904 
THE R.UR.A-L 
Lire Stock and Dairy 
Pigs in Oats and Peas. 
Last Spring I followed your advice and 
planted two bushels of Canada field peas 
and some oats in a patch I wished to 
plant to late potatoes. Last week we 
plowed this mixture under and planted 
the potatoes. Some of the peas were 
2 y 2 feet high, and just beginning to 
bloom. How tall will these peas grow? 
I also had five sows that brought 39 
pigs. I had to sell most of them off on 
account of not having the room to raise 
them. When these pigs were small they 
spent a great deal of their time in these 
peas. They were right next to the hog 
lot. Now the idea came to me that if 
these peas are good pig feed and I had 
had them in a place where I could have 
used them it would have been a profitable 
investment if I had been able to help 
these pigs and 'matured them. I also had 
corn to feed them. What can you tell 
me about the feeding qualities of these 
peas for pigs, and would my propos tion 
work? S. c. IJ. 
Ohio. 
Yes, this proposition has been worked 
out by many farmers by pasturing igs 
on a succession of green crops. You 
could have kept the pigs in the oats and 
peas until the land was plowed for po¬ 
tatoes. The pigs would have eaten most 
of the crop down, hut there would not 
have been much loss of fertility. The 
following table gives the comparative 
value of various green pasture crops: 
Car- 
Pro- boliy- 
Woter to in drates Fa 
Red clover . . . 
.80 
0.1 
o r> 
0.0 
0.6 
Pens and oats 
. 80 
2.9 
8.8 
O.G 
Dwarf Lss'x 
rape... 85 
1.9 
7.2 
O.G 
Canada ocas 
. 85 
3.2 
G.l 
0.5 
Thus you will see 'that the peas alone 
are about the same as clover, while the 
peas and oats together "five good feed. 
The oats add to the bulk of the crop 
and hold the peas off the ground. We 
have had these peas grow to four feet 
or more, but it depends on the soil and 
the season. Some farmers sow the oats 
and peas and add the seed of Dwarf Es¬ 
sex rape and sorghum. Pigs arc turned 
in to eat the peas and oats, and when 
those are eaten down the pigs are put in 
another field. Then the rape and sor¬ 
ghum come on and make more pasture. 
By having two or three, fields handled in 
this way the pigs are turned from one to 
another and thus have good pasture un¬ 
til frost. With a small amount of dry 
grain in addition they make pork at a 
low figure and the soil is greatly im¬ 
proved. 
Viie Value of Skim-milk. 
We are going to show the feeding value 
of skim-milk—convinced that this de¬ 
spised product is worth more than most 
“authorities” state. The valu of butter 
fat is well understood. Now we must 
make skim-milk values clear. Here is an 
extract from Circular 4S of the Kansas 
Agricultural College,, which gives some 
good points: 
Several years ago the Kansas Experi¬ 
ment Station carried on experiments to 
demonstrate the value of skim-milk as 
compared with whole milk as a food for 
calves. Thirty calves were divided into 
three groups. One lot was fed on skim- 
milk, another on whole milk, and still an¬ 
other lot was nursed by their mothers. 
The following table chows the results of 
these experiments: 
Experiment. 
2 
U 
p 
CO 
© 
O 
M» 
O 
P 
& 
© 
£ 
tr 2 
Is 
^ P 
o 5* 
e b 
5*3 
Cb O 
03 M 
J 
b-5. 
g-5* 
O'er? 
W » 
§5- 
CL (T> 
72 't 
a 
* 
w 3 
Skim milk.... 
10 
154 
223 
1.51 
$2.26 
Whole milk. . 
10 
154 
287 
1.86 
7.60 
Running with 
dam . 
10 
154 
248 
1.77 
4.41 
The calves nursed by their dams and 
those fed whole milk made slightly better 
gains than those fed on skim-milk, but it 
was at much greater expense. The skim- 
milk calves consumed 122 pounds of grain 
per hundred pounds of gain, while the 
whole-milk calves consumed 58 pounds of 
grain and 31.8 pounds of butter fat in the 
milk. At this rate a hundred pounds of 
grain is equivalent in feeding value to 48 
pounds of fat. After the calf-feeding ex¬ 
periment had closed, the calves, which 
were steers, were put in the feed lot and 
fed for a period of seven months. The re¬ 
sults of this experiment'are very interest¬ 
ing. The calves in the skim-milk lot 
made the best gains, those that were fed 
on whole milk ranked second, while the 
lot raised by the dams stood last. 
Skim-milk calves will not look quite so 
thrifty for the first few months as calves 
fed on whole milk or allowed to run with 
their mothers, but at the end of the year 
there will not be much difference in size, 
if any difference, the skim-milk calves will 
be better, provided they have been prop¬ 
erly fed. The skim-milk calf becomes ac¬ 
customed to eating grain and hay early 
in life, consequently when it is weaned 
the change of feed is not so noticeable as 
it is with the whole-milk calf, and it does 
not suffer a setback at this time. The 
calf that has been fed on whole milk has 
not been accustomed to getting very much 
of its nutrients from grain and hay, and 
invariably does not gain as rapidly as 
does the skim-milk calf for the first two 
or three weeks after it is weaned. 
