776 
THE RURAIi NEW-TORKEK 
June 5, 1915. 
platform is kept covered about half an 
inch deep with water. As maggots form 
in the manure they move about and down, 
as the manure is wet. They drop into 
the concrete basin and are drowned. Once 
a week or so the water in this basin is let 
out through the pipe into the cistern. It 
may either be pumped back over the 
manure, or pumped out and used as a 
fertilizer. This simple contrivance has 
taken care of about 90 per cent of the 
maggots formed in the manure pile. The 
dead maggots were taken out of the 
basin and counted, and the manure itself 
carefully examined to see how many were 
left. Tests were also made in the stables 
and in nearby houses to see if this remedy 
actually reduced the number of flies. It 
certainly did to a remarkable extent. 
A, picture of such a maggot trap is 
shown at Fig. 293, page 775, this being 
taken from the government bulletin on 
the subject. The point about all this is 
that having discovered the habits of the 
house-fly, and knowing thoroughly just 
how, when and where it breeds, practical 
men are now taking hold of the - subject 
and finding effective remedies. There is 
no use any longer to “swat the fly,” that 
is to try and kill them one by one after 
they have grown up. The thing to do is 
to go right to the cradle, and with the 
energy required to kill one adult put 1,000 
or more of the young flies out of business. 
Commercial Fruit Culture 
The Chautauqua and Erie Grape Belt. 
Part L 
The Home Of Native Grapes. —This 
area given to the growing of grapes is 
known by many people throughout the 
length and breadth of the United States 
as the largest area devoted to the produc¬ 
tion of table grapes of American parent¬ 
age. While it is true that California is 
more extensive in the production of this 
fruit, yet the varieties there grown are 
largely of the Vinifera or Old World spe¬ 
cies, a large part of which is used in 
the manufacture of wines and the produc¬ 
tion of raisins. When the industry was 
first started in the Chautauqua Belt, and 
for many years after its foundation, the 
crop was consumed for dessert purposes, 
but for the past decade a gradual evolu¬ 
tion has been taking place; fewer and 
fewer shipments have been made each 
year to distant markets for table use, 
while more and more of the tonnage has 
been utilized in the manufacture of un¬ 
fermented grape juice. 
Location And Climate. —The Chau¬ 
tauqua and Erie Grape Belt consists of a 
narrow strip of land along the southern 
shore of Lake Erie, which varies in width 
from two to five miles, extending from 
Derby on the east to Erie, Penn., on the 
west, a distance of approximately 65 
miles. Vineyards are planted throughout 
the entire width of this strip from the 
lake on the north to the bounding ridge 
on the south, which limits the area for 
their succesful culture. This ridge has 
an average altitude of over 700 feet above 
the level of the lake, and about 1,300 feet 
above sea level. The atmosphere between 
the lake and the ridge is modified much 
by the absorbed heat of the Summer 
given off by the lake in the Fall and 
Winter, while the development of growth 
is retarded in the Spring by the cold air 
that arises from the ice-covered surface. 
The climate is very unlike that of the 
region just over the ridge. It is not un¬ 
common that severe freezes are reported 
two or three miles to the south, during 
the harvest period, while the freezing 
point has not been threatened within the 
vineyard area. As an illustration of the 
influence of the bounding ridge on the 
climate of the “Belt” I refer to the Fall 
of 1909. In this season, during the har¬ 
vest, ice formed in the middle and east¬ 
ern portions of the region, but owing to 
the heavy foliage, the fruit was not in¬ 
jured. Twenty-five miles to the west, 
where the extreme width of the “Belt” 
is not over two miles, no such freeze oc- 
cured. 
Soil Types. —In general there are 
three parallel east and west roads, tra¬ 
versing the Belt, and in places where the 
Belt widens there are more. These roads 
in general follow the contour of the shore 
lines of the lake. Each road is at a dif¬ 
ferent altitude and is formed of three 
different soil types, namely, Dunkirk 
Clay, Dunkirk Gravel and Dunkirk 
Shale Loam. The Dunkirk Clay grad¬ 
uates into Dunkirk Silt Loam in many 
places. Variations from these soils are 
found in abundance at many places, and 
it is not uncommon for the vineyards of 
an individual grower to include two or 
more soil types. The larger acreage of 
the New York part of the Belt is on 
Dunkirk Clay and Clay Loam. It will 
be readily seen that this region is pe¬ 
culiarly fitted, by soil and climate for 
successful culture of the American grape. 
