704 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 15, 1915. 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK 
DOMESTIC.—A public hearing was 
announced before the Department of 
Agriculture to take place May 14 for 
the purpose of discussing definitions and 
standards for macaroni, spaghetti, noo¬ 
dles and similar alimentary pastes for 
the guidance of Federal and State of¬ 
ficials in the enforcement of food and 
drug laws. 
Concessions in wages and hours of ser¬ 
vice and improved working conditions 
were made to 05,000 engineers, firemen 
and hostlers employed on ninety-eight 
Western railroads in the award of the 
Federal Arbitration Board, which has 
been considering the grievances of the 
men for five months. The findings are in 
the nature of a compromise. The award, 
which was filed with the clerk of the 
United States District Court, April 30, 
was signed by Federal Judge J. C. 
Pritchard, Charles Nagel, ex-Secretary 
of Commerce and Labor; II. E. Byram, 
vice-president of the Chicago. Burlington 
and Quincy Railroad, and W. L. Park, 
vice-president of the Illinois Central 
Railroad. The first two were neutral 
members of the board and the latter two 
represented the railroads. F. A. Burgess, 
assistant grand chief of the Brotherhood 
of Locomotive Engineers and Timothy 
Shea, assistant president of the Brother¬ 
hood of Locomotive Firemen and En- 
ginemen, the two labor representatives on 
the board, declined to sign the award and 
filed a dissenting opinion. They said, 
however, that the award would be abided 
by for the year’s time it provides. 
New York City’s unemployed during 
the first part of last February numbered 
more than 398,000 out of an estimated 
total of 2,455.000 wage earners, the De¬ 
partment of Labor announced, April 30, 
in issuing the result of the investigation 
made by its Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
The figures do not represent the full ex¬ 
tent of unemployment, as they include 
no irregular or part time workers. 
The American oil tank steamer Gulf- 
light, which sailed from Port Arthur, 
Tex.. April 10, for Rouen, France, was 
torpedoed, May 1, off the Scilly Islands. 
The captain of the Gulflight died of 
heart failure as a result of shock. Two 
seamen jumped overboard and were 
drowned. The other members of the 
crew were taken off by a British patrol 
boat and landed and the vessel towed 
into Crow Sound and beached. The Gulf- 
light is a steel vessel of 3.202 tons net 
and was built at Camden. N. .T., in 1914. 
She is owned by the Gulf Refining Com¬ 
pany. The vessel is 383 feet long, 51 
feet beam and 30 feet deep. 
The coastwise steamer Victoria, dis¬ 
abled by gales, sank, May 1, off the Cor¬ 
onado Islands, Lower California, taking 
with her eleven men of her Mexican 
crew. The American Hawaiian steamer 
American took the passengers off. 
May 3 a powerful bomb was exploded 
in the Bronx Municipal Building. New 
York. One room was blown to pieces, 
and other damage done, but no one was 
hurt. The building has been the scene 
of recent trials involving “white slave” 
conspiracies and cases of blackmail in 
which a desperate foreign class was con¬ 
cerned. 
May 5 the Governor of Tennessee ve¬ 
toed a bill abolishing capital punishment. 
Owners of Canadian sealing vessels are 
suggesting a novel use of aeroplanes. It 
is proposed that two experienced avia¬ 
tors be engaged to visit the east coast 
and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, respective¬ 
ly, just before the opening of the next 
season, and locate the herds. The in¬ 
formation thus obtained would enable the 
fleet to go directly to the scene, instead 
of spending much time in searching for 
the animals. 
In local option elections in Minnesota, 
May 3, the counties of Lac Qui Parle, 
Chicago and Isanti went dry. 
FARM AND GARDEN.—Mail facili¬ 
ties will be extended to one million rural 
patrons before July 1. 1915, without in¬ 
creasing the present cost of service, ac¬ 
cording to a statement by Postmaster- 
General Burleson. This, it is explained, 
will be done by readjusting present rural 
routes so as to eliminate duplications and 
unnecessary service and by means of the 
motor vehicle service authorized by Con¬ 
gress. Changes were authorized last 
month which, without curtailment of ser¬ 
vice, have reduced operating expenses 
.$177,644. This sum has been utilized to 
establish 263 new routes serving 31,041 
additional families, or approximately 
155,205 additional persons. Extensions 
of existing service were put into effect 
involving 104 additional miles of travel 
by rural carriers. These extensions 
serve 1.202 additional families and ap¬ 
proximately 6,010 additional persons. 
The United States Department of Ag¬ 
riculture has issued a warning that May 
beetles, also known as June bugs, may 
be very destructive this year, especially 
in Northern Iowa, Southern Michigan, 
Northern Illinois. Southern Minnesota, 
and part of the East. 
The annual conference of the Women’s 
Horticultural and Agricultural Associa¬ 
tion was held May 7 at the Botanical 
Gardens, Bronx Park. Phases of gar¬ 
dening for pleasure and profit were dis¬ 
cussed by authorities, and an exhibition 
of the work accomplished by members 
within the last year was displayed. Al¬ 
though only a little more than a year 
old, the association has grown vigorously. 
