i.133 
THE RURAL M EC W-YOKKER 
September lb, 1915, 
the value of dwarf trees. As most of 
our readers know, a dwarf apple tree is 
a bud from some standard variety work¬ 
ed on the root of some bush form of 
stock. Of course the size of top of the 
tree is determined by the amount of 
food and moisture the root can provide, 
and thus the root of the dwarf form will 
keep the grafted tree stunted and small. 
It hears fruit early—fruit of fine color 
and quality—but the trees are likely to 
he short-lived, and must be pruned and 
cultivated with great care. For small 
gardens they are useful, hut we would 
not advise the average grower to plant 
them for commercial use. 
The Sunflower Crop. 
A number of our readers have evident¬ 
ly planted a crop of sunflowers. It is 
growing well and getting ready for har¬ 
vest. How shall it be cared for? Thou- 
sands of people in this country have been 
led to believe that there is a small for¬ 
tune in sunflower culture. We certain¬ 
ly have to pay tremendous prices for 
sunflowers when we buy them in chicken 
or cow feed, and in theory at least the 
crop ought to pay. It would pay if it 
were possible to try to handle the seed 
like corn or wheat. The trouble is that 
the sunflower seed contains so much oil 
that in our humid climate it is very 
difficult to get them dried out. In a 
season like the present, with more than 
the usual amount of rainfall, Ibis trouble 
is greater than ever. We have raised 
several crops of sunflowers without trou¬ 
ble. but curing has proved a nuisance 
and a trial. Birds too are very fond of 
these seeds, and where the birds are 
protected and given a chance to propo- 
gate they will quickly take care of the 
crop. The best plan we have found is 
to wait until the heads are thoroughly 
ripe, then cut them off with such seeds 
as the birds leave. With a large-body 
wagon you can drive through the field 
cutting off the heads and throwing them 
into the wagon body. In a small crop 
a wheel barrow or light pushcart can be 
used. Our plan was to build racks in 
some dry building where the air could 
circulate freely. The bottoms of these 
racks are made of either wooden slats or 
chicken wire. The heads are thrown 
into these racks two or three deep so that 
the air may circulate freely among them. 
With a week or 10 days of dry windy 
weather the seeds are fit to handle. They 
can be run through a thrashing machine 
or pea thrasher or when there is only a 
small quantity they can be thrown upon 
a blanket or sheet put on the barn floor 
or on the ground, and pounded with a 
flail or heavy stick. This will knock out 
most of the seed, or the heads may be 
thrown entire into the chicken yard, 
where the birds will take care of them. 
Even when separated from the heads 
the seeds are apt to sour or ferment, or 
rot when packed in bags, and for com¬ 
mercial purposes it would probably pay 
to dry them in an evaporator before ship¬ 
ping. The crop will not prove very satis¬ 
factory for most people on the Atlantic 
coast, for while it can be grown easily 
the curing is a difficult job, which will 
try the patience of most people who try 
it. 
Detection of Adulterated Honey or Maple 
Products. 
I low can you detect adulterated honey, 
adulterated maple sugar and syrup or 
adulteration and misbranding of food pro¬ 
ducts? V. II. R. 
Germantown, N. Y. 
An expert chemist is the only one who 
can accurately detect adulteration in 
honey, especially when artificial invert 
sugar is used, but a good bee-keeper, or 
one familiar with the flavors of honey, 
can very often detect the presence of glu¬ 
cose by the taste. This gives the honey 
a brassy flavor; and one whose taste is 
acute can very readily detect it but he 
cannot, of course, determine the amount. 
Invert sugar cannot be recognized by the 
taste alone when used as an adulterant 
in honey. None but an expert chemist, 
familiar with the analysis of honey, can 
detect its presence. 
Maple sugar and maple syrup can be 
adulterated with cane sugar, which is a 
cheaper sweet, very readily; but this as 
in the case of honey, will require an ex¬ 
pert chemist to detect the fraud. Glucose 
is the usual adulterant; but its presence 
is easily detected by almost any chemist, 
whether it is in honey or maple syrup. 
As a general rule, the services of a chem¬ 
ist are required to detect adulterations in 
ordinary food products; but experts in 
various foods are sometimes able to recog¬ 
nize the presence of foreign ingredients 
by the use of the microscope and other 
simple tests which they employ. 
