974 
THE RUHA Is, N E W-YORKER 
July 31, 1915. 
Live Stock and Dairy 
Notes on Cutting Silage Corn. 
“To have silage keep well the corn 
must be cut at the proper stage of ma¬ 
turity,” the New Hampshire Experiment 
Station states. The heaviest yielding va¬ 
riety which will reach the glazing stage 
is the one to grow. The most nutritious 
silage is made from corn cut at the glaz¬ 
ing stage. with the ear on. The ears 
are just as valuable in silage as pulled 
and fed as whole corn or corn meal. If 
silage is cut before the glazing stage, too 
much acid develops, and if cut after, 
water must be added to insure it properly 
keeping. If a part of the field is more 
advanced than another, cut the more 
mature corn and put it in the bottom of 
the silo and the greener above. Frost 
will hurt corn little, provided the corn 
is cut soon after being affected by the 
frost, and immediately siloed. 
The experiments of the Geneva, N. Y. 
Station, show from the tasseling stage to 
the glazing stage that corn increases very 
rapidly in dry matter content. In the 
tasseling stage it contains four-fifths ton 
of dry matter to the acre; 10 days later 
when fully silked, the dry matter is 
doubled, while five or six weeks after 
the tasseling period, when the kernels 
are glazing there is 4% times as much 
dry matter in the acre, nearly twice as 
much corn and one-half more water. 
When ripened a little over two weeks 
later, the Geneva Experiment Station 
found five times as much dry matter, less 
weight of corn and water. 
Where Milking Machines Pay. 
“We must get a milking machine,” one 
farmer remarked, “or it will be necessary 
to sell our dairy. I have had three hired 
men so far this year, and two of them 
did not know how to milk, and the third 
one could milk but very little. I cannot 
see how a milking machine could get on 
the cow’s nerves any more than to a 
hired hand, unfamiliar with milking.” 
This farmer’s complaint is common, 
and A. B. Garris of Chautauqua County, 
N. Y., says that a milking machine is 
vastly superior to the poor milker, and 
he would prefer the machine to the aver¬ 
age milker. “I have 16 cows, and have 
a two-unit installation of a low priced 
machine. Each unit milks a cow. and I 
am able to do my milking much easier 
and in less time than when two or three 
of us did it by hand. It was necessary 
for me to keep a hired man during the 
entire Summer before I had the milker, 
but now my man has gone and I get 
along fully as well without him as I did 
in the days of hand milking with the 
man. My boy is 10 years of age, and 
he can do the work of changing the units 
from one cow to the next fully as well 
as I can, and if I left the entire milking 
to him. I am satisfied I would have no 
cause for worry. The cows would be 
better milked by him and the machine 
than by a careless hand milker. 
“When I purchased my machine it was 
at the season when cows were expected 
to shrink, and I found my herd increas¬ 
ing in flow rather than decreasing. I 
find the machine has not injured the 
cows in any way, and I believe the 
heifers enjoy being milked with the ma¬ 
chine. When the cows are drying up it 
does not pay to use the machine, but that 
is at the season when the Summer dairy¬ 
man has more time and less milking. 
“The milking machine is becoming a 
necessity. It will do more to systematize 
farm work than any other machine. We 
farmers use the plow but a few weeks 
each year, the mower but a week or two 
and the harvester less than a week each 
year, while we use the milker twice daily 
from eight to ten months each year. A 
small two-horse gasoline engine will do 
the milking on a pint of gasoline, the 
cost for oil is negligible. I have had my 
machine for nearly two years and I have 
not spent one cent for repairs. Should 
it be necessary to secure repairs, they 
cost but little.” 
Ration for Heifers. 
Will you suggest a balanced ration for 
a growing Guernsey heifer one year old. 
and also for a milking cow? G. w. r. 
Pennsylvania. 
A Guernsey heifer one year old will 
grow and develop better under natural 
conditions if given the range of a good 
sized pasture where plenty of sweet 
tender grass is growing than she will if 
confined in a small yard and stall-fed. 
If only a limited range is available which 
must be supplemented with commercial 
feeding stuffs a good ration may be made 
up as follows: Two pounds wheat bran, 
two pounds ground oats, one pound stand¬ 
ard wheat middlings. This should be di¬ 
vided into two parts and fed morning 
and night with all the good clover or 
Alfalfa hay that will be eaten. Plenty 
of out-door exercise where there is good 
shade is very important during the Sum¬ 
mer months. 
A good ration for a milking cow may 
be made as follows : Five pounds brewers’ 
dried grains, four pounds dried beet pulp 
(soaked), two pounds corn meal, one 
P>.rnd cottonseed meal. 
