766 
tPHE) RURAb NEW-YORKER 
May 29, 1915. 
Live Stock Notes 
Feeding Value of Acid Milk. 
There is a query* on page 690 regard¬ 
ing the danger of acid milk. I fear the 
answer does not cover the question, en¬ 
tirely. There are many creameries mak¬ 
ing curd of dried casein ; this product 
is used by glue, paint, celluloid and other 
manufacturers. There are two methods 
in the making of this curd, one method 
as described in the answer, by adding a 
lactic acid starter, but there is another 
method, by adding sulphuric acid to the 
milk, producing the curd in a very short 
time. They can have the morning milk 
curded and under the press the same day, 
while the lactic acid method will require 
more time, thus requiring another vat. 
This question is interesting to me. I 
have watched the feeding of milk whey 
made by this sulphuric acid method, and 
cannot find any injury done in any way. 
The vats used in such method are bright, 
showing there is no corrosive action. 
The swill made from such whey does not 
decompose or become putrid as soon a* 
whey made by the lactic acid method. 
I have also noticed that the slop tanks 
outside the creameries are not so offen¬ 
sive in Summer as those using the lactic 
method. This question is of interest to 
us from a sanitary and dietetic point, 
and I am, like A. H. G., interested in 
getting feeding data on the chemical 
(acid curd) whey. w. n. ridge. 
Pennsylvania. 
The Cost of Milk Production. 
No more important work can be done 
for the dairymen of New York than ascer¬ 
taining the actual cost of producing milk 
<m the average dairy farm of the State. 
"While here and there throughout the 
State may be found dairies which are re¬ 
turning satisfactory profits to their own¬ 
ers, in no branch of farming in the East 
are conditions more generally unsatisfac¬ 
tory, and in no other agricultural indus¬ 
try are vital conditions more rapidly and 
fundamentally changing. Sanitarians 
whose business it is to guard city con- 
suitiors against unwholesome food pro¬ 
ducts are paying special attention to 
milk, as its importance demands, and the 
restrictions placed about the production 
and sale of this food so essential to in¬ 
fant and adult life are becoming increas¬ 
ingly stringent and will continue to be¬ 
come more and more so. 
Each year witnesses an increase in the 
cost of milk production through factors 
beyond the control of dairymen. Not¬ 
withstanding this increased cost, due to 
the advancing prices of feed stuffs, the 
scarcity of labor, the req irements of city 
boards of health, and other conditions, 
the dairyman is as yet entirely helpless 
in the matter of fixing a price for his pro¬ 
duct that will afford him a reasonable 
profit. Laudable attempts have been 
made to unite dairymen in some sort of 
league which would make them a factor 
to be reckoned with when milk prices 
were to be considered, but, so far, these 
attempts have been failures and the indi¬ 
vidual dairyman is as helpless as the in¬ 
dividual always is when confronting or¬ 
ganized interests. Anyone acquainted 
with the diversity of interests upon the 
majority of farms where milk is produced 
will recognize the difficulty of establish¬ 
ing exact cost figures for any one pro¬ 
duct: nevertheless, this cost must be 
known before demand for an increase 
in the price paid the producer can be in¬ 
telligently supported, and any business¬ 
like study of this subject, the conclusions 
of which may be confidently accepted, is 
to be welcomed. 
In Bulletin 537, entitled, “The Cost of 
Milk Production,” and recently issued 
from the College of Agriculture at Ithaca, 
N. Y., the results of a year’s study of 834 
cows, in 53 herds, in Jefferson County, 
N. Y., are given. Jefferson County is a 
typical dairying county of the State, 
where milk should be produced at a 
profit, if anywhere. The herds studied 
were average farm herds which, because 
of being under control of a cow-testing 
association, were available for the pro¬ 
duction of reasonably exact figures, and 
the work was done by the manager of the 
county farm bureau in co-operation with 
an extension professor of animal hus¬ 
bandry from the State agricultural col¬ 
lege. 
The table of averages for the 53 herds 
is, perhaps, the most interesting. From 
this it is seen that the average produc¬ 
tion was 6,621 pounds of milk and 241 
pounds of butter fat per cow. The aver¬ 
age cost of feeding each cow was $51.57, 
the interest upon her value and the cost 
of hauling her milk, $11.25, the value of 
her calf and of the manure, $18.23, fixed 
costs, or “overhead,” $35.65, and total net 
cost, $80.24. The average receipts for 
milk, per cow, were $100.63. The aver¬ 
age cost for each 100 pounds of milk was 
$1.21, making an average profit per hun¬ 
dred of 31 cents. Seven of the 53 herds 
were kept at a loss, their total net cost 
for the year being $10,164.04, and the 
value of their product only $8,828.33, 
leaving a deficit of $1,335.71. One hun¬ 
dred and sixty-one cows, or 19 per cent of 
the number, caused a loss to their owners 
of $11.18 per cow. Of the cows yielding 
a profit, those giving 10.000 pounds of 
milk per year were more profitable than 
those giving 6,000 pounds by 51 per cent. 