It may be stated in a general way that 
the national pure-food law and pure-food 
laws in the various States have practi¬ 
cally driven all forms of adulteration 
from the market. The agents of the pure- 
food departments are watching the mar¬ 
kets very closely and it may be said there 
is hut little or no adulteration of any 
sort either of honey or syrup, except 
when the article is marked by a label 
“Combined” or “Mixed.” In such case 
the pure-food laws require that the 
amount of adulteration must be distinct¬ 
ly stated on the label. 
The Special Crop Farmer. 
The following is sent us by a Massa¬ 
chusetts subscriber who asks, “What 
about it?” 
here’s a moral. 
A few days ago. we won’t say whether 
it was here or in a neighboring town, 
a banker was standing in a general 
store and watched a farmer walk in 
and buy 50 cents worth of navy beans. 
$1 worth of salt meat and three cans of 
<• 0111 . In a social conversation which 
followed the banker asked the farmer 
how long he had lived upon the farm 
he is now cultivating, and was informed 
that he had been there three years. 
During that afternoon the editor and 
the banker were enjoying a social visit 
at the bank when the same farmer 
walked in and wanted to borrow $50. 
The banker informed him that business 
Conditions were such that he would be 
unable to accommodate him. The farm¬ 
er can scarcely gotten out of sight when 
in walked another farmer and applied 
for a loan of $100, which he received al¬ 
most immediately. 
This aroused the curiosity of the edi¬ 
tor and he asked the banker for an 
explanation. He recited to us his ob¬ 
servations of the forenoon down in the 
store and said: “No man is a safe 
financial risk who will stay on one 
farm three years and then buy navy 
beans, canned corn and salt meat to 
make his fourth crop on.”—Sallisaw 
(Okla.) Star-Gazette. 
In the cotton-growing districts of the 
South such a thing would be quite com¬ 
mon. The wheat sections of the North¬ 
west for a time were in much the same 
condition. In some of the dairy districts 
in New York State farmers ship milk 
and buy meat from the butcher, bread 
from the baker and fruit from the store¬ 
keeper. Of course, not all of them do 
this, but the practice is not uncommon. 
A very large proportion of the farmers 
east of Lake Erie buy practically all 
their flour and most of their meat. Ask 
them why and it is doubtful if they 
could give a better answer than the state¬ 
ment that it has been a habit for them 
to do so. You can easily prove by fig¬ 
ures or theory that they ought to pro¬ 
duce 80 per cent of their food right at 
home, but the fact is that whenever a 
farmer makes a business of producing 
some special crop he becomes a buyer of 
nearly everything else. 
Harvest is about over through this sec¬ 
tion, it having been so much rain it de¬ 
layed the farmer quite a little, as well 
as causing a great loss to a good many. 
Now another crop is on its way to help 
them out, and that is the corn which 
looks very fine. There is corn on the 
D. W. Ten Brock farm which measures 
14% feet in height. Potatoes promised 
a good crop, but now they are rotting in 
the ground, while they are selling at 55 
to 60c per bushel. w. M. 
Rhinebeek, N. Y. 
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and 
those who till it.”— Adv. 
Raspberries and Strawberries R {, p ow NG 
St. Regis Everbearing Raspberries and Progressive 
and Superb Everbearing Strawberries are now bear¬ 
ing delicious fruit Plants set this fall will bear fruit 
next year from June to November. Price of plants 
by mail, postpaid. 5c. each; $3 hundred: low thous¬ 
and prices prepaid. HARRY L. SQUIRES, Remsenbura, N.Y. 
PORE FIELD SEEDS 
SEED WHEAT— Red Wave. Poole, and Winter King. 
Clover, Timothy, Alslke, Alfalfa, and all kinds of 1*111*6 
Field Seedsdireet from producer to consumer. Free from 
Noxious weeds. Ask for samples. BIG TYPE Poland China's, March 
and April pips al reaaonable prices. A. C. HOYT & CO., Fosloria. Ohio 
Dnooion PIUmic SEED RYE Rank grower. Enormous 
nUooldll rithUo yielder. $1.30 perbu.. sow until freezing 
Supply limited. Orderearly. Claverdale Farm, Charlotte, N. T. 
