788 
I'HB KURAIv NEW -YORKEDR. 
June 5, 1915, 
Live Stock and Dairy 
Cream Separator Problems. 
One of the serious problems confront¬ 
ing the gathered cream creamery is to 
keep their patrons satisfied with their 
butter fat test. The fact that many oper¬ 
ators of hand separators do not under¬ 
stand why the test of their cream varies 
from day to day and week to week causes 
no end of dissatisfaction. The simplest 
reason, from the farmers’ viewpoint, is 
that the man doing the testing at the 
creamery is not doing bis work accurate¬ 
ly. It is possible that the operator of the 
Babcock test may make a mistake occa¬ 
sionally, and right here it may be said 
that too much emphasis cannot be placed 
on that word carefulness in operating the 
Babcock test. This chance of an occa¬ 
sional mistake on the part of the tester by 
no means answers the question why there 
is so great a variation in the cream test 
of the hand separator. In fact, were a 
farmer to receive the same test for his 
cream day in and day out, he would have 
much more cause of accusing the cream¬ 
ery man of doing careless inaccurate 
work. 
It is impossible to run a separator un¬ 
der farm conditions without having varia¬ 
tions in the test of the cream occur. The 
causes of the variations may be any one 
or any combination of the following: 
1. Variations in the speed of the sep¬ 
arator. 
2. Variation in the temperature of the 
milk separated. 
3. Rate milk flows into the machine. 
4. Amount of flush water or skim-milk 
used in flushing the bowl. 
5. Change in the richness of the milk 
separated. 
(i. Adjustment of the cream screw. 
7. Steadiness of running. 
Variations in the speed of the separa¬ 
tor is a most common cause. On most 
separators the speed of the crank is given 
on the crank. This means that with 
other factors right the machine will do 
its best work only when turned at or 
very near the required speed. The com¬ 
mon causes of improper speed are sep¬ 
arating a large amount of milk in a small 
capacity machine and frequent changes 
of operators. In nine cases out of 10 
after a man has turned a separator 15 
minutes he unconsciously drops off on his 
speed. If the farmer does the separating 
to-day, his boy to-morrow, and the hired 
man the next day, and so on, the speed 
will vary all the more from the required. 
All this means not only a variation of 
the per cent of fat in the cream, but 
where the machine is turned at too low a 
speed, an actual loss in dollars to the 
farmer. That is, turning a crank at too 
low speed results in lower test in cream 
and a higher testing skim-milk. The low 
speed of the crank affects the speed of 
the bowl, so that a complete separation 
does not take place. Suppose the sepa¬ 
rator is turned to-day at the proper speed 
and to-morrow an average of 10 or 15 
revolutions below the proper speed ; this 
change in speed is enough to affect a va¬ 
riation in the test of the cream from one 
to 15 per cent, the greater variation oc¬ 
curring when the cream screw is set for 
a thick cream. The operator should time 
bis turning with watch in one hand while 
turning with the other. In a short time 
he will almost automatically turn the 
crank at the proper speed. Two or three 
types of speed indicators of merit are now 
on the market, and where much hand 
skimming is done it will doubtless pay to 
invest in one of them. 
A separator will do its best work when 
the milk is at a temperature of 00 degrees 
to 100 degrees F. In the case of most 
machines if colder milk than this is sep¬ 
arated less and richer cream and richer 
skim-milk are the results. Variations in 
the test of cream due to temperature of 
separation may range from one to five per 
cent. 
If the faucet of the machine is fully 
open the inflow into the bowl is regulated 
by a float, so that variations due to in¬ 
sufficient inflow are rather rare. 
When a small amount of cream is sep¬ 
arated it is easy to vary the test of the 
cream by adding perhaps only a pint more 
of flush water on one day than on an¬ 
other. Care should be taken to use a con¬ 
stant amount of flush water. A quart of 
water at temperature of milk separated 
is enough unless a large amount of thick 
cream is separated at one time. 
The wide variation of the per cent of 
fat in milk causes a great variation in 
the test of cream. In separating equal 
amounts of rich and thin milk, more 
cream is not obtained from the rich milk, 
but a richer cream is obtained. The 
causes of the variation of the per cent 
of fat in milk are numerous, and hardly 
within the province of this article. With 
these understood it will be seen we have 
another good reason for a variation in 
the per cent of fat in separator cream. 