M. B. D. 
Ailing Animals. 
Sore Shoulders. 
What is good to wash or put on a 
horse’s breast at this time of the year, 
when horses are beginning Spring work, 
to keep them from getting sore and to 
toughen them ? II. D. H. 
The most important thing is to have 
collars fit properly, then keep them clean 
and dry, and have the hame straps tight 
enough to keep the top of the collar 
snug to the neck. Remove the harness at 
noon and wipe the collar dry. To soothe 
and toughen the shoulders bathe twice 
daily with strong white oak bark tea, or 
strong alum water, or a solution of one 
teaspoonful of tannic or gallic acid in a 
pint of water. Some farmers use Common 
salt at the rate of two teaspoonfuls to 
the pint. A. s. A. 
Staggers. 
Something is the matter with my ewes 
that I would like to have your opinion on. 
They are heavy with lamb. I have lost 
two and three more are sick. Symptoms 
as follows: The ewe begins to stand 
around alone, will not move often, and 
when she does move, she will pick up 
each leg, and the muscles of the neck 
seem to draw her head down and back 
to the neck. She will not eat. If you 
push her along she will hold back or fall 
over on her side. They seem to have 
a bad head cold, with a heavy discharge. 
The two that died were this way about a 
week. They have been fed silage, a feed 
of corn every few days, some millet hay 
which was only about a third in head 
when cut; and they have run on rye pas¬ 
ture some, and on sod. J. A. c. 
Virginia. 
You should have made a post mortem 
examination, but in such cases the nasal 
discharge commonly is due to the pres¬ 
sure of gadfly grubs in the sinuses and 
upper passages of the head. While such 
grub cause intense irritation they rarely 
cause death, but may be a contributive 
cause when associated with other causes 
of irritation and sickness. The liver usu¬ 
ally is found diseased in these cases and 
the* cause is prolonged feeding on coarse, 
dry, bulky roughage. Ewes do better 
when fed on clover hay, roots, oats and 
bran and if made to take abundant ex¬ 
ercise every day. Nodular disease of the 
intestines (knotty guts) is another dis¬ 
eased condition commonly found present 
in cases such as you describe and it is 
incurable. Neither is there a specific 
cure for gadfly grub. Prevention is all 
important. a. s. a. 
Thriftless Horses. 
What is the matter with our horses? 
We have two, five and six years old this 
Spring. We have done all we could for 
them, by giving powders and care in feed¬ 
ing. but they are bony and poor; have 
good appetites but seem to get thinner 
all the time. The more they eat the 
thinner they get; seem too tired to play, 
have a dull tired look all the time. Do 
you think they have tapeworm or bots? 
Maryland. w. r„ 
Horses are not troubled with tape¬ 
worms and bots do little, if any harm. 
They sometimes cause irritation when 
passing out of the body on grass in 
Spring. It is quite likely that blood 
worms (schlerostoma equinum) cause the 
lack of thrift. They are small red worms, 
blunt at one end, and are true blood 
suckers, which also may cause aneurism 
of the arteries of the intestines (mesen¬ 
teric) and horses so affected suffer peri¬ 
odic attacks of colic which at last cause 
death. Have the teeth attended to by a 
veterinarian. Starve the horses for at 
least 18 hours and then give, under di¬ 
rection of the veterinarian, two ounces of 
turpentine shaken up in a pint of raw lin¬ 
seed oil. Starting 24 hours later mix in 
the feed twice daily a tablespoonful of a 
mixture of equal parts of sulphur and 
dried sulphate of iron. Add salt if the 
horses will not eat the drugged feed. Con¬ 
tinue the medicine for a week; then skip 
10 days and repeat. Feed generously on 
whole oats, wheat bran and mixed clover 
hay. A. S. A. 
Warts. 
I have a young mule with warts almost 
all over his nose. The warts are very 
small, yet there is one wart in each nos¬ 
tril. Will you tell me how to cure them 
or take them off? H. M. L. 
Arkansas. 
Rub the affected parts with best castor 
oil or fresh goose grease twice daily 
and the warts will soon disappear. 
a. s. A. 
Puffs. 
Please advise me of some effective 
treatment for wind-puffs of short stand¬ 
ing on my 10-year-old horse. The growths 
are about the size of an egg, and are soft, 
and then hard. L. P. 