The stud,’ of the following table will 
reveal the fact (jjrit there is very little 
difference Dntween the composition of 
whole end ;:him-milk: 
Whole milk. 
Skim milk. 
Water ... 
. 87.10% 
90.50% 
Fat . 
. 3.90 
.10 
Casein ant. 
albumin. 3.40 
3.57 
Sugar .... 
. 4.75 
4.95 
Ash . 
.78 
The skim-milk differs from whole milk 
in that most of the fat has been removed. 
The other constituents are proportionate¬ 
ly increased. The fat in milk is the least 
important constituent as far as calf-rais¬ 
ing is concerned. On the other hand, the 
fat is the most important constituent in 
relation to the manufacture of dairy pro¬ 
ducts. The fat is used by the animal 
body to supply heat and energy and more 
fat on the body. Other feeding stuff, such 
as corn or similar grain, can be fed to 
take the place of fat. 
The casein, albumin and ash are the 
most important constituents of milk for 
the growing calf. These substances are 
used by the body for making muscle, 
nerve, bone, hair, hide and hoofs. These 
elements are left in skim-milk. Then by 
separating the whole nilk, selling the 
high-priced butter fat, and mbstituting a 
cheap grain ration instead, calves can be 
raised more cheaply. 
Clearin Jut Hog Lice. 
What have you found the most practi¬ 
cal treatment for hog lice? We frequent¬ 
ly have questions from readers whose 
hogs have, in some way, become lousy, 
and we would like to know what practi¬ 
cal men do to clean out this pest. Have 
you ever used the “hog oilers” now being 
advertised ? 
The most effective treatment for hog 
lice is the use of crude petroleum. This 
costs about 10 cents a gallon. The use 
of kerosene emulsion and some of the 
coal-tar dips occasionally produces abor¬ 
tion if used on sows advanced in gesta¬ 
tion. We shut the pigs or older swine to 
be treated in a stall or pen, so that they 
are rather closely confined or crowded to¬ 
gether ; bed down the pen with straw and 
sprinkle the crude oil over them, leaving 
them in the pen together for several 
hours. What oil drips on the straw will 
take care of the lice on the under side of 
the pig and between the legs. Another 
treatment a week or two later is advisa¬ 
ble. Application may be made with a 
brush or an old broom if but two or three 
are to be treated. The pen should be 
sprayed or sprinkled with the oil, as well 
as the nest. We have never used the hog 
oilers, have intended to try them; but 
would have to have too many, and as our 
hogs are on range all the time it would 
be necessary to have some fixture or foun¬ 
dation to which they would be attached. 
We used dips for years. The lice seemed 
to fatten on most of them. They have 
their purpose; but we believe crude oil 
more effective for lice. 
New York. H. G. harpending. 
We have not used any of the “hog oil- 
erss” on the market, but have used home¬ 
made oilers having the same general plan 
of construction. Oil will certainly kill 
the lice very thoroughly and quickly. It 
will also stay on the hogs for some time, 
and gradually work over the entire skin, 
killing lice that would otherwise hatch. 
However, our experience has been that in 
most cases, oil reacts by causing the skin 
to scale and become brittle. Perhaps 
some of the special oils offered by people 
selling these “hog oilers” may not have 
such an effect, and if so, we would con¬ 
sider a “hog oiler” the best possible plan 
to rid hogs of lice. At the present time 
we are using a prepared dip, and this we 
find the most satisfactory as well as the 
cheapest way to keep our hogs free from 
lice. This article has many advantages; 
the initial cost is low, it disinfects, pre¬ 
vents disease, cures mange and kills lice, 
sweetens the pens, floors and troughs; 
may be applied with brush, spray, or by 
dipping. We have tried several of the 
mixtures recommended in government ag¬ 
ricultural bulletins, but find that usually 
such preparations cost considerably more 
than is apparent at the outset, besides 
being very impractical for the average 
farmer. In short, we consider the use of 
a good quality prepared dip to be the best 
and cheapest way for the average farmer 
to rid his hogs of lice. These dips are 
mixed (with warm water) according to 
directions, and may be applied to the hogs 
by using a stiff brush, and to the pens, 
etc., by using either a spray or an ordi¬ 
nary sprinkling pot. victor farms. 
I find that crude oil is the best of any¬ 
thing I have tried for lice on hogs. My 
NEW-YORKER 
way of using is with a brush, well rubbed 
on. It will cure any skin disease as well. 
The oilers work well, but if one has a 
number of different lots that he keeps 
hogs in the cor/; is considerable, and in 
cold weather do not amount to much. In 
hot weather I dig a shallow hole, put in 
a few pails of water and two to four 
quarts of oil, and the hogs will take care 
of themselves; pigs four weeks old will 
get right in, and as the oil is on top will 
coat themselves all over and kill lice and 
nits, and leave the hair and skin soft and 
smooth. In cold weather spray the nests 
with oil. It costs about 12 cents a gallon 
by the barrel and a barrel will go a long 
way. c. E. BARNES. 