Probably nearly all the owners of sep¬ 
arators understand the manipulating of 
the cream screw, turning toward center 
of bowl for rich cream, and away from 
center of bowl for thin cream. It is a 
strange fact, however, that the average 
run of farm separator cream tests from 
20 to 25 per cent. It should be under¬ 
stood that buttermakers can get better 
results from a 30 or 35 per cent cream, 
that this richer cream will keep better 
than thinner cream, that more skim- 
milk will be left at home for stock feed¬ 
ing and less cream will have to be hauled 
over the road to the creamery. It is the 
fat in the cream that counts, and the sep¬ 
arator will do just as good work when 
separating a 30 per cent cream as when 
separating a 20 per cent cream. 
See to it that machine sets level and on 
a firm foundation. A machine that does 
not run steadily does not separate com¬ 
pletely, and low-testing cream and high 
testing skim-milk is result. 
It would seem that the separator agent 
would do well to give the farmer a little 
more enlightenment along these lines, 
when he soils him a machine. The owner 
of the separator would certainly do well 
to have the skim-milk of his hand sep¬ 
arator tested often, as therein can usually 
be read the reason for a wide variation in 
the test of the cream from time to time. 
II. F. JUDKINS. 
Telling Age of Cow. 
Is it possible with any degree of ac¬ 
curacy to tell the age of a cow that 
has been dishorned? s. P. F. 
New Jersey. 
The age of a cow cannot be accurate¬ 
ly determined by examining the rings on 
the horns, but an expert can make such 
a determination by examining the teeth 
and taking the horns into account. The 
best way to learn this is to examine the 
teeth of various cattle of known age, and 
also to study books on the subject. 
A. S. A. 
Thriftless Pigs. 
I have five pigs six months old, weigh 
about 100 pounds apiece; feed two quarts 
of brown middlings three times a day and 
one ear of corn apiece. Two of them 
are sick : they get stupefied and stiff, will 
not eat much, and when they do eat they 
make a snoring noise like choking. ()ne 
has a large lump under its jaws. This 
lump seems soft and does not appear to 
hurt it. I would like your advice. 
Pennsylvania. j. h. k. 
Give the pigs free range on grass or 
other green pasture and feed slop of 
mixed meals once a day and an ear or 
two of corn in addition. Allow free ac¬ 
cess to slaked lime, wood ashes and wood 
charcoal. Paint the lump with tincture 
of iodine every other day. If the pigs 
pass worms in their manure give them 
the treatment for worms often prescribed 
here. a. s. a. 
Quittor. 
I have a horse I caulked on inside of 
right fore foot, just above hoof, on Feb¬ 
ruary 15. It fails to heal properly; dis¬ 
charges some at times. I have used lin¬ 
iment. twice a day, washed with warm 
water occasionally and used peroxide. I 
did not use him until about 10 days ago, 
and since then have worked him on farm 
every day and he seems none the worse 
for it; is not shod at present, limps only 
on trot. I think probably there is hair 
in wound. Must I have this cut out, 
or will it eventually come all right? 
New York. f. k. 
Clip the hair from the hoof-head and 
cleanse perfectly. Scrape out the wound 
to rid it of hair, horn, dirt or diseased 
tissues, then inject a 1-500 solution of 
corrosive sublimate. Afterward poultice 
for a week with hot flaxseed meal and in¬ 
ject again. After the second injection 
dust the wound twice daily with a mix¬ 
ture of one part each of tannic acid and 
powdered alum and six parts of boric 
acid; then cover with absorbent cotton 
and a bandage. a. s. a. 
SANITATION 
IS THE RELIABLE METHOD 
FOR PREVENTING 
FOOT AND 
MOUTH DISEASE 
HOG CHOLERA 
AND ALL OTHER CONTAGIOUS 
DISEASES. 
You can make all live-stock 
quarters sanitary by using 
KRESO Dip No. 1 
The Standardized, Reliable 
Dip and Disinfectant 
We will send you free a booklet on the 
treatment of mange, eczema or pitch 
mange, arthritis, sore mouth, etc. 
We will send you free a booklet on 
how to build a hog wallow, which will 
keep hogs clean and healthy. 
We will send you free a booklet on 
how to keep your hogs free from lice and 
parasites and disease. 
Write for them—they are free. 
KRESO DIP No. 1 has been used at 
the large state fairs in the United States 
for the last ten years to prevent the 
spread of contagious disease. It has done 
it, and KRESO DIP No. 1 wiU do the 
same for you on the farm. 
KRESO DIP No. 1 is Easy to Use—Reli¬ 
able— For Sale by All Druggists— 
Effective—Not Expensive. 
