN, Berk¬ 
shire, N. Y. 
FOR SALE or Exchange—80 acres irrigated Al¬ 
falfa and fruit farm in Colorado. Bor 70, 
c. Rural New-Yorker. 
FOR SALE—On Eastern Shore. Md., beaut Foil 
water front farm, containing 171 acres. N. O. 
FAULKNER, Ridgely, Md. 
10-ACRE Poultry and Fruit Farm, stock and 
tools included. $6,900; can be seen by appoint¬ 
ment only. F. BRINCKS, Medford, L,. I., N. Y. 
FOR SALE—10 acres truck farm, joining Lake 
Smith, 5 minutes from trolley station; further 
Information by owner. R. 5, I?. 65, Norfolk, \ a. 
585 ACRES—Dutchess County; choice dairy 
farm; two sets buildings; lake. Inquire F. R. 
KEATOR. Attorney-at-Lnw, 22 Exchange Place, 
New York. 
COMPLETELY EQUIPPED Poultry Farm, mile 
railroad, 14 miles Philadelphia; 3.000 capacity, 
perfect condition, sacrifice, $7,000. WHITE 
FEATHER FARM. Beverly, N. J. 
20 PER CENT. LESS THAN COST—Brand new 
dairy equipment unused because not needed; 0 
bottle' Davis filler, Burrill milk cooler, large 
Simplex Churn. MOHEGAN FARM, Peekskill, 
N. Y. 
ESTABLISHED POULTRY PLANT—30 acres— 
on turnpike. 20 miles New York. 1 block trol¬ 
ley. house all Improvements. 1,000 chickens and 
(1 ticks. Gard’en 1915 winners, sell long lease, 
birds nnu’ complete equipment for .$5,000. Box 
09, care It. N.-Y. 
Subscribers Exchange 
WANTED— Man and wife to work on farm. 
<:::<;\y HUNT, Knoxville, I’a. 
TATTOO EAIt PUNCH for cattle wanted: a!.-o 
11 Babcock tester. Box OS, care It. N.-Y. 
POSITION as Working Foreman or farmer, mar¬ 
ried, best reference. II. l’.ARNES, Far lli 1 o 
N. J. 
WANTED—Customers for guaranteed fresh eggs. 
25 cents dozen. FRANK BARTLBSON, Sodas, 
X. Y. 
POSITION WANTED—By undergraduate ex e- 
rienced, dairy farm preferred. D. HALL, 
Lawrence St.. Yonkers. 
WANTED—Single, experienced, temperate man 
on farm, state wages expected. Box 23. Back¬ 
port, X. Y., Route No. 10. 
WAXTED—Truck grower, to develop fine .. 
nf black dirt: small amount of capital re¬ 
quired. D. V., Route 2, Sussex, N. J. 
A FARM PROPOSITION is open for a reliable 
married couple, who are good milkers; wife t> 
do housework. Box 32, Campbell Hall, X. Y. 
POSITION WAXTED—Man and wife on poultry 
farm: reliable, intelligent, and takes interest 
of employer. Box tit!, care Rural New-Yorker. 
EXPERIENCED FARMER (married), desires 
employment as working foreman, superinten 
dent or caretaker. THOMAS RIGNEY, Bull- 
villo, New York. 
FARM POSITION—Capable making mechanical 
repairs; milker; references exchanged; Ameri¬ 
can Protestant. 80 St. James Place, Brooklyn, 
N. Y. 
POSITION WANTED—Single. Irish-American. 
can drive horses or automobile (licensed), 
handy with tools, good references. Box 59, euro 
of Rural New-Yorker. 
HANDY MAN wants work, handy with tools, 
single, will go anywhere, no experience with 
cattle. JOHN MAHER. Clairmont Terrace, Elm¬ 
hurst. L. I. care Carroll. 
I WANT A l’OSIITION on a large farm: I am 
an American 40 years old, well educated, good 
cook and housekeeper and understand’ all kinds 
of poultry. Address MRS. K., care It. N.-Y. 
CARETAKER OF FARM—Reliable, thorough, 
knows how to stop leaks and’ make profits, 
state character of farm and your requirements 
in first letter. Address Box 62, c. Rural New- 
Yorker. 
