THE RURAL) NEW-YORKER 
1089 
Farm Engineering 
Extent of Water Flow. 
How much water per minute would I 
get from a small reservoir with a pipe 
line 1.000 feet long and a fall of 40 feet, 
by using one-half inch pipe? Is there 
any simple rule or formula by which I 
could figure out similar problems for my¬ 
self. R. A. B. 
Virginia. 
Such a pipe will permit 2*4 gallons 
of water per minute to pass provided 
that there are no air pockets in the pipe 
to interfere with the flow. For an in¬ 
termittent flow at the lower end of the 
pipe, I would advise the use of a bulk¬ 
head tank of 40 gallon capacity. This 
would give a discharge of about 20 gal¬ 
lons of water for the first minute when 
drawn directly from the tank through a 
one-inch faucet. gko. wallenbeck. 
Piping for Water Supply. 
I am going to run water from our 
spring to the house and barn. The spring 
is about 650 feet away from the house, 
and another 100 feet to the barn. Would 
it be all right to start at the spring with 
about 40 feet of l^-inch pipe, then 40 of 
one-inch and then 40 feet of %-incli, 
the rest all half-inch? There is a drop of 
not more than 10 feet to the house and 
barn. Could I put on a tee, at the house 
and run part to the house and the rest 
to the barn? IIow deep should the pipe 
be laid? There will be running water 
all the time in it. The idea of putting 
in as small a pipe as possible and having 
a steady stream is the cost of the pipe. 
Groton, N. Y. E. L. B. 
A common mistake in laying water 
pipe is the use of too small pipe. It is 
seldom that a smaller size than %-ineh 
should be laid. All pipe has a certain 
amount of roughness in its interior that 
retards the flow of water. While a half¬ 
inch pipe is no rougher than the larger 
sizes, the projections are larger in pro¬ 
file barn. Possibly a half-inch pipe 
would do for this branch, but as the %- 
inch would cost only one dollar more, 
even at the present prices, it would be 
advisable to use it. It would be neces¬ 
sary to put in a small tank at the barn 
as described for the house, or provide 
some other means of stopping the flow of 
water at this point otherwise the tank at 
the house might not fill. For best results 
lay the pipe with a uniform grade and no 
abrupt bends. A uniform grade may be 
obtained by means of a carpenter’s level 
a screw being turned into one end on the 
underside and left projecting just enough 
to give the slant desired when the bub¬ 
ble is in the middle position. In this case 
this would be very near three-eighths of 
an inch if a two-foot level is used, and 
there is a fall of 10 feet in the 650 feet 
between the house and spring, k. h. s. 
Water Pipe. 
I have a galvanized water pipe that 
I fear is filling up with rust. Do you 
know of anything that will clean it out 
without taking it up? It has been laid 
about 10 years and has never given me 
trouble of this kind before. Have you 
ever heard of using suphuric acid in the 
pipe to clean it of rust? 
Dover, N. J. m. a. c. 
It is probable that the pipe mentioned 
is filling with a furry substance deposit¬ 
ed by the water, rather than rust from 
the pipe itself. While M. A. C. does not 
say so, I am led to think that this is 
a pipe flowing by gravity from a spring 
or other similar source, and no doubt of 
small size. Such pipes frequently fur 
up inside, as the flow of water is not 
swift enough to keep them clear. The 
usual method of cleaning them is to get 
at one end of the pipe with a wire — 
portion to the volume of water carried, 
the capacity increasing very rapidly in 
comparison with the diameter, a one- 
inch pipe for instance having a capacity 
four times as great as a half-inch. For 
this reason unless the water is under¬ 
pressure or has considerable head the flow 
is very slow. A further disadvantage of 
a pipe as small as half-inch is the fact 
that they soon fur up inside, nearly fill¬ 
ing the pipe and checking the flow of 
water, so it is sometimes necessary to 
take them up and clean them out. The 
only extra cost of the line made from the 
larger pipe is the difference in the cost 
of the pipe itself, as the cost for ditch¬ 
ing and laying is practically the same in 
either case. 
In the case mentioned by E. L. B., it 
would seem best to use one-inch pipe or 
larger for the first 300 feet, finishing to 
the house with 94-inch, a distance of 350 
feet. This pipe should be laid well be¬ 
low the frost line; no reliance should be 
placed on the fact that it is carrying 
spring water. If the line leads beneath 
roads or other hard packed material 
where the frost is likely to penetrate 
deeply, additional protection should be 
given by packing the pipe in straw, shav¬ 
ings, sawdust or some other non-conduc¬ 
tor of heat. 
If a small open tank is installed in 
the house and barn as shown, it will not 
greatly increase the cost and will permit 
drawing water at either place more quick¬ 
ly. as the water can be used for a short 
time faster than the spring can furnish 
it. This tank need not be large, only a 
foot or so in diameter, but it must be 
high enough to have its top above the 
level of the water in the spring to pre¬ 
vent it from overflowing. When the 
faucet at A is opened water flows from 
the tank much faster than it would dis¬ 
charge from the pipe itself. When the 
faucet is closed the tank fills up again 
to the level of the spring. 
A tee can be put in as suggested by E. 
iL. B. and the same arrangement used in 
about No. 12. If the pipe is straight 
this can sometimes be run the whole 
length, and by sawing it back and forth 
and twisting it about the deposit is loos¬ 
ened up. If there are elbows or other 
obstructions in the pipe by inserting the 
wire as far as possible and then with¬ 
drawing it and laying along the surface of 
the ground the obstructiiu can be located 
and the pipe taken up at this point, cut 
and another section cleaned. 
After it is cleaned the different sec¬ 
tions can be re-threaded and connected by 
means of unions. A. pump connected to 
one end can then be used to force water 
through the pipe under pressure which 
will flush out the loosened scale. An ordi¬ 
nary spray pump may be used for this 
purpose. 
I do not know what the effect of sul¬ 
phuric acid would be in removing this 
deposit. If it is tried, though, the oper¬ 
ator will need to work carefully, because 
it has an affinity for water, and united 
with it generates heat and spatters bad¬ 
ly, causing severe burns. It would also 
have a bad effect on the pipe, attacking 
any galvanizing that might remain on it. 
r. ir. s. 
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