This should be divided into two feeds 
and fed morning and night with all the 
good mixed hay, clover or Alfalfa, that 
will be eaten. If pasturage is available 
this ration may be reduced considerably. 
A good cow should produce a large flow 
of milk on this ration under favorable 
conditions. Any change in a ration for 
a cow or in the method of feeding should 
be made gradually and the quantity fed 
should be regulated by the cow’s appetite 
and the amount of milk she is giving. 
You may be able to make substitutions 
or modifications of these rations to suit 
your special conditions, as all rations 
must be changed occasionally to meet 
local conditions and the different sea¬ 
sons of the year. c. s. G. 
Sheep and Dogs. 
In about every case the dog gets the 
blame. Why not place it right where it 
belongs, on the owners? There are dogs 
in plenty that cannot be trained, and 
such have no excuse for living, but not 
one out of a hundred is naturally vicious. 
If a little pains and trouble be taken at 
'V first, dogs will stay where they be¬ 
long, at home. In the city there may be 
excuse for dogs roving for lack of exer¬ 
cise, but in the country the average farm 
provides plenty of room for his welfare. 
There is no more need or necessity of 
allowing dogs to roam at will than to 
allow cows or horses to do so. What is 
better is that an intelligent dog may 
easily be taught the boundaries of the 
place and kept within those boundaries. 
But one cannot expect to teach him to 
stay home and then take him all over 
the country. We have on our place at 
all times 10 to 12 dogs and not one will 
go through an open gate into the road. 
We like dogs but we like them well 
enough to train them to stay where they 
belong—at home. Ninety-nine cases out 
of 100 blame the owner, not the dog. 
Massachusetts. w. R. G. 
New York Milk Law. 
Can you help me out as to the law re¬ 
garding the different grades of milk and 
the kind of caps one must put on milk 
bottles? Does this law apply to coun¬ 
try places? I sell my milk to private 
customers in a little railroad town of 
100 people. A milkman in Buffalo tells 
me I can use the second grade cap and 
be safe but if I have to use any special 
cap I would rather use the third, as my 
customers are satisfied with the milk as 
it is. E. it. P. 
New York. 
Anyone retailing milk within this 
State must have a permit from the health 
officer of his municipality. The health 
officer will score the dairy of any re¬ 
tailer and will thus determine under 
which grade the milk from it may be 
sold. Grade “C” is the lowest and may 
be adopted by anyone who does not care 
to meet the more stringent requirements 
of the higher grades. All milk caps and 
tags affixed to the containers of milk to 
be sold must be marked “Grade C, Raw,” 
:‘n red letters upon a white background, 
if this is the grade under which the milk 
is offered. The requirements for grade 
C are not onerous, only simple precau¬ 
tions for cleanliness in producing and 
handling the milk being needed; it is not 
at all unlikely that this grade will be 
abolished in the near future, however, 
and that those wishing to retail milk will 
be required to meet the more stringent 
requirements of the higher grades. 
M. B. D. 
Feeding Colts on Skim-milk. 
Last season we lost a very fine Shet¬ 
land broodmare with tetanus, when her 
foal was 12 days old. The baby was 
very hungry before it was introduced to 
skim-milk with the animal heat still in 
it, separated milk. It shoved its nose 
to the bottom of a china bowl with a 
proper quantity in it and drank as 
though it had always been accustomed to 
drinking that way. It grew as well as 
could be, when one of the family gave it 
too much oatmeal at three or four months 
old. One day it was attacked with cramp 
colic and though we did all for it that 
we could do, the family was very soon 
bereft of one of the most attractive pets 
ever born on the place. We have a neigh¬ 
bor girl who was given an orphan foal. 
She raised him on skim-milk and still 
owns him, a fine, well-developed half- 
bred Shetland and Indian. In our opin¬ 
ion the talk of soft muscles and low' en¬ 
durance is nonsense, though we could not 
disprove any one’s statement to the ef¬ 
fect. HARTZELL BROS. 
Ohio. 
I have fed both whole and skim-milk 
to young colts with very good results. 
My experience was entirely with pure¬ 
bred draft colts where greater size and 
early maturity meant a substantial in¬ 
crease in value and a quicker sale. The 
first Percheron stallion colt that I fed 
skim-milk in addition to the regular 
grain and hay ration weighed 1S00 
pounds at two years old, and sold at that 
age for a higher price than the average 
four-year-old. Both whole and skim- 
milk is fed to draft colts in France and 
on many stock farms in the Western 
States, especially to young stock intended 
lor show animals at the State fairs and 
the International at Chicago. Early ma¬ 
turity for either breeding, work, or sale 
is one of the desirable features of the 
draft breeds, and the feeding of milk in 
any form will help materially if you have 
a high-class draft colt. I do not believe 
it would pay to feed milk to colts of no 
particular breeding. I have never seen 
any injurious effects of feeding milk to 
colts. We are getting further away each 
year from the old theory that we should 
turn colts out to rough it at the straw 
slack in the Winter to make them tough. 