PARKE, DAVIS & CO. 
Dep’t Animal Industry. 0ETR0IT, MICH. 
Globe 
oney Saving Prices 
ON FEED. Send for booklet nnd 
“direct to the farmer” price, on 
ANCHOR MOLASSES FEEDS 
Elevator Co,, 81 Kentucky, St. Buffalo, N. Y 
Pure Feedinc Molasses 
Wo are first hands and can quote you absolutely bottom 
prices, delivered your station, in lots of anywhere from 
one barrel to a trainload. Write for booklet. 
THE MEADER-ATLAS CO. 
N. Y, Office, 107 Hudson Street, New York City 
HHOI AQCCQ BEST FEED FOR 
IVlULHOOCiO PIGS AND CALVES 
PHILADELPHIA MOLASSES CO., 1055 Beach St.. Phila.. Pa. 
HORSE LAME? 
Use K INDIG'S Famous 
OISiTflKNT. A sure cure 
for bone, bog, and blood 
spavin, ringbone, curb, Boft bunches, splint, ele. 50 cents,' post¬ 
paid. £. bin dig, Jr., Remedy Co., 4825 Woodland Are., Phila. 
Free Box of Samples 
sent to your station chai’ges prepaid. 
Delivered prices quoted on request. 
All sizes, 2 inches to 20 inches. 
THE E. BIGL0W CO., New London, 0. 
Upward 
ON 
TRIAL 
AMERICAN CREAM 
SEPARATOR 
a SOLID PROPOSITION to send (all, 
guarinleed, a new, well made, easy 
running, perfect skimming Separator 
(or $15.95. Skims warm or cold 
milk: making heavy or light cream. 
The bowl is a unitary marvel, easily 
cleaned. 
ABSOLUTELY ON APPROVAL 
Gears thoroughly protected. 
Different from this picture, which 
illustrates our large capacity 
machines. W.atern erdera filled from 
Wealern pointa. Whether your 
dairy is large or small write for our 
handsome free catalog. Address: 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. 
BOX 3075 Bainbridge, N. Y. 
ABSORBINE 
TRADE MARK REG.U.S.PAT. OFF. 
Removes Bursal Enlargements, 
Thickened, Swollen Tissues, 
Curbs, Filled Tendons, Sore¬ 
ness from any Bruise or Strain; 
Stops Spavin Lameness, Allays pain. 
U)oes not Blister, remove the hair or 
lay up the horse. $2.00 a bottle, 
delivered. Book 1 K free. 
ABSORBINE, JR., the antiseptic lini¬ 
ment for mankind. For Synovitis, Strains, 
Gouty or Rheumatic deposits, Swollen, 
Painful-Varicose Veins. Will tell you 
more if you write. $1 and $2 per bottle at 
dealers or delivered. Manufactured only by 
MINERALS 
HEAVEJL 
COMPOUND 
Booklet 
Free 
NEGLECT 
Will Ruin 
Your Horse 
Sold on 
Its Merits 
SEND TODAY 
AGENTS 
WANTED 
$3 Package 
guaranteed to give 
satisfaction or 
money refunded 
111 Package sufficient 
l for ordinary cases. 
| Postpaid on receipt of price 
Write for descriptive booklet^ 
MINERAL HEAVE REMEDY CO., 461 Fourth A«e., Pittsburg, Pa. 
Wien ! Don t 8 amble wlth 
DC Vi ISC • Colic. Play safe. 
TREAT THE HORSE WITH 
Dr. Leslire's 
\/ C T c PINA P? V 
Colic Drops 
Relief is quick, sure, and the horse is ready for 
work. If you are wise you will keep it on hand 
as a precaution. 
SATISFACTION 
or 
MONEY BACK 
$1.00 at your Dealer’s 
or direct from 
Dr. J. G. LESURE 
141 WinchesterStreet 
KEENE, N. H. 
and Farm Account Book--FREK 
^ore Shoulders and Wounds, while horse works. Money back if it fails. Sample 
1UOKMOUK GALL CUKE CO., Box 80, Old Town, Ale 
P§gg8 
reiami 
M1S& 
MICA 
AXLE GR1 
Used everywhere and everywhere 
known as the best. 
STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF NEW YORK 
Principal Stations 
New York 
Buffalo 
Albany 
Boston 
MICA AXLE GREASE 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a 
quick reply and a “square deal.'’ See guarantee editorial page. : : : 