Composed of women interested in horti¬ 
culture and agriculture, it has aimed to 
promote interest and success in these 
lines of work, taking as its model simi¬ 
lar organizations in Europe. Speakers 
at the conference were Arthur Dean, 
chief of the Vocational Schools Division 
in the State Department of Education; 
Professor Frank A. Waugh, Dr. W. E. 
Deming, Maurice Fuld, George I. Pow¬ 
ell, Louise Klein Muller, curator of 
school gardens of Cleveland, and others. 
Dr. O. E. Dyson, State Veterinarian 
asks the Illinois Legislature for $30,000 
to enlarge the State hog serum plant and 
$170,000 to equip and capitalize it, prom¬ 
ising that it could thereafter be run with¬ 
out appropriations and on a self-sustain¬ 
ing basis by charging a little more than 
cost price to users. 
“Johnny Appleseed ” and His Work. 
My father’s people were among the 
earliest settlers in Westmoreland Coun¬ 
ty, Pa. My mothers" people came very 
early into Jefferson County, Ohio. My 
father’s people moved from Westmore¬ 
land County into Jefferson County. My 
mother’s grandfather, whose name was 
Carr, had a beautiful orchard; in fact, 
there were many good orchards in Jeffer¬ 
son County and about Smithficld where 
my mother lived. The apples popular 
there were the Gate apple, the Russet, 
the Rambo, and a large green apple called 
Fall Pippin. Among my earliest recol¬ 
lections was that of hearing my grand¬ 
mother tell of Johnny Appleseed. 
Another recollection is the story told 
of Jeremiah Warder, who very early 
moved from Philadelphia, I think, into 
Central Ohio. Missing in that locality 
the watercress that he knew at home, he 
got a lot of seed, so the story goes and 
planted them along the little streams 
flowing through his own land. Wherever 
he went, and they say his business took 
him almost to Sandusky, Ohio, he plant¬ 
ed these seeds on the banks of small 
streams. When I was a boy, water¬ 
cress was as plentiful as dandelion 
through southern Ohio, and we used to 
call it water greens and would gather it 
the same as we did dandelion, plantain 
leaves, and mustard for use as pot herbs. 
These Spring greens and sassafras tea 
were my bete noir during bpyhood ; they 
used to feed them to us in such quantity 
that we boys would almost run when we 
saw the great coffee pot put on to boil 
the sassafras tea. It might be of inter¬ 
est if we could find out more about Jere¬ 
miah Warder and his introduction of 
water-cress into Ohio. 
T. F. MC GBEW. 
In a recent number of The R. N.-Y. 
mention is made of “Johnny Appleseed” 
and asking if there was anyone who ever 
saw the man or knew where any of his 
trees had been planted. I can truthfully 
say that I am one of those. In the sec¬ 
tion of Ohio where I was born and raised 
(Pickaway County) there were a number 
of orchards said to have been started by 
“Johnny Appleseed” (John Chapman as 
we children knew him) ; two of them I 
well remember. One was on my grand¬ 
father’s place on Darby Creek, near 
Darbyville, O., that being at the time the 
home of my paternal grandfather and 
the other my maternal grandparents’ 
place a mile or so north of Circleville, O., 
on the old turnpike road leading to Co¬ 
lumbus, the rear of said place being on 
the banks of the canal, where there was 
a basin where canal boats laid during the 
Winter, called Wilburn’s Basin. At the 
breaking out of the Civil War, of which 
I am an aged veteran in my seventy- 
third year, there were a few of the old 
trees standing that bore fruit, but the 
residence has long before fallen into de¬ 
cay, the occupant having passed from 
earth. The first orchard referred to was 
on the Littleton farm and the other the 
Wilburn place not far from what is now 
Forest Cemetery, I believe. L. 
I moved from Elmira, N. Y., to Mans¬ 
field, Ohio, a city of about 35,000 peo¬ 
ple. I went there as agent for the At¬ 
lantic & Great Western R. R. I very- 
soon learned from the old men of the city 
a good deal about Johnny Appleseed and 
of his eccentric character. I learned that 
he was much respected and dearly loved, 
notwithstanding his eccentricity in re¬ 
ligion ; he was a Swedenborgian, and a 
good man in all that the word “good”’ im¬ 
plies. He was freely at home in every house 
in all the new settlements in the wilds of 
Ohio; the so-called Western Reserve 
seems to have been one of his favored 
sections. He was cheerfully entertained 
by everybody. He would never sleep in 
a bed; his buffalo robe was his bed by 
the open fireplace. He could not be per¬ 
suaded to occupy a bed. He planted his 
nurseries and distributed his trees; he 
made no charges, but seemed content with 
whatever the people could afford to give, 
be it much or little. I think when his 
clothes got ragged or shoes worn out his 
wardrobe was soon replenished. When¬ 
ever he met people going farther west, he 
would divide his clothes; he supplied 
many a poor emigrant with better clothes 
than he himself had and seemed as happy 
in giving as those receiving; he was 
truly the good Samaritan. That was one 
incentive in giving to him, as the people 
well knew it was sure to be made good 
use of. I got all the above from old peo¬ 
ple who knew him well, and had enter¬ 
tained him times without number. I 
learned enough to assure me that he com¬ 
manded the love and respect of every 
one he came in contact with, and that is 
a great commendation in this selfish 
world. E. CROMWELL. 