Breeding and feeding is the only road to 
success, whether you raise one colt or 
many, and skim-milk is a valuable food 
for colts when it is available on the farm. 
New York. E. s. AKIN. 
We have never had any experience in 
feeding skim-milk to young colts, but 
know some people that did feed it, and 
their colts afterward went to pieces. It 
might do by feeding a little along with 
grain, but what I have heard of other 
people’s success with skim-milk with colts 
I would not advise feeding it. 
Kentucky. j. t. COOK. 
ITT 
x 
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Ration for Pigs. 
Will you pilease tell us how to make 
up a ration for growing pigs? We have 
25 sows and 25 harrows, which were born 
from March 26 to April 23. They are 
in a lot about one-quarter acre, plenty 
of shade and water. They are fat, lusty 
fellows, but short. We get beans from 
the soup factory for the hauling, which 
we cook and feed to them. Middlings 
are $1.80 per ewt., bran $1.50 per cwt., 
cornmeal $1.65 per cwt., ground meat 
(dry) $3 per cwt.. wet brewers’ grains 
10 cents per bushel. In addition they 
get plenty of grass and weeds. We are 
10 miles from Camden and can get stale 
bread for 50 cents a flour barrel. Please 
tell us how often and how much to feed. 
Also a ration for horse working every 
day. We feed bran, molasses and bay 
and oats at noon. You printed a ration 
for horse which included brewers’ grains, 
but we have mislaid the paper. Could 
you tell us again? * M* n. 
A good ration for vour pigs may be 
made of the usual quantity of beans from 
the soup factory mixed with wheat mid¬ 
dlings and tankage in the proportion of 
nine parts of wheat middlings to one 
part of tankage. We would prefer tank¬ 
age to the dry ground meat which you 
mention for the reason that the ground 
meat probably contains coarse particles 
of bone, which are practically indigesti¬ 
ble when fed to young pigs. Wet brew¬ 
ers’ grains may also be added, if con¬ 
venient, to the extent of one-fourth of 
the entire mixture by measure. 
If the stale bread which you can pur¬ 
chase at 50 cents per barrel does not 
cost more than about a cent a pound it 
could also form a part of the ration to 
good advantage, but if you have to spend 
too much time going after the bread it 
would not be a very economical feed. 
Pigs of this age should be few three 
times a day nearly as much as they will 
eat up clean. No rule can be laid down 
for the amount to feed, as this must be 
governed by the pigs themselves and the 
special conditions under which they are 
kept. 
The ration for horses containing dried 
brewers’ grains is mixed as follows: Six 
pounds of bay, eight pounds of dried 
brewers’ e-rains, two pounds of bran and 
four pounds of corn. This ration has 
been found to give as satisfactory results 
as oats, so it can be recommended in 
cases where oats are more expensive than 
the mixed ration. c. s. G. 
Several of our breeders, of registered 
Berkshires have formed an association 
known as the Bucks Co. Co-operative 
Berkshire Breeders, for the purpose of 
co-operative ownership and use of as good 
a boar as could be bought. We were for¬ 
tunate in being able to buy Masterpiece 
Premier C 180800, one of the very best 
boars in America. We feel that from the 
results that we may expect from this ven¬ 
ture in co-operation, others will follow. 
NORMAN S. DAVIS. 
Sec. Bucks Co. Co-operative Berkshire 
Breeders. 
Penns Park, Pa. 
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Breeders’ Association and Pedigrees. 
C. M. Winslow, secretary of the Ayr¬ 
shire Breeders’ Association has the fol¬ 
lowing in the Ayrshire Quarterly: 
“The recent decision of the Iowa 
court that pedigree register associations 
were responsible for the correctness of 
their certificates is a matter of import¬ 
ance both to the association and the 
breeder. 
“The pedigree of an animal is a guide 
and help in breeding and the safeguarding 
of its correctness lies with the associa¬ 
tion, but the association must depend 
largely on the integrity of the individual 
members, since it is imposible for any 
association to personally inspect each ser¬ 
vice and each birth. 
“It would seem that the responsibility 
of the association ended after they had 
used due care in the admission of mem¬ 
bers and had used every precaution to 
guard against mistakes. 
“The associations are more and more 
throwing around their records the various 
helps to correctness, and it is the duty 
of the association to see that all the 
rules are lived up to, but the association 
can in no way guarantee the truth of the 
application for record beyond the cer¬ 
tification of the claims in the application 
for registry.” 
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