We have had some trouble with hog 
lice and found them very persistant. I 
believe a mixture of lard, or rough grease, 
and coal oil the most practical treatment 
I like to pour it along their backs, and 
they rub it n each other. We have 
never tried the “hog oilers.” 
Pennsylvania. wilmer a. twining. 
I have never used f re hog oiler; the 
best treatment I have used is crude pe¬ 
troleum. or ground oil, as some call it, 
used with a common spray pump. I also 
have used diluted “lamp oil” with warm 
water in spray with good results. Spray 
all fresh bedding and hog buildings on 
inside once a week, two or three times, 
Pennsylvania. M. H. taylor. 
Health Board Dairy Inspection. 
Decs the New York Board of Health 
pay its inspectors? A local veterinarian 
has examined all the dairies taking mi k 
to our station and the farmers have to 
settle the bill. I received a receipted bill 
from the doctor today for $9.90, the same 
being taken from the amount of the milk 
check. We have GG head of which num¬ 
ber 33 are milking the rest being dry 
(three in number) and young stock over 
six months. He has made a charge of 
15 cents a head for us and our two im¬ 
mediate neighbors, nearly $20 for three 
hours or less of work, some of the stock 
being merely seen from a distance or in 
the case of ours not all were even to be 
seen. What right has the Board of 
Health to charge us with such a bill? 
We ordered no examination, but we of 
course did not oppose it. In my opinion 
the whole examination is just plain graft, 
with absolutely no assurance of better 
milk from healthier cows for New York 
City. If the paying out of this money 
would assure us of some benefit either 
permanent or temporary it would not he 
so bad. I know of no cows condemned in 
the whole proceeding, a certificate of 
health being granted which says the stock 
to be “apparently sound and healthy.” 
New York. A. 
My understanding of this recent re¬ 
quirement of the New York City Board 
of Health is that a veterinarian’s exam¬ 
ination of all cows producing milk of 
“B” grade to be shipped into the city 
must be had. The requirement was made 
of the milk shippers and was, of course, 
promptly saddled upon the milk pro¬ 
ducers by them. In my own locality, the 
dairymen have contracts with the buyers, 
which contracts do not specify that milk 
of “B” grade shall be delivered at the 
shipping stations, and I have never been 
able to see how a veterinary examination 
of their cows could be required of them, 
and at their expense. This examination 
has been made by local veterinarians, 
however, and the producers have paid the 
nominal fee required. I see no “graft” 
in it; the veterinarians are paid a small 
fee and earn it. The cursory examina¬ 
tion which they can make for this fee is, 
of course, of no value save for the pur¬ 
pose of detecting such evident cases of 
disease as would be apparent to ordin¬ 
ary observers, and can weed out only 
such animals as no ordinarily conscien¬ 
tious dairyman would keep in his herd. 
It is in line with the constantly increas¬ 
ing restrictions placed upon producers of 
milk for dew York City., however, and 
such producers need entertain no hope 
that the end has been reached. It is 
right and necessary that New York City 
should guard its milk supply and shut 
out all unwholesome dairy products; it 
is is equally necessary that dairymen 
should be paid enough for their ir' _ to 
enable them to meet just reqiv reinente 
and have a surplus for their owr sup¬ 
port. New York will look after its own 
needs; until dairymen learn to combine 
and act together, their needs will be dis¬ 
regarded. M. B. D. 
July 10, 1915. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
‘square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
de 
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Will positively produce more milk than any 
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and do it without giving your cows constipa¬ 
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7 Absolutely free from adulterants and fillers, just 1'ke 
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Sold on a plan of "mono, back if you .r. not satisfied.'* 
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Reduces Strained, Puffy Ankles, 
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ANTISEPTIC AND GERMICIDE 
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ABSORBINE, JR., antiseptic liniment for mankind re 
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MINERAL' 
In use 
over 
HEAVE^s 
■COMPOUND 
Booklet 
Free __ 
S3 Package guaranteed to give satisfaction or money 
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THE GRAND RAPIDS 
VETERINARV COLLEGE 
Offers a Three Years’ Course in Veterinary Science 
Complying with all the requirements of the U. 8. 
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63 LOUIS ST., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 
Only $2 Down 
One Year to Payllp^ 
Buys the New Butter- r" 
' ' : A 
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^3 flJL easy cleaning, close skim- 
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. a lifetime. Skims 95 qts. 
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ou uays rrewiiini and moro by what 
it saves"7n"croam. Postal brings Free cat¬ 
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buy from the manufacturer and save half. 
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221 2 Marshall Blvd. CHICAGO 
THE 
Animals’ 
..friend 
For keeping flics and many 
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endorsed since 1885 by lead- 
.ng dairymen. 
3.1 WORTH SAVES $20.00 
i r milk and flesh on each cow 
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AM*tr„keepln- animals from irritating sores by rubbinv or 
Stamping. Excellent for lice and mites in poultry houses, 
d, - — r* ($1.50 west ol Mississippi River) ../bring 
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Keep a can of Zenoleum always handy—it’s the best live 
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l@L 
PlsmreiT-aT 
Used and T.adorsed by SO Agricultural Colleges 
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