Rhode Island. 
You do not state the location .of the 
puffs which are full of synovea, not wind. 
They are practically incurable. If on 
the fetlocks, or just above those points, 
some benefit should result from persistent 
hand rubbing and bandaging. A. S. A. 
Swollen Jaw. 
I have a heifer one year old that, 
when a nursing calf attempted to nurse 
the wrong cow, and was kicked in the 
jaw which is now quite badly swollen. 
She is fat and eats well. Is there any¬ 
thing that I can do to get rid of the 
swelling, and is it dangerous to other 
cattle? w. E. p. 
We take that you think actinomycosis 
(lumpjaw) present. If so there is prac¬ 
tically no danger in leaving the heifer 
with other cows, as the disease is not 
directly contagious. It is an invasive 
disease, due to the ray fungus entering 
a wound or scratch. The fungus is 
found upon cereals. The disease often 
proves curable by operation, or use of 
caustics, and internal administration of 
iodide of potash. Swab the enlargement 
with tincture of iodine every other day. 
Liberate pus if a soft spot forms. The 
dose of iodide of potash is one dram two 
or three times daily in water for an 
adult animal; young animals take less in 
proportion. A. 6. A. 
Constipation in Dog. 
I have a small bulldog that is very 
fat. I would like to give her salts to re¬ 
duce the fat but am unable to make her 
take it; have tried giving it to her with 
a spoon but can get but a little down. 
Could you tell me a way that I could give 
her it* and how much should she be 
given? She is very constipated some 
times and will vomit. J. W. Q. 
Connecticut. 
Dissolve the salts in water and put in 
a small bottle. Pull out the pouch of the 
cheek to form a funnel into which pour 
the solution a little at a time holding the 
dog until it is swallowed. Better results 
could be had by giving cascara pills tucked 
in a bit of meat. Buy them at the drug 
store. Allow only one small meal each 
night. Twice a week feed parboiled 
liver. Make the dog take abundant exer¬ 
cise every day. A teaspoonful of salts 
would suffice or give a similar dose of 
calcined magnesia. Do not feed sweets 
or potatoes. a. s. a. 
Wolf Teeth and Black Teeth. 
A man who owns a large farm and had 
quite a lot of hogs, considered to be an 
up-to-date farmer, and also a town official 
stated he was losing all his pigs from 
cholera. He had just one left and that 
one was sick, thin. He was told it was 
black teeth; he did not believe in that 
theory. The two hired men took the 
black teeth out of a pig (the pig was 
turning purple then.) The result was the 
pig in 24 hours was up and eating, and 
was the only one he had to put in the 
pork barrel that Fall. I am not a scien¬ 
tist but I do know that I have 
saved lots of pigs by extracting black 
teeth. Your veterinarian is right in 
one statement; i.e., that is, they do 
not affect all pigs. If pigs nave a run 
when small, they break or wear them off. 
I would like to ask your veterinarian if 
wolf teeth are injurious to a colt. 
New York. G. w. w. 
Wolf teeth are harmless and never 
cause either weakness or disease of the 
eyes. They have nothing whatever to 
do with so-called “moon blindness” (peri¬ 
odic ophthalmia). They need only.be re¬ 
moved if they happen to interfere with the 
overhead check bit, in trotting horses. 
Black teeth in pigs cannot possibly cause 
discoloration of the belly, that being one 
symptom of cholera or of erysipelas. 
Black teeth are comparatively rare, and 
are not present in a majority of sick pigs. 
If present they are not the cause of sick¬ 
ness, and if a pig recovers from sickness 
after the black teeth are removed that is 
merely incidental, and not due to such 
removal. A. S. A. 
Skims 
a gallon a minute. 
'THE 
ANIMALS’ 
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For keeping flies and many 
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endorsed since 1885 by lead¬ 
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$1 WORTH SAVES $20.00 
i n milk and flesh on each con- 
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Aids in keeping animals from irritating sores by rubbing or 
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JK _ ($1.50 west ol nimlsslppi Hirer) will bring 
*K | you enough Shoo-Kly to protert 10 eovr. 2 
*T I “weeks, also our 8-tube gravity sprayer. 
I EXPRESS PREPAID. Money back ii not satisfactory. 
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Special terms to agents. 
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THE BRA NO RAPIDS 
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Offers a Three Years' Course in Veterinary Science 
Complying with all the requirements of the U. 8. 
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LEVIN PRUNER 
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These articles are not given witli a sub¬ 
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333 WEST 30th ST., NEW YORK. 
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Gears thoroughly protected. 
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even 
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