Extent Of The Industry.— The in¬ 
dustry in this region is about 35 years 
old. Starting with small and scattered 
vineyards, a steady increase in acreage 
has followed until now nearly 40,000 
acres are planted to grapes. The U. S. 
Census Bureau reports 12,930,000 grape¬ 
vines in Chautaqua and Erie counties in 
1S99 and 1G,924,000 in 1909, a 30-per¬ 
cent increase. In the following table 
the amount of grapes, by carloads, that 
has been shipped or sold since 1900 from 
this important region, is shown. These 
figures were compiled by the Grape Belt 
and Farmer. 
Table I. 
Grape Production in Chautauqua Belt, 1900-1913. 
1900 (estimated) 
1901 . 
1902 . 
1903 . 
1904 . 
1905 . 
1906 . 
1907 . 
1908. 
1909. 
1910 (estimated) 
1911 . 
1812. 
1913 . 
1914 . 
8000 cars 
6669 cars 
5062 cars 
2952 ears 
7479 cars 
5362 cars 
5364 cars 
5186 cars 
4323 cars 
7561 cars 
5700 cars 
8100 cars 
7528 cars 
3957 cars 
8386 cars 
91629 cars 
The figures show something of the mag¬ 
nitude of the grape industry in compari¬ 
son with the production of other fruits. 
Of the 8386 cars harvested in 1914, 
2923 cars were pressed into wine and 
unfermented juice. The use of this 
amount of tonnage for these purposes 
eclipsed all former records, while the to¬ 
tal number of cars produced is the rec¬ 
ord yield for the Belt for the past 14 
years. When a grower talks of grapes 
in the Chautauqua Belt, he refers to but 
one, the Concord. This variety com¬ 
prises probably 99 per cent, of the total 
acreage. The Niagara ranks second, 
Worden third and Moore’s Early fourth; 
occasional small acreages of Delaware, 
Catawba, Lindley, Champion, Clinton 
and Agawam are found. It is fortunate 
for the growers that Concord serves so 
well both as a dessert grape and in the 
manufacture of unfermeuted juice, al¬ 
though it is probable that in future years 
other varieties will be utilized for blend¬ 
ing with Concord juice to produce fla¬ 
vors and colors to suit all tastes, Not¬ 
withstanding this, Concord will remain 
the basis for the juice for the masses. 
Setting The Vines. —In the early 
years of grape culture here, it was the 
usual practice to set the roots at a dis¬ 
tance of eight feet, or even less each way. 
Later the pendulum swung toward wider 
planting of nine feet, and 10 in many 
instances. At the present time the stand¬ 
ard distances are eight by eight with some 
favoring rows eight feet apart with vines 
in the rows four to six feet apart. No 
question meets with such diverse opinions 
as the one of planting distances. The 
writer favors the eight by eight spaeings. 
It is often said that in the early days 
of grape growing here, it was only ne¬ 
cessary to stick a vine in the soil and it 
would make a thriving, productive vine 
without much attention. Likewise the 
older growers will tell you of how it was 
necessary to go through the rows with 
the corn knife to cut the shoots apart, 
so that tillage could be done. Such a 
vineyard today is the rare exception. 
The clearing up of woodlands has result¬ 
ed in making vineyards wet, while the 
repeated cultivation has exhausted in 
many cases the humus content of the soil 
to the extent that those soils cannot re¬ 
tain sufficient moisture for the vines’ 
needs. Along with the humus loss has 
gone the once virgin fertility. F. E. o. 
3 feet wide 
Chas. C. Gelder, Princess Anne, Md., says:— 
“My stand of Crimson Clover sown in over 60 
acres of standing corn in 1913 by the Eureka One 
Horse Seeder was the best and most uniform 
I have ever had.” 