Cabbage and Celery Plants 
line stocky plants, of all the Leading Varieties, $1 
perl,000; $8.50 per 10,000. J. C. Schmidt, Bristol, Pa. 
We have over 2300 acres In nurseries 
here — millions of Apples, Peaches, 
Pears, Cherries, Ornamentals, etc. Come 
to Berlin and pick out your stock. We 
pay your hotel expenses while here and 
you’ll find your trip f>nid you. We sell 
only the trees we grow—you’re protec¬ 
ted. Learn more about them. Send for 
our Free Fall Catalog. Reserve orders 
early, we ship when you want. Write now. 
Like They 
Put On Top 
—Handsome, firm apples with that 
freshness of color and smooth skin that 
fairly make you buy them. That’s 
the kind we sell for a $ 1,000 a car and 
the kind you can grow on, trees you 
buy from us. Our 
Faultless Fruit 
is the result of budding from bearing 
trees known for their splendid yields. 
That's why our trees are found in practically 
every fruit section east of the Mississippi and 
they're hardy, too—the severest of Northern 
winters leave them unharmed. They have enor¬ 
mous root systems and clean, well ripened wood. 
Let us help you select the right varieties for your 
soil,climate and markets—our twenty-five years’ 
experience is yours for the asking. 
Box 14, Berlin, Md. 
TRADEMARK 
Profit By Our Experience 
For 37 years we have been leaders in the nursery field. Our rapid growth 
in sales shows that our customers are profiting by this extensive experience. 
Our stock, produced in the Genesee Valley, is disease-free and hardy, which 
insures excellent growth, no matter in what fruit section you live. We sell 
to the grower direct and guarantee safe delivery and genuineness. Take 
advantage of our quantity production. See the wonderfully low prices on 
fruit trees and nursery stock quoted in our new catalog that will be sent 
you immediately upon request. Write for it today—now. 
KING BROTHERS NURSERIES, 7 Oak St., DANSVILLE, N. Y. 
TRUE TO NAME-FREE FROM DISEASE ^ 
Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum, Cherry and Quince Trees, Smalt Frnlts, etc., ill all the beat varieties, 
eold direct to you from our nurseries at wholesale. 
You can have perfect confideuce that you are setting Varieties that are true to name. Stock that 
is healthy, sturdy and of perfect grade when you buy from us. 35 years’ of successful nursery cul¬ 
ture is hack of every Kelly Tree. Each of Hie live Kelly Brothers gives one department hit undivided 
attention, so we know the history of every tree we sell and give an absolutely binding guarantee. 
Our Wholesale Catalog tells all about our stock and quotes onr low prices. You can order from 
the catalog Just as if you came in jierson to our office I11 Dansvllle. Now Is the time lo plant Apple Trees. 
Write for your Catalog today. 
KELLY BROS. WHOLESALE NURSERIES. 30 Main Street, DANSVILLE, N.Y 
You'll never regret planting Kelly Trees. _ M 
The Threshing Problem 
Cl J threshes cow peas and soy beans 
^OlV£d trom ( ho mown vines, wheat, oats, 
rye and barley. A perfect combina¬ 
tion machine. Nothing like it. “The machine I 
have been looking for for 20 years.” W. F. Massey. 
"It will meet every demand.” II. A. Morgan, Di¬ 
rector Tenn. Exp. Station. Booklet 29 free. 
K0GER PEA & BEAN THRESHER CO.. 
Morristown, Tenn. 
300,000 
[ Collins’ Guide includes the 1 
1 best apples and pears for Fall planting. No | 
| experimental, unimproved varieties included, f 
| Moderate prices for most dependable stock— I 
| sturdy roots, hardy trees. 
Write today for this Free Book. 
I ARTHUR J. COLLINS 
Box 31 
Moorestown, N. J. 
r>nminniniininuniinimiinmunnmnnntninn>muunmtumnnun»mninuint>iinninin»mmni; 
MALONEY TREES 
Fruit, Nut,Ornamental Trees,Yiiiesand 
Shrubs for fall planting, hardy upland 
stock grown in our *IU0 acre nurseries,-the 
largest in NewYork, and sold at wholesale 
—Send for our big free catalogue, it tells 
why Maloney Quality plus 30 years of 
Nursery Kxperieuce means big future 
profits. It’s free; write today. 
