THE RURAL, NBW-VOKKER 
1077 
Products, Prices and Trade 
Wholesale Prices at New York. 
Week ending Aug. 20, 1915. 
The commercial values of farm prod¬ 
ucts are what they sell for — not neces¬ 
sarily their food value, or what some one 
thinks or wishes they were worth. Hence 
representative sales rather than opinions, 
even though unbiased, are the correct 
basis for quotations. 
Live Stock and Dairy Markets. 
MILK. 
The Borden contract prices for the six 
months beginning with April are based on 
the fat content of the milk, there being 
a difference of 60 cents per 100 pounds 
betwen three and five per cent fat. The 
prices increases uniformly three cents per 
cent fat increase. 
3% 
3.5% 
4% 
4..t% 
5% 
April .... 
$1.31 
$1.46 
$1.61 
$1.76 
$1.01 
May . 
1.06 
1.21 
1.36 
1.51 
1.66 
June .... 
1.00 
1.15 
1.30 
1.45 
1.60 
July .... 
1.16 
1.31 
1.46 
1.61 
1.76 
Aug. 
1.32 
1.47 
1.62 
1.77 
1.92 
Sept. 
1.41 
1.56 
1.71 
1.86 
2.01 
BUTTICl 
w. 
Market decidedly weak, except on fancy 
grades of creamery, which are in light 
supply. Arrivals of other qualities are 
large. 
Creamery, best, above 92 score, lb. 26(4© 27 
Extra. 92 score . 2.'>'<>@ 2i! 
Good to Choice . 22 ~© 24 
Lower Grades. 20 © 21 
Btate Dairy, best.-. 25 © 25hs 
Common to Good. 21 © 24 
Ladles . 19 @ 21 
Packing Stock. 18 © 20 
Process . 20 © 23 
Klgin. Ill., butter market 24J^ cents. 
Philadelphia, western creamery. 26J6 cents. 
Boston, western creamery. 2b. 
Chicago creamery. 23©24>4. 
Kansas City, 24@25. 
CIIKKSK. 
Prices are one-half cent lower and bus¬ 
iness very dull. There .s considerable 
stock on hand which cost too much to 
sell at present prices. At Utica sales 
have run around 12% cents, which is 
three cents under last year, Watertown 
12% to 12% and 12 cents at Tattle Falls 
on fairly large lots. The make is heav¬ 
ier than usual. 
Whole Milk. State specials. 13>4© 13(£ 
Average fancy . 13 © 13J$ 
Under grades. 11 © 12 
Daisies, best. 14J^© 14!^ 
Young Americas. 15 © 15j| 
Skims, special. 10^© II 
Fair to good. 7 @ 10 
PRIMARY MARKETS. 
Cuba, K. Y.. 12. * 
Watertown, N. Y., 12!4@I2J4. 
Utica. N. Y„ 12© 1254- 
Little Falls, N. Y.. 12© 12J4. 
Plymouth, Wis., 12@1294. 
JCGGS 
The better grades are one cent higher, 
qualities below medium are moving fairly 
well, so that the market is in a generally 
Stronger position than for some time. 
White, choice to fancy, large . 
34 
© 
35 
Medium to good. 
25 
© 
30 
Mixed colors, best. 
28 
@ 
30 
Common to good. 
21 
© 
23 
St. Louis, gathered. 19. 
Chicago, ltiW® 1943. 
Kansas Citv'. 15@19. 
Lafayette, Ind., 15. 
LIVE POULTRY. 
Business dull, but prices running on 
about the same level as last week. The 
Jewish holidays this year begin Septem¬ 
ber !T, and continue at intervals through¬ 
out the month. The demand for live poul¬ 
try at this time will doubtless be heavy. 
Buying from the wholesale trade is usu¬ 
ally done several days before these vari¬ 
ous feasts, which begin September 9, 
IS. 23 and 30. Shippers should consult 
with commission men as to the best dates 
to meet their special trade. 
Broilers, lb. 17 @ 19 
Fowls . 15 © If! 
Roosters. 11 @ U 54 
Ducks. 14 © 17 
Geese. 11 © 12 
Chicago. Chickens 165£©175s 
Kansas City. 15.' 
DRESSED POULTRY. 
Broilers are in some surplus because 
of the irregular quality, some being too 
large and others too small. Usually any¬ 
thing over two pounds is considered too 
large for broiling, and less than one pound 
rather small. There is no surplus of 
fresh-killed fowls in good condition. The 
demand for roasting chickens, which is 
mainly supplied from frozen stock, is 
good. 
Turkeys, choice, lb . 20 © 21 
Common to good. 14 © IS 
Chickens choice broilers, lb. 24 @ 2(5 
Broilers, common to good . 21 © 23 
Squab broilers, pair. 40 @ 50 
Roasters . 22 @ 24 
Fowls. 14 © 17 
Spring Ducks. 16 © 17 
Squabs, doz.125 ©3 50 
WOOL. 
The market on domestic wool has been 
more active than the previous week, 
though there is very little change in 
prices. Sales of Michigan and New York 
fleeces at Boston have been at 26 to 
27 cents for unwashed Delaine, 32 to 33 
for half blood and 37 to 38 for three- 
eighths blood. Ohio and Pennsylvania 
unwashed Delaine has brought 30 cents, 
and half blood combing 35 to 36. 