A New Seeder—Between Rows 
Reduces Labor and Assures Better Results 
Than From Any Other Method or Machine 
For seeding and covering seed between rows of corn, etc. Sows 
clover, alfalfa, timothy, rye, wheat, oats, buckwheat etc. 17 flat 
teeth cover the seed to any depth desired and leave the field 
level. Wind does not interfere. Seeder mechanism and teeth 
same as used on our large machines for 11 years. Accurate and 
adjusts for various quantities. Shipped from branch near you. 
Eureka One Horse Mulcher and Seeder 
also forms dust mulch and kills weeds. It Is an ideal cultivator 
for farm or garden. Works close to small plants. Any of the 
teeth can be removed. Light weight with greatest strength— 
all parts of steel or malleable iron, except handles. Easily 
operated. Low price. Send for free catalog. 
EUREKA MOWER CO., Box 1200, Utica. N.Y. 
The New GREENWOOD LIME 
and FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTER 
TOP FEED-NO RUSTING 
-NO CLOGGING 
Accurate indicator for 100 to 3,500 lbs. per aero 
whether material be wet, dry, sticky, lumpy, heavj 
or light. Write for booklet R to 
GREENWOOD MFC. CO., Lawrence, Mast. 
We guarantee to diitribute lime with unburnt core or 
small rocks in it. 
CRIMSON CLOVER 
The great soil improver and valuable for early 
green food, grazing and hay crop. Special 
circular free, also sample and price of seed 
sent on request. 
Alfalfa 
High-grade American grown seed. Write for 
sample and price of seed also a copy of our 
Alfalfa Leaflet, free. If in need of Farm Seeds 
of any kind, please write to us for prices. 
HENRY A. DREER 
- PHILADELPHIA. PA. - 
I for potatoes—4 styles to choose from to suit your 
special conditions. We guarantee them to do the 
work we claim for them. All growers know that it pays 
to use diggers even on five acres—they save much 
valuable time and saveall of the crop in good condition. 
I 
IRON AGE p agers 
No. 155 
For 
Heaviest 
Conditions 
Wheels. 32 or 28 Inch, Elevator, ea or 
20 inches wide. Thorough separation 
without injury to the crop. Best two 
wheel fore truck. Right adjustment 
of plow, shifts in gear from the seat. 
Can be backed.turnsshort into next row. 
Ask your dealer about them and 
write us for descriptive looklet. 
BATEMAN 
M’F’G CO. 
Box 20 
Grenloch, N. J. 
Guaranteed Genuine 
/—> • Everlasting Iff "J /* 
Grimm Alfalra 
Produces plants with large branching roots which 
resist winter conditions. Leafier and of better 
feeding value than other varieties. 
Booklet, “How I Discovered The Grimm Alfalfa”, 
and sample free. Will also send testimonials from 
patrons in your locality. 
A. B. Lyman, Grimm Alfalfa Introducer 
Atfalfadale Farm, R. F. D. 3, Excelsior, Minn. 
C YY F F T ^EED, of high quality, specially 
* treated forfull, quick germination. 
^1 rwriPO Prices and information on request. 
L/L/VJ V JC*K E. BARTON, Box 29, Falmouth, Ky 
COW PEAS at WHOLESALE 
MILLET b CLOVER 
* DDt.162.Baltimore.Md. 
Seed Growers and Importers 
Dpt. 162 .Baltimore, Md. 
Established 1870. 
Our Improved 1913 
ACRE-AN-HOUR SIFTER 
beat* every hand implement for killing Potato 
Bugs, Cabbage Worms, etc. Applies Plaster, 
Lime, etc., mixed with Paris Green or Arsenate 
of food. Regulates to cover big or little 
plants, also to apply any quantity of any 
kind of manufactured dry insecticides. Will 
operate as fast as desired. Better, easier 
and faster than any $ 5 , $10 or $15 spray- 
pump. Insist on your dealer showing you 
this wonderful little implement. Prepaid, 
Circulars. 
ACRE-AN-HOUR SIFTER CO., Dept.H, Poughkeepsie, N.T. 
'itcupF 
FRUIT GROWERS’ 
SUPPLIES 
{Baskets, Ladders, Etc. 