MIDDLE-AGED COUPLE would buy, after year’s 
lease, small place in village 20 to 50 miles 
from New York: give price, which must be lo - , 
and’ detailed description. HOMESTEAD, Rural 
New-Yorker. 
HORTICULTURIST d’esires position: agricultu-, 
rai eoliege and university graduate, formerly 
in government service and with New York and 
Washington experiment stations. Address Box 
165, Unadilla, N. Y. 
WANTED—Man and wife, intelligent worker.; 
man as assistant poultrymnn, wife as house¬ 
keeper; state ability and wages expected, central 
New Hampshire, up-to-date poultry farm. Box 
65, care of Rural New-Yorker. 
WANTED—Single man as herdsman for small 
herd Guernseys, good milker. bnttermn'c ■, 
temperate, capable and trustworthy, new barn, 
all modern improvements; give references and 
qualifications. HILLS WOLD FARM, Shrews¬ 
bury, Mass. 
WANTED—Position as foreman or manager. 
country estate (English). 15 years in present 
position as manager, exceptional ability in all 
branches, successful grower of Alfalfa 12 yen’-s. 
References present employers. W. E. APPLEBY, 
Chester, N. J. 
POSITION WANTED ns farm superintendent. 
farm raised, married, twenty-seven; six yea” ' 
experience assistant manager on dairy, grain an I 
fruit farm; Cornell Agricultural graduate: two 
years’ Official Registry work, handle men; kno ' 
cattle and operate all farm machinery, excellent 
references. JOHN D. KING. And'es, New York. 
WANTED—Married Hollander or American on 
small certified farm; must be fast, clean mil' 
er, understand feeding, testing, raising calve 
veterinary work and capable of taking charge 
herd dairy room and barns; common sense anil 
cleanliness appreciated; absolutely no liquor, 
wife to board two or three men; state age. re 
erences, experience and wages in first letter. T. 
W. BARNES, Niverville, N. Y. 
ESTATE MANAGER—Position desired by prac¬ 
tical man as manager of some gentleman’s es¬ 
tate or of a high class breeding establishment: 
practical experience covering many years of suc¬ 
cessful breeding, fitting and exhibiting of dairy 
cattle, harness horses, sheep, swine, and poul¬ 
try; practical knowledge of Jerseys. Guernseys. 
Ayrshlres and Holsteins; first-class caretakc • 
and feeder for records, practical knowledge of 
handling and testing of milk and cream, tuber¬ 
culin testing anil ordinary veterinary work; 
practical knowledge of farming, crop rotation j 
and soil improvement; most successful handler 
of men; good salesman, accomplished correspon¬ 
dent and accurate accountant; highest refer¬ 
ences to most prominent breeders and importers 
in America. Box 63, Morristown, N. J. 
FOR PURE MAPLE SUGAR and Syrup. Write 
<’. J. YODER. Grantsville, Md. 
MAPLE COVE FARM—Products direct to Con¬ 
sumers. ROUTE 24. Athens, Pa. 
FOR SALE—Pure Vermont maple syrup. ED¬ 
WARD A. CURTIS, St. Albans, Vt.. 
LARGE FARM for rent, good soil. 70 miles out. 
P.ERKSHI RES, Box 67, care It. N.-Y. 
NULL'S Famous Melilotus Honey, 10-pound pail, 
81.50. express prepaid. W. D. NULL, Demo- 
polis, Ala. 
FANCY MAPLE SYRUP, new crop, splendid 
quality, $1.00 per gallon. RANSOM FARM. 
Chagrin Falls, Ohio. 
SPECIAL—Two hundred orchard heaters (mostly 
Troutman), and barrel oil, $10; from closing 
estate. E. O. LANSING, Romulus, N. Y. 
THREE No. 1 MncKay colony Brooder stoves, 
u e one season. $24 each. C. E. SMITH, 1314 
Mu .viand Ave., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
MIXED CAR HAY—Mostly first, some second 
and third cutting Alfalfa, some Timothy. $10 
per ton. DWIGHT CAKLEY, Manlius. N.Y. 
GENERAL ACETYLENE GAS MACHINE, 30 
lights, in excellent condition, uses 2x'/. car¬ 
bide, made by General Acetylene Co., of New 
York; our reasons for selling we have installed 
electric lights. ED. 1IARTT, Northport, N. Y. 