LIVE STOCK. 
A few choice Ohio steers have brought 
up to $10; most sales of uative- run 
between $6 and $8. Calf market firm 
and higher on anything desirable. Sheep 
barely steady. Prime lambs scarce. 
(General Markets on page 1079.) 
Flow of Water in Pipes. 
How much water will flow per hour 
at a pressure of 50 pounds through a 
%-ineh, %-ineh and %-inch pipe? 
J. c. B. 
The flow of water in a pipe is influ¬ 
enced by many other factors aside from 
the diameter of the pipe and the pres¬ 
sure or head, the length of the pipe, the 
number of bends and the condition of 
the interior, whether rough or smooth, 
being among the most important. J. C. 
B. neglects to give the length of the pipe 
in his question, and only a general an¬ 
swer can be given him. 
As water exerts a pressure of .434 
pounds per square inch for every foot in 
depth it follows that a head of approx¬ 
imately 115 feet is necessary to secure 
the pressure of 50 pounds as stated in 
the question. Assuming a length of 200 
feet for these pipes the approximate 
actual flow can be determined by the 
following formula : 
Lineal flow per second in feet equals 
2.315 where II equals vertical head, in 
this case 115 feet. D equals internal 
diameter of pipe in inches, in this case 
.40 and .82 inches respectively, wrought 
iron pipe being slightly larger than the 
nominal diameter. F equals a factor 
that is determined for each case by com¬ 
putation. In the case of the %-ineh pipe 
it was .02 while for the %-inch pipe it’s 
value is .0199. I, equals the length of 
the pipe in this case 200 feet. 
After obtaining the velocity of the dis¬ 
charge in feet per second the volume is 
found by reducing the velocity to inches 
per second and multiplying by the num¬ 
ber of square inches iu the discharge 
opening. Dividing this by 231 gives the 
number of gallons discharged per second 
and it is an easy matter after this is 
found to obtain the approximate number 
of gallons discharged per hour. 
Working out these formulas for the 
conditions noted above gives an approxi¬ 
mate discharge of 1087 gallons per hour 
from the %-inch pipe and 316 for the 
%-inch pipe. Five-eighths-inch pipe is 
not on the regular market to my knowl¬ 
edge, the sizes increasing by quarter inch¬ 
es after the half-inch size is reached, and 
by one-half inches after the 1%-inch size 
is reached. If it were not for the inter¬ 
nal friction of the pipe and other hind- l 
ranees to the flow of the water the dis¬ 
charge from the %-inch pipe would he j 
something like 8340 gallons per hour, | 
with the head mentioned. K. H. s. 
Hydraulic Ram or Water-wheel. 
Would you kindly tell me what factor 
should determine the preference as be¬ 
tween a hydraulic ram and a water¬ 
wheel ? e. A. w. 
Newark, N. J. 
E. A. W. has neglected to state for 
what purpose the ram or water-wheel, 
as the case may be, is to be used, and 
therefore only a general answer can be 
given him. Probably where pumping wa¬ 
ter is the only object of the installation 
more rams than water-wheels are used; I 
am supposing here that E. A. W. wishes 
a ram or wheel for a small private plant. 
Where large quantities of water are to 
be pumped the water-wheel or some other 
source of power is used. For pumping 
alone, however, the ram is usually the 
cheaper of the two where the amount of 
water to be pumped is small. But where 
one has a small stream with sufficient 
head of fall the family washer, the grind¬ 
stone, cream separator, fanning-mill and 
other light farm machinery can be driven 
as well as the water pumped by the use 
of a small water wheel. Electric lights 
even, can be furnished if there is suffi¬ 
cient power and it takes but little to light 
the ordinary farmstead. In this way tin* 
water wheel has the advantage over the 
ram as it can do all these things and 
many more where the ram can only pump 
water. 
Another case where the wheel might 
be preferable is where dirty water from a 
stream is used to pump pure water from a 
well by means of a wheel situated at the 
stream. This can be done even though 
the well is at some little distance by 
means of wires and triangles. To sum 
up the ram seems to be the general choice 
for small installations where a water 
supply is the only object and the supply 
can be taken from the same source that 
is used to drive the ram or at least from 
a spring near it. The wheel is used 
where power is desired for other pur¬ 
poses as well as pumping water or where 
the stream furnishing the power is n t 
suitable for drinking purposes and there 
is no suitable spring that can be drawn 
upon along it’s bank. r. h. S. 
Failure of Well. 
I have a well about 20 feet deep, which 
until the last six or seven years, had 
lots of water, sometimes filling up to the 
ground level, and seldom going dry. For 
the past six or seven years this well has 
been failing, going dry in the Summer 
and not filling up much in the Winter or 
Spring. Last year it went dry in Au¬ 
gust and since then has only come about 
a foot of water in. which is now gone 
dry. Can you tell me anything to do to 
this well to restore it to what it used to 
he? Water is good and always cold. 
Can you tell me what should be the cause 
of the failing of water? Soil is clay. 
Accord. N. Y. h. j. g. 
We will pass this on to our readers for 
suggestion. Possibly the vein of water 
that formerly supplied him has been 
tapped by another well, this might hap¬ 
pen even though the new well was at a 
considerable distance. If the supply 
comes in at the bottom cleaning the well 
might help. 
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SILO FILLERS WITH 
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