SENT) FOR CATALOG I E 
BACON & CO. 
Casport, N. Y. 
INSIST ON YOUR DEALER 
FURNISHING SEED OATS IN 
BAGS BEARING THIS TAG 
Fancy Recleaned 
SEED OATS 
FROM 
TIOGA MILL & ELEVATOR CO. 
WAVERLY NEW YORK 
FRONT 
Thcae SELECTED STOCK from which bite 
Cats, light o*t* Arid pin oalt l«*ve been removed leav¬ 
ing only the beat heavy oat*. They have been rrclean¬ 
ed to remove foul aeed and dirt and before shipment 
have been toted to insure high germinating qualities. 
If you plant oat* to raise oat* and get the largest 
return* (or your work and investment, it will pay you 
to plant only sec<f that will grow and produce strong 
plant*. False and light ooU will not grow. at>d pin 
UU5 grow pin oat*. Good oaU with strong germinat¬ 
ing quailuc» produce atxongef . plant* insuring Jaxgo 
(Stunt* 
BACK 
VEGETABLE PLANTS 
CABBAGE, SWKET POTATO, TOMATO, PEPPER, 
CAULIFLOWER, CELERY, EGG PLANTS 
Leading, varieties. Laige or small lots, by express or 
mail. Catalogue free. 
IIAKltY L. SQl IltES Item sen burg, X. Y. 
Cabbage, Celery, Kohl Rabi, Beets, *Vw Tl £r 
l.OOO. $*.50 per 10.000: TOMATO, SWEET POTATO, $1.50 
per 1,000; OATH FLOW* Eli, PEPPERS, EGO PLANTS, $2.50 
per 1.000. Send fer Met. J. C. SCHMIDT, Brlttol, Pa. 
DI pa Tomato, Cabbage, Pepper and Cei- 
t I Cl 11 lO eir. Also Belgian Hares. Prices 
reasonable. CHESTER N. OE VINE, Cheswold, Delaware 
Vpffpfahlo Planfe— Tomato, Pepper, Celery, Cauli- 
ICgCldUIG ridlllb fl 0wer , cabbage and sweet pota¬ 
to plants. Catalog free. Michael N. Bargo, Vineland, N. J. 
Strawberry Plants 
RUNNERand POT-GROWN forSummerand Fall Planting. 
Catalogue free. HARRY L. SQUIRES, Remsenburo, N. T. 
PLANTS— Leading varieties of Tomatoes, $1; Cab- 
r bage,75c.; Peppers,$1.25; Cauliflower,$2.50;Celery. 
$1.50 per 1,000. Pamphlet free. C. E. FIELD, Sewell, N J. 
T nMAT0- pEPPER -EGG-SWEET POTATO and CELERY 
VIV1HIU PLANTS. Price List on application. 
CUXO BECKER, : VINELAND, N.J, 
T> • J __qp_ • w "?f e lb. Guaranteed. Farmer 
Dlnaer AW me Agents Wanted. Sampleand 
Catalogue Free. Theo. Burt «fc Sons, Melrose, Ohio 
Make your own Fertilizer at small cost with 
Wilson’s Phosphate Mills 
From X to 40 H. P. Send for catalogue. < 
WILSON BROS. Sole Mfrs., Easton, Pa. 
GARDEN AND FARM BOOKS 
Vegetable Gardening, Watts .?1.75 
Productive Vegetable Growing, Lloyd 1.50 
Garden Farming, Corbett .2.00 
Manures and Fertilizers, Wheeler... 1.60 
Farm Manures, Thorne . 1.50 
Farm Management, Warren . 1.75 
Irrigation and Drainage, Xing . 1.50 
For sale by THE RURAL NEW- 
YORKER, 333 W. 30th St., New York. 
SLUG-SHOT 
USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 34 YEARS 
Sold by Seed Dealers of America 
Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbag'e, Melons, Flowers, Trees and 
Shrubs from Insects. Put up in popular packages at popular 
prices. Write for free pamphlet on Bugs and Blights, etc., to 
B. HAMMOND, Beacon, (Fishkill-on-Hudson) New York 