MALONEY BROS. S WELLS CO. 
Box 18, Dansville, N. Y. 
Dansvillc's Pioneer Wholesale Nurseries 
^frnwhorrv Plnnfo P ot Frown, and layer plants in- 
Olldwueilj ridllis elurtiiiK all the best up-to-date, 
varieties, 75 cents per 100, $3.50 per 1,000, Everbear¬ 
ing, $1.50 per 100. $10.00 per 1.000. 
1C. \V. Tuwnseuil, Box 265, Salisbury, Md. 
Strawberry 
Plants Pot Grown and Runner 
_ forSummei' and Fall planting. 
Catalogs Free. L. G. TINGLE, Box 96, Pittsville. Md 
SHEERIN’S FRESH DUG 
Trees at wholesale prices. Best 
stock we ever had—Boxed Free. Guaranteed True to Name. 
Catalog free to everybody. SHEERIN’S WHOLESALE 
NURSERIES 48 Seward Street, Dansville, N. Y. 
CD II IT TDFICC api'le, pear, peach 
rHUI I I fiLILd Blum, Cherry and Quince 
First-classstock. Prices low. 
Catalogue free. Harry R. Squires, Remsenburu, N Y. 
iMillions of trees & plants 
„ Wholesale Prices. Direct from grower. Guaranteed 
quality. Apple & peach trees. Asparagus, gooseber- 
1 nes berry plants, privet hedging. New catalog ready 
fc^THE WESTMINSTER NURSERY, Box 129, Westminster, Md. 
PI l IMS Standard varieties; strong, dean, 
* big trees, ready to be planted 
CHFRRIF^ this fal1 in orchard or gar- 
1L.1\I\1LJ den. Complete list of vari- 
PF ARS eties in my Tree Hook—free. 
* SAMUEL FRASER,12GMainSt.,Geneseo,N.Y. 
REES atHalfAsenfs Prices 
Guaranteed—First-class,True to Name, Free from 
Diftea^e—Packed to reach you in pood condition 
—Write for free wholesale catalogue of Fruit 
and Ornamental Trees, Roses, Shrubs and Vines. 
The Win, J. lieilly Nurseries 
22 Ossfan St., - Dansville, N. Y, 
Guaranteed by Certified Grower- 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
POT-GROWN AND RUNNER 
Ready for planting now. Will hear fruit next 
summer. Earliest, latest, largest, most produc¬ 
tive varieties. Delivery in good condition guar¬ 
anteed. RASPBERRY and BLACKBER¬ 
RY plants for fall planting. Catalogue free. 
HARRY L. SQUIItES, Remsenburg’, N. Y. 
STRAWBERRY PLAN TS”™™ 
55 varieties, including the FALL BEARING 
Asparagus Roots, etc. Catalogue free. 
J. Kel fford Hall, Route 2, Rhodesdale, Md. 
K A Quarts of Strawberries Next Spring 
1# W from 100 plants. All my plants are now well 
rooted. 100 strong-rooted young plants for $1.50. 25 
YEARS' SPECIALIST SEND FOR MID-SUMMER Catalogue. 
T. C. KEVJTT, - - Athenia, N. J. 
$1,000 an Acre 
EVER-BEARING STRAWBERRIES 
The most satisfactory fruit grown and Fall is the best time for sett¬ 
ing out these hardy Ever-Bearers, the soil being then cool and moist 
and free from cut-worms and grubs. They are not affected by fiost 
like the common strawberry plants and if set out any time before 
tile ground is actually frozen will hear an abundance of delicious 
_ berries next season from dune till November. Doubters can send 
15e. in stamps for postage and 1 will send by return mail a growing plant full of berries. 
Send for price list and free catalog telling what kinds to grow and how to grow them 
CLIFFORD S. KEMPTON & CO., Longmeadow, Mass. 
Use NATCO Drain Tile — Last Forever 
Farm drainage needs durable tile. Our drain tile are made of 
best Ohio clay, thoroughly hard burned. Don’t have to dig ’em up 
to be replaced every few years. Write for prices. Sold in carload 
lots. Also manufacturers of the famous NATCO IMPERISH¬ 
ABLE SILO, Natco Building Tile and Natco Sewer Pipe. 
■m 
NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY, Fulton Building, PITTSBURGH, PA, 