New Jersey. 
Preventing the House Flies. 
Now comes the annual battle against 
the house fly. There seems little use in 
repeating the reason why this hideous 
creature should be destroyed. It is filthy 
beyond expression in its habits, and car¬ 
ries disease so as to become a genuine 
menace. Its breeding habits are known. 
The eggs are laid in fresh horse manure, 
and one single pair of flies can be enor¬ 
mously productive. It is folly to wait 
until the fly has grown full size and then 
attempt to kill them one by one in fly¬ 
traps or other contrivances. The thing 
to do is to prevent their breeding if pos¬ 
sible. Many substances have been recom¬ 
mended for use in the stable and on the 
manure to prevent the hatching of the 
eggs. Some of these are impractical, 
like the extended use of borax under or¬ 
dinary circumstances. A mixture half 
and half of the German salt, kainit, and 
acid phosphate will usually prove very 
effective. About one pound per day of 
the mixture for each horse is scattered 
over and through the manure. If it is 
not possible to obtain the kainit, the acid 
phosphate alone will help and it will re¬ 
inforce the manure. Where there are 
only two or three horses kept a contriv¬ 
ance for keeping the flies away from the 
manure will pay. This is usually done by 
making a little room or tight box-stall 
with screen doors or windows, so that 
the flies cannot get in. The manure is 
wheeled into this place as fast as made, 
or as fast as is convenient, and a little 
acid phosphate is sprinkled over the ma¬ 
nure from day to day. By keeping the 
doors and windows shut, the flies cannot 
enter and thus cannot lay their eggs in 
the manure. Unless they can do this 
their breeding habits are broken up and 
they are not likely to lay their eggs free¬ 
ly in other substances. There can be 
not question whatever about this fact of 
preventing their breeding. It has been 
demonstrated again and again that 
wherever the flies are kept away from 
horse manure, the crop of young flies is 
practically wiped out. The Department 
of Agriculture now recommends what it 
calls a maggot trap. This consists of a 
concrete platform or pit, the lower part 
of it containing water. A slatted plat¬ 
form is placed above this water and the 
manure thrown upon it and kept thor¬ 
oughly wet. As the eggs hatch and the 
insects change into new form, they move 
about freely in this manure and are 
washed down into the water where they 
are destroyed. This water drains back 
into a cistern from which it is pumped 
again and again to leach through the ma¬ 
nure and carry down more of the young 
flies. It is said that this principle has 
given good results in practice, but the 
main point to remember is that if the 
breeding flies can be kept away from 
horse manure, they will not lay their eggs 
freely, and thus there will not be a large 
crop of young flies. 
LIGHT WITHOUT FIRE 
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and out. 
EVEREADY Tungsten Flash¬ 
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No. 2669 (illustrated) throws light over 
300 feet. Sturdy fibre case. Sih-er 
plated reflector. Price U. S. $3.00; 
Canada $3.60. 
Send for Illustrated Catalog No. 68. 
showing 76 styles from 75c to $7,601 
40,000 dealers — if your3 can’t supply 
you, write us. 
Absolutely guaranteed by the "Larg¬ 
est Manufacturers of Flashlights in 
the World.” 
, AMERICAN EVER READY WORKS 
of National Carbon Co. 
Long Island City New York 
No. 2669 
Get my Bi 
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$2447 Main St. 
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Write for Catalog I) and 
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1-21 Main Street 
EARLVIILE, NEW YORK 
Cara That Pay Their Way 
When you buy' an automobile you want one that will pay* 
its way. One that will get you to market quicker* with 
your produce, that will enable you to transport goods much 
more quickly from the railroad station to your* home, that 
will stand up” under* the severe usage given a car while 
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Besides all of these profitable uses you want one that will 
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The Light Four— Regal—provides you a handsome streamline, five 
passenger car—unusual in size, appearance and performance—but light 
of weight and economical to operate, selling at $650.00. 
The Standard Four —Regal—supplies a larger, more powerful and lux¬ 
urious car’—the standard in size—beauty’ and equipment among four* 
cylinder cars, selling at $1085. 
The Do Luxe Eight —offers the highest development in gasoline motors 
the powerful, flexible, balanced eight. The smooth vibrationless 
operation of which makes a ride in it a new and pleasing sensation in 
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All models are five passenger capacity—fully RaoqI Mntnr Car Ctt 
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